EP0635625A1 - Méthode et appareil d'incinération de la suie d'un filtre pour particules solides d'un moteur diesel - Google Patents

Méthode et appareil d'incinération de la suie d'un filtre pour particules solides d'un moteur diesel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0635625A1
EP0635625A1 EP94105211A EP94105211A EP0635625A1 EP 0635625 A1 EP0635625 A1 EP 0635625A1 EP 94105211 A EP94105211 A EP 94105211A EP 94105211 A EP94105211 A EP 94105211A EP 0635625 A1 EP0635625 A1 EP 0635625A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
soot
filter
process according
ceramic
magnetic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP94105211A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jürgen Dr. rer. nat. Steinwandel
Rainer Willneff
Martin Dr. rer. nat. Ströer
Theodor Dipl.-Ing Staneff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dornier GmbH
Original Assignee
Dornier GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dornier GmbH filed Critical Dornier GmbH
Publication of EP0635625A1 publication Critical patent/EP0635625A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F01N3/028—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means using microwaves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/80—Apparatus for specific applications

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for the regeneration of soot-laden ceramic diesel particle filters
  • Soot particles inorganic components, graphitic C components as well as higher aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons
  • Soot particles can occur in all technical burns with carbon-bearing compounds.
  • soot-adsorbed polycondensed aromatic hydrocarbons is particularly harmful when it comes to particle emissions from diesel engines.
  • filter regeneration by burning off the accumulated diesel soot is required at certain time intervals.
  • thermodynamic equilibria are in all possible exhaust gas conditions (soot concentration, oxygen particle pressure, total pressure and temperature) in the direction of quantitative oxidation to carbon dioxide and water.
  • thermodynamically favored states in soot-laden particle filters can only be achieved sufficiently quickly from a purely thermal point of view from approx. 600 ° C.
  • either chemical promoters additive in the fuel or separate injection into the exhaust gas duct in front of the particle filter
  • measures for additional heating of the filter (or soot) can be taken.
  • Filters should be aimed at (or soot heating process, if possible are effective without additional catalytically active substances.
  • volume heating is sought (for example microwave HF processes for rapid sintering with ceramic materials.
  • the object of the present invention is to use the microwave-specific absorption properties of filter-deposited diesel oil (only dielectric losses) with at the same time minimal possible heat transfer into the ceramic filter material (determining size: thermal conductivity of the filter ceramic) in such a way that the predominant part of the HF ( MW) power for soot heating up to the ignition limit is used.
  • Another object of the invention is to prevent large-volume filter heating as much as possible.
  • the effect of "thermal runaway” can be avoided by either irradiating the RF energy in a pulsed manner or, in the case of prolonged RF exposure, the incident RF energy (or soot combustion enthalpy) with regard to possible heat dissipation (radiation and convection) is carefully balanced.
  • the latter criterion is achieved by adapting the HF energy to the respective gas throughput (convection cooling).
  • the time dependence of the heating of filter-deposited diesel soot is described in a first approximation by a boundary value problem for the unsteady heat conduction equation.
  • the depth of penetration of the electrical fields is large compared to the layer thickness of the soot coating, so that the amount of heat generated by the absorption of the microwave radiation per unit of time and volume is constant over the layer thickness.
  • the initial temperature increase, at which there is still no significant heat exchange with the surroundings, is then over given, with the electrical power loss density in soot Q and the specific heat c R (density ⁇ R ) of soot.
  • the heat output to the filter must also be taken into account.
  • the layer thickness of the soot coating on the filter entry surface should be several 100 ⁇ m.
  • the electric field strength of the irradiated microwave must be a few kV / cm in order to achieve the required power loss density. These field strengths can only be achieved with reasonable effort by using microwave resonators or waveguides with capacitive field compression. Under the conditions mentioned, the soot layer heats up to above the ignition temperature in periods of significantly less than one second.
  • transverse electrical (E mn ) and transverse magnetic (H mn ) waves are transverse electrical (E mn ) and transverse magnetic (H mn ) waves.
  • the indices m, n denote the number of wave maxima (amplitudes) in the X and Y directions.
  • the most stable waveform in a rectangular waveguide is the so-called H10 wave. This has the largest critical wavelength (cut-off wavelength ⁇ k ).
  • the waveguide can therefore be dimensioned such that no propagation of another wave type is possible at the desired frequency.
  • the waveguide wavelength ⁇ H is greater than the free space wavelength ⁇ o .
  • ⁇ H ⁇ O / [(1 - ⁇ O / ⁇ k ) 2] 1/2 (13)
  • R26 waveguide wavelength of the H10 basic mode of 171.97 mm.
  • An approximately 50-fold field increase compared to the R26 waveguide is achieved (at 800 W power loss approx. 9 kV / cm).
  • the resonator can generally be excited via antennas (inductive or capacitive) or through coupling holes.
  • a preferred arrangement is shown in FIG. 4.
  • a central circular aperture plate which is provided in each of the two end faces, serves both to excite the resonator and to guide the exhaust gas. The position and the dimensioning of the coupling hole are decisive for the performance adjustment.
  • the sample body was positioned in an R26 rectangular waveguide operated openly to demonstrate the principle of action and exposed to the microwave field of a 2.46 GHZ magnetron.
  • the honeycom specimen was flowed through with a gas mixture consisting of approx. 8% oxygen and approx. 92% nitrogen.
  • the microwave spring was connected spontaneously after the magnetic current was delivered. At the same time, soot ignition is observed spontaneously (see FIG. 2).
  • 3 and 4 show devices that can be used for process demonstration using a diesel engine.
  • a 300 cm3 single-cylinder direct injection engine with a maximum shaft output of 4.2 kWatt at 3000 mm ⁇ 1 speed was used.
  • Load variations of the machine can be implemented via a shaft-coupled single-phase AC generator with an electronically variable load.
  • FIG. 5 shows a simplified process flow diagram of the experimental analysis, which is equipped with a complex exhaust gas analysis (on-line) (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, infrared absorption spectroscopy, chemiluminescence).
  • FIG 6 shows an example of the dependency of the filter loading on the loading time for full load conditions of the diesel engine.
  • the filter load can be correlated in a defined manner to the respective exhaust back pressure (filter stand pressure) in certain operating states of the machine.
  • the measurement of the filter differential pressure is a very important parameter for process control of the Mw-induced particle erosion.
  • thermocouples In the experiments to demonstrate the process, the temperature profile in the particle filter and the filter inlet and outlet temperatures were also determined (PT 100 thermocouples).
  • the composition of the exhaust gas (on-line) before and after the particle filter was also determined.
  • FIG. 7 shows an experimental diagram of a particle filter loaded in full-load operation after the machine power has been reduced to idle operation and starting the Mw performance.
  • the rapid rise in temperature in the filter illustrates the immediate start of soot oxidation (measurement of the radiation temperature of the soot layer).
  • the successive erosion of the soot layer can be determined from the differential pressure curve (o).
  • FIG. 1 The basic principle of operation (FIG. 1) could thus be transferred to a technical unit.
  • up to approx. 100 loading / burn-up cycles were run with a filter without the filter being damaged.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
EP94105211A 1993-06-26 1994-04-02 Méthode et appareil d'incinération de la suie d'un filtre pour particules solides d'un moteur diesel Withdrawn EP0635625A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4321363 1993-06-26
DE19934321363 DE4321363A1 (de) 1993-06-26 1993-06-26 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abbrand von Ruß auf keramischen Diesel-Partikelfiltern

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0635625A1 true EP0635625A1 (fr) 1995-01-25

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EP94105211A Withdrawn EP0635625A1 (fr) 1993-06-26 1994-04-02 Méthode et appareil d'incinération de la suie d'un filtre pour particules solides d'un moteur diesel

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EP (1) EP0635625A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE4321363A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002042615A1 (fr) 2000-11-21 2002-05-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procede de reduction d'emissions de particules carbonees de moteurs diesel et dispositif correspondant
EP1304456A1 (fr) 2001-10-17 2003-04-23 Universiteit van Amsterdam Filtre à particules régénérable et méthode de régénération d'un filtre à particules
DE10057862C5 (de) * 2000-11-21 2004-05-06 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Verminderung kohlenstoffhaltiger Partikelemissionen von Dieselmotoren und zugehörige Anordnung
EP1541819A1 (fr) * 2003-12-12 2005-06-15 Nederlandse Organisatie voor toegepast-natuurwetenschappelijk onderzoek TNO Filtre à particules diesel régénéré par micro-ondes
US7931727B2 (en) 2007-09-17 2011-04-26 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Microwave mode shifting antenna system for regenerating particulate filters

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006044893B4 (de) * 2006-09-22 2011-06-30 GM Global Technology Operations LLC, ( n. d. Ges. d. Staates Delaware ), Mich. Steuerungssystem für Mikrowellenregeneration für einen Dieselpartikelfilter

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0212396A2 (fr) * 1985-08-08 1987-03-04 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft, Patentabteilung AJ-3 Dispositif pour éliminer la suie ou autres produits semblables des gaz d'échappement de moteurs à combustion interne
EP0221805A1 (fr) * 1985-10-11 1987-05-13 Regie Nationale Des Usines Renault Procédé de traitement des particules carbonées contenues dans des gaz en circulation, notamment dans les gaz d'échappement de moteurs à allumage par compression
EP0443625A1 (fr) * 1990-02-23 1991-08-28 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Elément filtrant et appareil pour le traitement des effluents gazeux
US5074112A (en) * 1990-02-21 1991-12-24 Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited Microwave diesel scrubber assembly
JPH04301124A (ja) * 1991-03-29 1992-10-23 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 内燃機関用フィルタ再生装置

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0212396A2 (fr) * 1985-08-08 1987-03-04 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft, Patentabteilung AJ-3 Dispositif pour éliminer la suie ou autres produits semblables des gaz d'échappement de moteurs à combustion interne
EP0221805A1 (fr) * 1985-10-11 1987-05-13 Regie Nationale Des Usines Renault Procédé de traitement des particules carbonées contenues dans des gaz en circulation, notamment dans les gaz d'échappement de moteurs à allumage par compression
US5074112A (en) * 1990-02-21 1991-12-24 Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited Microwave diesel scrubber assembly
EP0443625A1 (fr) * 1990-02-23 1991-08-28 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Elément filtrant et appareil pour le traitement des effluents gazeux
JPH04301124A (ja) * 1991-03-29 1992-10-23 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 内燃機関用フィルタ再生装置

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 17, no. 117 (M - 1378) 11 March 1993 (1993-03-11) *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002042615A1 (fr) 2000-11-21 2002-05-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procede de reduction d'emissions de particules carbonees de moteurs diesel et dispositif correspondant
DE10057862C5 (de) * 2000-11-21 2004-05-06 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Verminderung kohlenstoffhaltiger Partikelemissionen von Dieselmotoren und zugehörige Anordnung
US6938409B2 (en) 2000-11-21 2005-09-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for reducing particle emissions containing carbon of diesel motors and corresponding system
EP1304456A1 (fr) 2001-10-17 2003-04-23 Universiteit van Amsterdam Filtre à particules régénérable et méthode de régénération d'un filtre à particules
EP1541819A1 (fr) * 2003-12-12 2005-06-15 Nederlandse Organisatie voor toegepast-natuurwetenschappelijk onderzoek TNO Filtre à particules diesel régénéré par micro-ondes
WO2005056989A1 (fr) * 2003-12-12 2005-06-23 Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast- Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno Filtre a suies autonettoyant par combustion destine a un moteur a combustion interne
US7931727B2 (en) 2007-09-17 2011-04-26 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Microwave mode shifting antenna system for regenerating particulate filters

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DE4321363A1 (de) 1995-01-05

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