EP0644302A2 - Jeu de blocs de construction - Google Patents

Jeu de blocs de construction Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0644302A2
EP0644302A2 EP94114883A EP94114883A EP0644302A2 EP 0644302 A2 EP0644302 A2 EP 0644302A2 EP 94114883 A EP94114883 A EP 94114883A EP 94114883 A EP94114883 A EP 94114883A EP 0644302 A2 EP0644302 A2 EP 0644302A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tie rod
building block
modular system
layer
rod element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94114883A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0644302B1 (fr
EP0644302A3 (fr
Inventor
Maximilian Klaus
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Klaus Kunststofftechnik GmbH
Original Assignee
Klaus Kunststofftechnik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Klaus Kunststofftechnik GmbH filed Critical Klaus Kunststofftechnik GmbH
Publication of EP0644302A2 publication Critical patent/EP0644302A2/fr
Publication of EP0644302A3 publication Critical patent/EP0644302A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0644302B1 publication Critical patent/EP0644302B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/08—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units assembled of block-shaped elements, e.g. hollow stones
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/18—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B7/02—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation with plane sloping surfaces, e.g. saddle roofs
    • E04B7/04—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation with plane sloping surfaces, e.g. saddle roofs supported by horizontal beams or the equivalent resting on the walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/28—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of materials not covered by groups E04C3/04 - E04C3/20
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0243—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins or keys
    • E04B2002/0254—Tie rods

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a building block system consisting of a multiplicity of cuboidal building blocks, in particular made of plastic material, which are designed to be connectable with one another to create a wall, ceiling and / or roof surface.
  • Such a building block system is known for the production of concrete walls, wherein pre-formed cuboid blocks made of rigid foam are placed on top of one another and after reinforcement with reinforcing iron, the cavity in the building blocks is poured out with concrete.
  • pre-formed cuboid blocks made of rigid foam are placed on top of one another and after reinforcement with reinforcing iron, the cavity in the building blocks is poured out with concrete.
  • only a few layers of the usually 25 cm high building blocks have to be filled, so that generally only 1 m high sections of the walls can be produced before the construction work can continue after the concrete has hardened.
  • qualified skilled workers and a large outlay on construction machinery, such as concrete pumps and the like are required for the reinforcement and the casting of concrete.
  • a relatively poor thermal insulation is achieved due to the concrete filling, so that additional insulation measures are required.
  • this block system with standardized cuboid blocks which are put together according to the modular principle, is only suitable for the creation of vertical walls.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a formwork-free, self-supporting block system that enables the construction of buildings in a simple manner, even by assistants in a short time.
  • the individual component layers are clamped together, so that there is a high degree of stability.
  • the chaining of the individual tie rod elements creates a continuous flow of force from the uppermost block layer created to the foundation, so that almost any height or pillar can be created without the need for additional support or formwork measures for stabilization.
  • the preferred screw connection of the tie rod elements enables the creation of wall or roof surfaces even without special training for the workforce, so that the modular system is particularly suitable for do-it-yourselfers with no experience in the construction sector. This means that smaller structures such as garden houses, covered parking spaces, small halls and the like can be created quickly.
  • This modular system is also suitable for trade fair construction or for transitional structures that are dismantled after a certain time. Since the connecting tie rod element can be quickly loosened again in the preferred embodiment as a screw, a short-term used storage hall can then be quickly dismantled and re-created at another location.
  • the building blocks can be used not only for the construction of vertical wall surfaces, but also for the creation of roof surfaces, with no substructure being necessary due to the respective anchoring by means of the tie rod element.
  • This also allows relatively complicated roof shapes, such as. B. pyramid roofs, with the use of appropriate additional connecting and keystones.
  • the use of the cuboid blocks is very variable, so that, for example, after dismantling a pent roof hall Most of the building blocks for the construction of a pyramid roof are reusable.
  • the screw-shaped tie rod elements are each inserted in a sleeve-shaped depression, which is connected to the outside of the module via cross-shaped webs.
  • stabilizations or reinforcements are generally not required.
  • the stability of the surfaces to be created can also be increased by the mutual interlocking of the top and bottom of the respective building block as well as by the conical interlocking of the sleeves surrounding the tie rods, so that even with a span of a ceiling or roof surface of several meters, there is a gap the individual layers is not to be feared.
  • the teeth on the outer sides enable mutual sealing at the joints and also a stable, form-fitting corner connection.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 show a side view and an associated top view of a building block 1 which has a cuboidal outer shape with two parallel longitudinal sides 2 and transverse sides 3 at right angles thereto.
  • the long sides 2 are preferably twice as long as the short sides 3.
  • two depressions 4 are formed here, into each of which two tie rod elements 5 (cf. FIG. 3) are inserted and screwed to the tie rod element 5 of the lower component layer 6 located below them.
  • the modules 1 per layer 6 are arranged offset from each other. This results in a firm bond between the individual building blocks 1, the individual tie rod elements 5 (in the vertical direction in the wall surface formed here) being chained together and each extending directly from the uppermost layer 6 to the foundation.
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross section through a building block 1 according to section line AA in FIG. 2. From this, the recess 4 in the module 1 for receiving the tie rod element 5 can be seen.
  • the depression 4 is essentially formed by a sleeve 7 which extends over the entire height of the building block 1 and which is connected here by cross-shaped webs 8 to the outer sides, namely the longitudinal sides 2 and the transverse sides 3.
  • a transverse support web 9 is formed within the recess 4 or the sleeve 7, on which a screw head 5a of the tie rod element 5, which is preferably designed as a screw, rests.
  • the tie rod element 5 is screwed to that of the block layer below it, so that the respectively placed block 1 is held securely on the layer 6 below it.
  • the teeth of the building blocks 1 can be increased by a cone 10 on the sleeve 7 and a correspondingly designed counter-cone 11 on the opposite side of the building block 1 underneath.
  • these engaging elements 10 and 11 can also be mirror images.
  • Interlocking projections in the form of strips 13 are likewise provided on the longitudinal sides 2 and engage in a correspondingly designed recess 14 in the component 1 located underneath. In this way, exact centering of the building block 1 is achieved on the one hand, and sealing is also achieved on the other hand, which is particularly important when it is designed as a roof surface.
  • the seal on the transverse sides 3 of the building block 1 can be expediently achieved by a toothed design of the transverse side 3 with a plurality of equally spaced grooves 12, so that when the transverse sides 3 collide with one another, penetration of rain by this type of labyrinth seal is excluded.
  • this toothed design of the transverse sides 3 and also preferably the longitudinal sides 2 results in the possibility of a stable corner connection, since in this case the longitudinal side 2 and the subsequent transverse side 3 interlock.
  • an undulating or meandering profile can also be selected.
  • the formation of such a groove profile 12 does not pose any problem in the preferred material, namely plastic material, so that there is also an attractive surface.
  • Recycled plastic is preferably used as the material, which accumulates to an increasing extent.
  • a transparent plastic such as PMMA can also be used, making it possible, for example, to create greenhouses or conservatory covers.
  • the cavities 15 formed by the webs 8 may be expedient to fill the cavities 15 formed by the webs 8 with additional insulating material, although the cavities 15 already ensure high insulation.
  • FIG. 4 shows the cross-section of the transition area between a vertical wall 20 and an inclined roof surface 30.
  • a connecting block 21 which is angled according to the desired roof pitch can be provided both for the wall surface 20 and for the roof surface 30, and which is designed on its connecting surfaces, namely the underside 22 and the upper side 23, corresponding to the connecting surfaces of the module 1 is, for example the plug connection of the interlocking strips 13, 14 is made possible.
  • a circumferential ring anchor 24 (here perpendicular to the plane of the drawing) can be used, so that even with high snow loads on the roof surface 30 a stable cohesion of the building, z. B. results in a parking space.
  • recesses 26 can be provided on the upper side of the building block 1 of the uppermost wall layer, into which one or more revolving rods, e.g. B. threaded rods 25 are inserted to form a ring anchor. These threaded rods 25 can then be screwed together in the corner area by simple angle pieces.
  • a roof corner stone 40 is shown, to which the building blocks 1 can in turn be connected in layers to form the continuous pyramid surfaces.
  • the associated side view of the pyramid corner stone 40 is shown, the lowest layer being connected by anchoring screws 41 to a foundation or a wall located underneath.
  • the pyramid corner stones 40 shown here are used for each layer 6, whereby they are adapted to the respective length of the long sides 2 of the blocks 1, so that there is a smooth-surfaced roof surface without the blocks 1 being cut.
  • a modified connecting block is shown, at which in the manner of an intersection, here in the four indicated directions L, R, U, O, the building blocks 1 by means of a screw connection similar to the tie rod element 5 in FIG. 3 in four directions can be screwed to a central connector 50.
  • spans are formed here Ceiling areas of several meters possible, as is sufficient, for example, for a mezzanine in a garden shed or garage.
  • connecting block shown here with four connection surfaces those with three (eg in T or Y shape) or six connection surfaces are also possible.
  • the described block system enables a very variable, quick and easy construction.
  • FIG. 9 shows a modified embodiment of the building blocks 1, wherein, in contrast to the designs according to FIGS. 1 to 3, a total of four depressions 4 are formed per building block 1 in order to increase the stability still further.
  • a plurality of insulating chambers lying next to one another are formed by a plurality of transverse webs 8, in order to increase the insulating effect of the module system.
  • a three-shell construction is provided, a sleeve 7 being provided at each of the crossings of the webs 8 to form the recess 4 (cf. also the top view in FIG. 11).
  • this is essentially a doubling or double-shell design of the module according to FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • a transverse support web 9 is also provided in the respective recess 4 within the sleeve 7, on which the tie rod element 5 designed as a screw is supported and thus braces each layer of the building blocks 1 against one another.
  • a cross member 60 bridging the joint is also provided, which has thickened ends 61. These thickened ends (cf. in particular FIGS. 13 to 14) are used for positive engagement in the recesses 4 of the two abutting modules, so that a secure connection in the longitudinal wall direction L (cf. FIG. 10) is achieved. This reliably avoids gaping at the joint between the two opposite transverse sides 3 of the building blocks.
  • a longitudinal tie rod runs in the longitudinal center plane C-C, as is also described in connection with FIG. 4.
  • This longitudinal tie rod is in this case preferably designed as a threaded rod 25, it being possible in turn to select the construction with screws 5 which are connected or linked to one another, as is shown in particular in FIG. 3, in order to attach this threaded rod 25.
  • a continuous rod or a rope in the longitudinal direction L can also be pulled through one or each module layer, in order to provide a kind of ring anchor to build.
  • FIG. 11 shows a plan view of two abutting modules 1, from which in particular the formation of four recesses 4 in each module can be seen, as well as the multi-chamber or multi-shell design to increase the insulation effect.
  • the overlap is also shown by means of webs 13, 14 at the joints, as has already been described in connection with FIGS. 3 and 4. These overlaps increase the sealing and thus weather security of the building block system. It should be noted that these overlaps 13, 14 are provided not only on the transverse sides, but also on the top and bottom, as can be seen from FIG. 12.
  • a cross member 60 is inserted from above at the joint between two building blocks, which is shown here in dashed lines for clarity.
  • the cross member 60 is designed to be thickened in the manner of bearing eyes, these thickened ends 61 being pressed into the corresponding depressions 4 with little play, and thus bracing the joint against one another.
  • a corresponding cylindrical recess 62 is provided in each case in the thickened ends 61.
  • recesses 63 of the same area are provided in the top and bottom of the stacked blocks 1, into which the cross members can be pressed by hand with slight pressure.
  • FIG. 12 shows a side view rotated by 90 ° with a view of a transverse side 3 of the module 1. This shows in particular the central arrangement of the threaded rod 25 for bracing the building blocks 1 in the longitudinal direction L, and the cutouts 63 provided on the top and bottom for inserting the cross members 60.
  • the cross member 60 is shown with the two thickened ends 61 for fitting in the recesses 4.
  • the depression 4 is also each formed by a sleeve 7 at the intersection points of the webs 8 of the module 1.
  • a recess 62 is provided, into each of which the tie rod element 5 (shown here in broken lines) can be inserted from the top.
  • the top of the modules 1 is flattened.
  • the outer surfaces of the cross member 60 are slightly conical, so that the cross member 60 can be inserted with its long sides into the recess 63 and with the outer lateral surface of the thickened ends 61 under slight pressure with an accurate fit in the recesses 4. This not only achieves a clamping of the opposite transverse sides 3, but also an additional increase in the torsional rigidity of the wall surface created.
  • an exact guidance of the tie rod element 5 is achieved when inserted from above, so that the insertion of the screw into the screw head 5a (see FIG. 3) is facilitated.
  • the sleeve 7 forming the recess 4 is only indicated on the right side in dash-dot lines.
  • the fit between the sleeve 7 and the thickened end 61 is selected such that the cross member 60 can be inserted into the recess 4 as a connecting element between two adjacent building blocks 1, so that the two opposite ends, if necessary, with a slight hammer blow Cross sides 3 are braced against each other.
  • the cross member 60 is preferably made of the same material as the building blocks 1, preferably an impact-resistant plastic material with low thermal expansion.
  • the proposed measures can thus create a torsion-resistant wall, roof or ceiling surface even at large temperature differences, which at the joints due to the bracing by means of the vertical tie rod elements 5, offset by 90 °, extending in the longitudinal direction L, horizontal threaded rods 25 and / or the trusses 60 results in a particularly firm bond of the individual building blocks 1.
  • one or more disc springs can also be provided under the screw head 5a of the tie rod element 5, which are supported on the crosspiece 9, which results in a certain stress compensation, provided that the tie rod elements 5 have a material with a significantly different coefficient of thermal expansion than the material block 1 is selected.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)
  • Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)
  • Massaging Devices (AREA)
  • Quick-Acting Or Multi-Walled Pipe Joints (AREA)
EP94114883A 1993-09-21 1994-09-21 Jeu de blocs de construction Expired - Lifetime EP0644302B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9314249U DE9314249U1 (de) 1993-09-21 1993-09-21 Bausteinsystem
DE9314249U 1993-09-21

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0644302A2 true EP0644302A2 (fr) 1995-03-22
EP0644302A3 EP0644302A3 (fr) 1996-04-17
EP0644302B1 EP0644302B1 (fr) 2002-08-21

Family

ID=6898351

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94114883A Expired - Lifetime EP0644302B1 (fr) 1993-09-21 1994-09-21 Jeu de blocs de construction

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0644302B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE222629T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE9314249U1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001086085A1 (fr) * 2000-05-11 2001-11-15 Ter Huurne Andre Structure d'immeuble et elements de construction utilises pour sa construction
EP1379421A4 (fr) * 2001-03-11 2004-08-18 James H Crowell Systeme, structure et procede de construction
US7323510B2 (en) 2000-12-08 2008-01-29 Ashland Licensing And Intellectual Property Llc Method for the production of water-in-water polymer dispersions
ES2336398A1 (es) * 2007-06-06 2010-04-12 Andres Villamarin Mora Ladrillo macizo o visto autocentrable.

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1296004B1 (it) * 1995-02-24 1999-06-03 Gianazza Angelo S P A Mattonella prefabbricata ad incastro in materiale sintetico per la realizzazione di pareti
ITMI20041638A1 (it) * 2004-08-06 2004-11-06 P M Stampi 2 S R L Elemento da costruzione
ITMI20080250A1 (it) * 2008-02-18 2009-08-19 Alfiero Piraccini Elemento modulare per la costruzione di edifici o di parti di edifici, ad elevata semplicita' di posa in opera.

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3088558A (en) * 1958-11-17 1963-05-07 Harvey Aluminum Inc Prefabricated building assembly
BE663336A (fr) * 1964-05-29
DE2201629A1 (de) * 1971-08-16 1973-03-01 Luigi Haringer Vorfabriziertes element zur errichtung von mauern im baukastensystem
US3893274A (en) * 1974-09-09 1975-07-08 Jeffery J Salisbury Masonry fastener
DE2536526A1 (de) * 1975-08-16 1977-02-24 Ingeborg Schwachula Kg Schalungsstein
FR2425512A1 (fr) * 1978-05-12 1979-12-07 Pocard Henri Elements amovibles en beton
DE4017663C2 (de) * 1989-06-10 1999-10-28 Walter Monnet Abzugsschacht und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001086085A1 (fr) * 2000-05-11 2001-11-15 Ter Huurne Andre Structure d'immeuble et elements de construction utilises pour sa construction
US7323510B2 (en) 2000-12-08 2008-01-29 Ashland Licensing And Intellectual Property Llc Method for the production of water-in-water polymer dispersions
EP1379421A4 (fr) * 2001-03-11 2004-08-18 James H Crowell Systeme, structure et procede de construction
ES2336398A1 (es) * 2007-06-06 2010-04-12 Andres Villamarin Mora Ladrillo macizo o visto autocentrable.
ES2336398B1 (es) * 2007-06-06 2011-01-27 Andres Villamarin Mora (1/3) Ladrillo macizo o visto autocentrable.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE222629T1 (de) 2002-09-15
DE59410170D1 (de) 2002-09-26
EP0644302B1 (fr) 2002-08-21
DE9314249U1 (de) 1993-12-02
EP0644302A3 (fr) 1996-04-17

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