EP0657704A1 - Chauffe eau - Google Patents

Chauffe eau Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0657704A1
EP0657704A1 EP94119552A EP94119552A EP0657704A1 EP 0657704 A1 EP0657704 A1 EP 0657704A1 EP 94119552 A EP94119552 A EP 94119552A EP 94119552 A EP94119552 A EP 94119552A EP 0657704 A1 EP0657704 A1 EP 0657704A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
water heater
heater according
pipes
base body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP94119552A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christian Dr.-Ing. Philipp
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE4342121A external-priority patent/DE4342121A1/de
Priority claimed from DE4342120A external-priority patent/DE4342120A1/de
Priority claimed from DE4342119A external-priority patent/DE4342119C2/de
Priority claimed from DE9318956U external-priority patent/DE9318956U1/de
Priority claimed from DE9406498U external-priority patent/DE9406498U1/de
Priority claimed from DE4414776A external-priority patent/DE4414776A1/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0657704A1 publication Critical patent/EP0657704A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/0027—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters using fluid fuel
    • F24H1/0045—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters using fluid fuel with catalytic combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
    • F24H1/26—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body
    • F24H1/28—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body including one or more furnace or fire tubes
    • F24H1/285—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body including one or more furnace or fire tubes with the fire tubes arranged alongside the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/46—Water heaters having plural combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
    • F24H9/001—Guiding means
    • F24H9/0015—Guiding means in water channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
    • F24H9/001—Guiding means
    • F24H9/0026—Guiding means in combustion gas channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/02—Casings; Cover lids; Ornamental panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/12—Arrangements for connecting heaters to circulation pipes
    • F24H9/13—Arrangements for connecting heaters to circulation pipes for water heaters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a water heater.
  • the insulating layer is applied to the outer surface or attached to it or against locally particularly hot parts, such as. B. reset the firebox door.
  • the doors are usually pivotable and locked at the front. When locked, a circumferential web presses against the end wall via a seal.
  • the door, the hinge and the locking elements are designed to be strong in order to apply the pressure required for the seal.
  • Return mixing devices have the task of raising the temperature of the colder return water by adding a portion of the hot supply water to such an extent that a drop below the dew point in the interior of the combustion or exhaust gas side is prevented. It is known to protect the pipes of a water heater from direct contact with the cold return water. With boiler circulation pumps z. B. the return water externally mixed flow water. In other solutions, the pipes are made of multiple layers. These designs are relatively complex. In other solutions, the return water is fed tangentially to the water space. Good mixing is achieved by swirling the water in the water space.
  • a relatively large distance must be provided for the swirl between the tube bundle and the outer wall of the water space. This makes the base body relatively large. It is also known to feed the return water radially into the water space and to guide it over a relatively narrow, saddle-shaped sheet arranged around the pipes. The water hits the pipes in the lower part with only a slightly elevated temperature.
  • Post-combustion facilities are provided to reduce pollution. You can easily put it in the tube as a wire coil or sheet metal strip be inserted. They give off heat to the subsequent cooler unburned gases and promote their combustion.
  • a water heater so that it contains one or two fireboxes and several heating surfaces for flue gas cooling.
  • the burner directed into the combustion chamber supplies the combustion chamber with fuel and air and is operated at intervals or / and in a modulating manner to adapt to the power actually required.
  • the water heaters are usually designed for continuous operation, so that they work in partial load mode with lower efficiency and / or higher pollutant discharge.
  • the object of the invention is to improve the thermal insulation and thereby reduce energy losses and achieve further advantages through the insulation, to provide a lighter door, to facilitate the setting of the pressure on the seal, with simple means an energetically favorable return water mixture and heating to reach and the flue gas pipes against contact with cold return water protect, especially in part-load operation, to increase the efficiency of the water heaters and to reduce the pollutant discharge, to increase the heat transfer area in relation to the volume and to reduce the mass in relation to the heat output, and to specify further means for reducing the environmental impact during heat generation.
  • the insulation surrounding the base body of the water heater as a self-supporting shell and, in the preferred embodiment, the fresh air being supplied through the intermediate space formed in this way.
  • the insulation is less exposed to high temperatures. It is also possible to use temperature-sensitive, good insulating materials, such as foamed plastics in particular. Due to the lower thermal load, the heat losses are lower with the same insulation properties of the insulation. In principle, the "cooling" of the base body by the fresh air supply does not result in any energy losses, since the fresh air absorbs this heat and leads it back into the combustion chamber.
  • the airtight insulation of the base body in connection with an all-round covering up to the chimney and the type of fresh air supply means that any smoke and other gases emitted to the outside from the base body, such as those found in almost every water heater during initial start-up or later Seal aging observed, do not get into the room in which the water heater is located, but are led together with the fresh air into the combustion chamber.
  • the door By arranging additional clamping elements for the seal, the door can be made much lighter than before, since the forces required for sealing no longer have to be applied via the lock.
  • the load on the tensioning elements acting on the seal is not influenced by the weight of the door, the burner and other attachments.
  • the pressure of the seal can be changed without changing the position of the door, burner and lines.
  • the cold return water flowing into the gap between the water chamber jacket and the baffle in the upper part of the water space takes part of the hot flow water with the injector and mixes with it in a relatively long way and absorbs further heat from the baffle. It flows towards the firing side and into the lower part of the water space.
  • the exit velocity of the preheated return water from the gap between the baffle plate and water chamber jacket in the lower part of the water space is preferably approximately the same over the gap length, it has warmed up sufficiently so that the dew point on the combustion or flue gas side is undershot with a single plate and with relative low-loss flow can be avoided.
  • the energy of the airborne sound is broken by the flattened pipe sections which are successively twisted in the direction of the main axis. There is intensive mixing. The heat exchange between the flue gases and the pipe surrounding them and from there to the water in the water space is significantly improved.
  • the tube preferably contains internals which reduce its core cross section or exclude rectilinear flow in the rear part. This further improves the heat exchange.
  • a tube which can be provided with catalyst material, is preferably installed centrally in the first third of the tube. It promotes post-combustion.
  • the catalyst material can be adapted in sections to the temperature and the afterburning can thereby be optimized.
  • the pipe according to the invention is cheaper to produce than corrugated pipes.
  • the distribution of the fuel flow over many burners creates the possibility of a digital water heater heat output change in such a way that the space surrounding the burners can be adapted in terms of firing technology to an almost constant burner output in all operating states.
  • a discreet switching on and off of burners causes a change in the water heater's heating output realized in such a way that the combustion takes place optimally at the combustion points operated in each case, ie with high efficiency and low pollutant discharge.
  • the previously known, mostly large-volume central combustion chamber is no longer required and this space is filled with several pipes with a smaller diameter and thus a larger heat transfer area. This leads to an increase in the heat output related to the water heater volume and mass.
  • the pollutant contents in the flue gas are measured, fed to a computer and in this a pollutant discharge minimization is carried out according to known optimization processes.
  • the constant determination of the emission of pollutants is the basis for the targeted influence with known control engineering means on all parameters influencing the combustion and thus also the pollutant emission.
  • the measurement of different pollutants, their multiplicative connection with weighting factors and the use of the result for the water heater control contributes to a reduction in pollutant emissions and creates a relatively low-pollution environment.
  • the specific environmental impact actually present at the water heater installation site can be taken into account by optionally entering weighting factors for the individual pollutants.
  • optimization can be carried out using means known per se, but also trend phenomena, such as, for example, contamination or wear and, moreover, functional failures can be determined and signaled.
  • FIG. 2 shows the design of a burner or flue gas deflection chamber which can be opened like a door and is generally referred to as a door.
  • a door 19 is articulated on the end wall 17 by means of a hinge 13. Opposite the hinge 13, the door 19 is fastened to the end wall 17 with a lock (not shown).
  • the door 19 On the inside, towards the end wall 17, the door 19 has a web 14 running around between the lock and the hinge 13. It is a short distance from the end wall 17. When the door 19 is locked, the web 14 does not press against the end wall 17. Outside of the web 14 and on the end wall 17 there is a circumferential seal 15.
  • clamping elements 18 for example Screws, spring plate
  • a clamping sleeve 16 pressed against the end wall 17 and the web 14.
  • Insulation 20 for thermal insulation is accommodated within the web 14.
  • a burner 4 is fastened in the middle of the door.
  • FIG. 1 A second embodiment of the door is shown in FIG.
  • the clamping sleeve 16 is fastened to the web 14 and the web 14 itself is designed to be longitudinally elastic with a bellows 21.
  • the clamping sleeve 16 is also braced against the end wall 17.
  • Figures 4 to 6 show the structure of a device for internal water mixing and heating in the water space 25 of the base body 1 of a water heater.
  • the supply and return of the heated or cold water takes place in the rear part of the water space 25.
  • a guide plate 24 is arranged above the pipes 30.
  • the gap between the baffle 24 and the jacket of the water chamber 25 increases towards the firing side.
  • the return water is injected like an injector approximately parallel to the pipes 30 between the guide plate 24 and the jacket of the water space 25. It sucks in relatively warm flow water and mixes with the warm water.
  • FIGS. 7 to 9 show the design of a section of a tube 30 with a jacket 31.
  • the tube 30, which is initially circular in cross-section, is compressed in sections transverse to the axis with an approximately linear pressing tool to approximately 1/4 of its diameter. Between the pressing processes, the tube is rotated by 90 in each case.
  • the cross section of the tube 30 is circular in its front (firing-side) part.
  • a further pipe 32 is installed in this part.
  • the inflowing gases cool down on the jacket 31.
  • the gases flowing through the inner tube 32 cool down much more slowly and can therefore give off heat for a relatively long distance for the afterburning of unburned gases.
  • the inner tube 32 can be provided with catalyst material.
  • the inner tube 32 extends into the portion of the tube 30 which has already been flattened in sections. In the interplay of the narrowing and widening of the tube 30 with respect to itself and the inner tube 32, acoustic energy is broken and already cooled gases are constantly mixed with still warm gases, thereby ensuring good heat transfer from the gases to the jacket 31 and into the water space 25 (shown in Figure 4).
  • Figure 10 shows a section through a water heater.
  • the base body 1 is penetrated in the space 27 to be heated by a plurality of pipes 30, each of which is assigned its own fuel supply device 38.
  • a bulge 34 promotes combustion
  • a turbulator 35 afterburning, surface-enlarging elements 36 heat transfer
  • a corrosion-resistant material 37 protects the tube 30.
  • a measuring device 39 determines the content of pollutants in the flue gas and passes this value on to the computer 40. Optimization with regard to a minimal pollutant discharge is carried out in the computer with known means and by processing further values, and the number of fuel supply devices 38 to be operated and the speed of the fan 8 are controlled. Devices for closing the air passage openings of the non-operated fuel supply devices 38 are sufficiently known and are therefore not shown here, as are the connections to the water space and others.
  • Weighting factors of the individual pollutant measured values can be entered in the computer 40.
  • the products of the measured pollutant value and the weighting factor are formed in the computer 40 added.
  • the individual and total values are stored in the computer 40 together with further values characterizing the boiler operating state.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
EP94119552A 1993-12-10 1994-12-09 Chauffe eau Withdrawn EP0657704A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (12)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4342121A DE4342121A1 (de) 1993-12-10 1993-12-10 Kesseltür
DE4342120A DE4342120A1 (de) 1993-12-10 1993-12-10 Isolierung eines Heizkessels
DE4342119A DE4342119C2 (de) 1993-12-10 1993-12-10 Rauchgasrohr
DE4342121 1993-12-10
DE4342120 1993-12-10
DE9318956U DE9318956U1 (de) 1993-12-10 1993-12-10 Einrichtung zur Rücklaufbeimischung in einem Heizkessel
DE9318956U 1993-12-10
DE4342119 1993-12-10
DE9406498U 1994-04-19
DE9406498U DE9406498U1 (de) 1994-04-19 1994-04-19 Einrichtung zur Minimierung der Schadstoffemission eines Heizkessels
DE4414776A DE4414776A1 (de) 1994-04-19 1994-04-19 Heizkessel
DE4414776 1994-04-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0657704A1 true EP0657704A1 (fr) 1995-06-14

Family

ID=27544679

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94119552A Withdrawn EP0657704A1 (fr) 1993-12-10 1994-12-09 Chauffe eau

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0657704A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0757214A1 (fr) * 1995-08-02 1997-02-05 August Brötje GmbH Générateur de chaleur pour utilisation à des températures basses et procédé pour la mise en oeuvre du générateur de chaleur
DE10350765A1 (de) * 2003-10-30 2005-06-09 Eisenmann Maschinenbau Gmbh & Co. Kg Satz von thermischen Nachverbrennungsvorrichtungen

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE465935C (de) * 1928-09-27 Wilhelm Mathiesen Fluessigkeitserhitzer
GB398494A (en) * 1932-03-04 1933-09-04 Charles Mensforth Pattison Improvements in gas or oil burning apparatus for heating and power purposes
FR1383810A (fr) * 1963-09-13 1965-01-04 Rhodiaceta échangeur thermique tubulaire
GB1168116A (en) * 1966-06-02 1969-10-22 August Broetje Improvements in Boilers
DE3410141A1 (de) * 1984-03-20 1985-10-03 Buderus Ag, 6330 Wetzlar Heizungskessel mit rohrfoermigen heizgaskanaelen
EP0257867A2 (fr) * 1986-08-21 1988-03-02 Beaumont(U.K.) Limited Appareil de chauffage d'eau avec des tubes verticaux
AT387450B (de) * 1986-03-06 1989-01-25 Stelrad Radiatoren & Kessel Brennerbefeuerter heizungskessel
DE3832323A1 (de) * 1988-09-23 1990-03-29 Omnical Gmbh Wasserseitiger anschluss eines zentralheizungskessels
EP0512220A1 (fr) * 1991-05-02 1992-11-11 Mayr, Manfred Chaudière pour chauffage central à brûleur soufflant à huile ou à gaz et pour usage à température basse

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE465935C (de) * 1928-09-27 Wilhelm Mathiesen Fluessigkeitserhitzer
GB398494A (en) * 1932-03-04 1933-09-04 Charles Mensforth Pattison Improvements in gas or oil burning apparatus for heating and power purposes
FR1383810A (fr) * 1963-09-13 1965-01-04 Rhodiaceta échangeur thermique tubulaire
GB1168116A (en) * 1966-06-02 1969-10-22 August Broetje Improvements in Boilers
DE3410141A1 (de) * 1984-03-20 1985-10-03 Buderus Ag, 6330 Wetzlar Heizungskessel mit rohrfoermigen heizgaskanaelen
AT387450B (de) * 1986-03-06 1989-01-25 Stelrad Radiatoren & Kessel Brennerbefeuerter heizungskessel
EP0257867A2 (fr) * 1986-08-21 1988-03-02 Beaumont(U.K.) Limited Appareil de chauffage d'eau avec des tubes verticaux
DE3832323A1 (de) * 1988-09-23 1990-03-29 Omnical Gmbh Wasserseitiger anschluss eines zentralheizungskessels
EP0512220A1 (fr) * 1991-05-02 1992-11-11 Mayr, Manfred Chaudière pour chauffage central à brûleur soufflant à huile ou à gaz et pour usage à température basse

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0757214A1 (fr) * 1995-08-02 1997-02-05 August Brötje GmbH Générateur de chaleur pour utilisation à des températures basses et procédé pour la mise en oeuvre du générateur de chaleur
DE10350765A1 (de) * 2003-10-30 2005-06-09 Eisenmann Maschinenbau Gmbh & Co. Kg Satz von thermischen Nachverbrennungsvorrichtungen
DE10350765B4 (de) * 2003-10-30 2005-12-29 Eisenmann Maschinenbau Gmbh & Co. Kg Satz von thermischen Nachverbrennungsvorrichtungen

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