Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
  • G21B—FUSION REACTORS
  • G21B3/00—Low temperature nuclear fusion reactors, e.g. alleged cold fusion reactors
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
  • Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors

Definitions

• This invention relates to the field of excess enthalpy production by so-called Cold Fusion as disclosed by electrochemistry Professors Martin Fleischmann, F.R.S. and Stanley Pons on March 23, 1989; it particularly concerns an empirical improvement of their process published by Dr. Randell L. Mills and S. P. Kneizys in Fusion Technology, Vol. 20 (March 1991), No. 1, pp.
• Lattice in which he develops a quantum-mechanical model of deuterons in a host lattice in which the totality of positive and negative charges in the lattice (from both bound positive nuclei and bound and free lattice electrons) interact in such a manner that the net forces on a bound deuterium pair can be approximated as that of a quantized harmonic oscillator.
• the potential tends to a constant function of r [as r tends to zero] rather than 1/r, if r denotes the distance between a pair of bound deuterons.
• the electrical double-layer at the lattice-electrolyte interface will contain a distribution of deuterons of different kinetic energies, some of which will have the [Duane Rule] linear momentum of e.g. 5.1 eV, which is sufficient to allow free translation within the periodic lattice.
• the [Duane Rule] linear momentum of e.g. 5.1 eV which is sufficient to allow free translation within the periodic lattice.
• Bass's QRT such a deuteron can exchange linear momentum with a Schwinger oscillator, bringing it to its 41st quantum level above the zero point, in which the amplitude of the oscillations is so large that the deuterons almost touch, and the short-range nuclear force ensures fusion.
• Mills __ Kneizys claim easy replicability of production of large amounts of macroscopic heat energy from a periodically electrically-pulsed cell containing potassium carbonate dissolved in ordinary water and in contact with a solid nickel cathode.
• Mills and Kneizys have given the world a scientific/technological treasure of inestimable value, we believe that it has the value of an empirical discovery rather than a scientific advance. This is because we cannot accept the Mills-Farrell novel chemistry (The Grand Unified Theory, Science Press, Ephrata, PA) which is used by Mills & Kneizys to "explain" the MK phenomenon. Briefly, they reject
• the very foundation of the MK technology is to use sodium carbonate as an inoperable blank in comparison to the operable use of potassium carbonate. But when we constructed a cell of enhanced efficiency, the "blank" using sodium turned out to be twice as useful as the MK-recommended use of potassium.
• the new TRM model' of B92 predicts that we can replace potassium carbonate by rubidium carbonate and then, in addition to the measurement of excess heat, we can measure the creation of excess strontium. We have actually done this.
• cell 49 we measured the creation of (3.2 ⁇ 0.4) micrograms of strontium, which according to conventional nuclear physics should have produced (37 +.17) kJ of excess heat, while we actually measured (37 + 6) kJ of excess heat.
• TRINT Transmission Resonance Induced Nuclear Transmutation
• Figure 2 depicts the electronic control and data recording system used in connection with the embodiment of Figure 1.
• thermocouples T 1; T 2 , T 3 , T 4
• electronic data monitoring and control system 190 electronic signal transmission lines 200 electrolytic cell (05 - 80, 100 - 110, 130 -
• the coolant fluid 05 fills a double-walled container 10 provided with an inlet 20 and an outlet 30.
• the container 10 contains an electrolyte 40 which can be stirred by teflon coated magnetic stirrer 50.
• the container is closed by a teflon coated stopper 60 and the interior surface of the container is coated with a teflon coating 70.
• the recombiner catalyst 80 causes oxygen and hydrogen gases evolved by the electrolysis process to recombine as liquid water and then (by gravity) to return to the electrolyte 40.
• Electrical current conductor 90 conducts current away from annular porous metallic cathode 100.
• Rodlike solid metallic anode 110 fits in the interior of the cathode 100.
• Current conductor 120 conducts current into the anode 110.
• Evolved gases 130 rise above electrolyte 40 and fill the space between electrolyte 40 and stopper 60.
• Pressure regulator and isolator 140 opens into the space filled by evolved gases 130.
• Thermocouples 150 monitor various temperatures; Tl near the bottom of the electrolyte 40, T2 near the top of electrolyte 40, T4 at coolant inlet 20 and T3 at coolant outlet 30.
• the current regulation system 160 could be a separate system but in the presently preferred embodiment is one function of the computer 230.
• the coolant flow regulation system 170 is a mechanical subsystem of the combined cell and cooling system 200. System 170 can function autonomously if it has its own control computer, or it can be operated by control computer 180 through a signal line 190 if it is not autonomous.
• the electronic data monitoring and control system 180 could be a separate system but in the presently preferred embodiment is one function of the computer 230.
• Electrolytic cell 200 comprises the components 05-80, 100-110, 130-140, and 170.
• the 32-channel multiplexer 210 connects the thermocouples with the controller 230 via an 8-port A to D converter 220.
• the controller 230 is a digital computer which functions both as a current regulation system 160 and as a data monitoring and control system 180.
• An IEEE bus 240 connects the controller 230 with the dual display multimeter 250 which acts as the input power regulation system by controlling both the voltage and the current to the conductor 120 to the anode and completing the closed circuit with the conductor 90 from the cathode.
• Figures 1 and 2 is a Proof of Principle embodiment. This is not a planned or hypothetical embodiment but a depiction of an embodiment which has been reduced to actual practice, which produced the results mentioned above and which is reported in greater detail in the peer-reviewed archive journal publication B92.
• the presently disclosed process can be enhanced both by known techniques of power production systems and by the techniques disclosed by us in our co-pending application "Method and Apparatus for Energy Production Using Cold Nuclear Fusion” (Application Number 07/352,853, filed May 15, 1989) and its continuation-in-part “Method and Apparatus for Energy Production Using Cold Nuclear Fusion with a Lithium Deuteroxide Electrolyte” (Application Number 07/446,615, filed December 6, 1989).
• the elementary closed-loop control system presently disclosed can be enhanced both by known techniques of automatic control system technology and the techniques disclosed by us and co-inventors Robert W. Bass, Jay A. Blauer, Alfred Fermelia, Stephen J. Pike, and Herbert E.
• the cold fusion cell and cooling system 200 is operated by means of a closed-loop control system 180 which in the presently preferred embodiment is one function of the digital computer or controller 230.
• control system 180 computes actuation commands sent via signal transmission lines 190 to current regulation system 160 and to coolant flow regulation system 170.
• Coolant flow regulation system 170 regulates the rate of flow of coolant 05 out of outlet 30 and into inlet 20.
• the rate of heat production P h inside container 10 can be measured continuously.
• electrolysis of electrolyte 40 separates this aqueous solution into gaseous molecular oxygen at anode 110 and (isotopic) molecular hydrogen at cathode 100, which gases bubble up into space 130 between electrolyte 40 and stopper 60.
• Recombiner catalyst 80 causes the (isotopic) hydrogen and oxygen to combine into (isotopic) water, which by gravity eventually returns to the electrolyte 40.
• the cold fusion reaction takes place on the surface of, or inside the metallic lattice of the cathode 100.
• the electrolyte 40 consists of ordinary water within which there is dissolved sodium carbonate.
• TRINT Transmission Resonance Induced Nuclear Transmutation
• TRINT Transmission Resonance Induced Nuclear Transmutation
• the existence of TRINT was unsuspected until the discovery of the FP phenomenon. Even if TRINT had remained confined to use of heavy water only, it had the potential of providing civilization with limitless, cheap, non-polluting energy.
• the empirical discovery of the MK phenomenon opened the door to enormous simplification by use of ordinary water instead of heavy water.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=25282450

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Families Citing this family (6)

Family Cites Families (11)

• 1993
  • 1993-02-17 CA CA002134118A patent/CA2134118A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1993-02-17 AU AU37760/93A patent/AU3776093A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1993-02-17 WO PCT/US1993/001615 patent/WO1993017437A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 1993-02-17 EP EP93907000A patent/EP0658268A1/de not_active Withdrawn

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events