EP0664877A1 - Sabot with controlled separation of segments for sub-calibre projectiles - Google Patents

Sabot with controlled separation of segments for sub-calibre projectiles

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Publication number
EP0664877A1
EP0664877A1 EP94924336A EP94924336A EP0664877A1 EP 0664877 A1 EP0664877 A1 EP 0664877A1 EP 94924336 A EP94924336 A EP 94924336A EP 94924336 A EP94924336 A EP 94924336A EP 0664877 A1 EP0664877 A1 EP 0664877A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
launcher
sub
annular chamber
elements
projectile
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94924336A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0664877B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Claude Sauvestre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0664877A1 publication Critical patent/EP0664877A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0664877B1 publication Critical patent/EP0664877B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B14/00—Projectiles or missiles characterised by arrangements for guiding or sealing them inside barrels, or for lubricating or cleaning barrels
    • F42B14/06—Sub-calibre projectiles having sabots; Sabots therefor
    • F42B14/061—Sabots for long rod fin stabilised kinetic energy projectiles, i.e. multisegment sabots attached midway on the projectile
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B14/00—Projectiles or missiles characterised by arrangements for guiding or sealing them inside barrels, or for lubricating or cleaning barrels
    • F42B14/06—Sub-calibre projectiles having sabots; Sabots therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to ammunition for small, medium and large caliber weapons, and more particularly an improved launcher with controlled separation of elements, for ammunition of the type comprising an undersized bullet and a launcher, in particular for hunting weapons.
  • ammunition with a sub-calibrated projectile associates a sub-projectile and a launcher whose essential function is to propel the sub-projectile at the desired speed.
  • the launching techniques frequently used currently use a launcher formed from two or more elements surrounding the sub-projectile.
  • the elements of the launcher assembled together in contiguous planes by a locking system, can be made of metal alloys or plastic. After firing, the aerody ⁇ namic forces exerted on the projectile at the exit of the weapon cause the separation of the elements of the launcher, from the front to the rear, thus releasing the sub-projectile.
  • This separation of the launcher can be accelerated if the projectile is driven by a low speed of rotation, resulting for example from the use of a weapon with a rifled tube.
  • patent FR-A-2,555,728 describes an ammunition for a hunting weapon comprising a sub-calibrated projectile stabilized by empennage, comprising a tapered bullet of dense alloy and a launcher made of plastic material.
  • the patent FR-A-2,606,500 relates to a munition providing a high initial speed and limiting the violence of the recoil shock, constituted by an undersized bullet and a launcher of the caliber of the weapon, comprising an open external annular chamber, separated from the propellant charge by a partition liable to rupture under the pressure of the gases generated by the combustion of the charge, and only delimited towards the outside by the wall of the cartridge case.
  • This device has the advantage of reducing the recoil shock felt by the shooter, and, at equal pressure, of increasing the initial speed of the projectile.
  • the present invention relates to a device comprising a launcher associated with a sub-projectile, providing a high initial speed while limiting the impact of recoil, and causing an opening from the rear to the front of the elements of the launcher, ensuring rapid and controlled ejection of its elements by the combined effects of aerodynamic forces and the expansion of the propellant gases.
  • the launcher according to the present invention is therefore suitable for ammunition of the type comprising a sub-projectile, in particular a sub-calibrated bullet, and a launcher made of several detachable elements, adapting to the sub-projectile, and it distinguishes in that it comprises, in the immediate vicinity of its rear part, a wall forming, with the surface of the sub-projectile, an inner annular chamber separated from the propellant charge by a deformable or breakable partition.
  • the separation of the elements of the launcher does not cause practically any disturbance on the under-calibrated ball, because the elements of the launcher do not bear on the under-calibrated ball.
  • the ballistic dispersion of the sub-calibrated bullet is reduced, and the accuracy of the shot is therefore improved.
  • the separation or the ejection of the elements of the launcher is controlled and controlled, which improves safety.
  • the launcher elements do not interfere with the stabilization of the undersized ball during separation.
  • the device according to the present invention is applicable in all ammunition, of small, medium or large caliber, of the type comprising an under-calibrated projectile, for example an under-calibrated bullet, and a launcher made up of at least two detachable elements, in the field of hunting, sporting or war weapons, and preferably in that of hunting weapons.
  • This device is inserted in an assembly constituted by a cartridge, which consists of - an primed socket; a charge of propellant powder; a full bullet including a caliber pitcher and an undersized bullet.
  • the launcher comprises several detachable elements, and preferably two elements, of cylindrical shape adapting at least in part to the external shape of the sub-cali ⁇ brée ball. When assembled on the undersized bale, these elements are joined together and form a cylinder which is secured to the socket by at least part of its outer surface.
  • Each element of the launcher can itself be divided into several sub-elements along the longitudinal axis of the ball.
  • the launcher can be produced according to conventional techniques, in metal alloy or in plastic material presenting the required physical properties, for example nylon.
  • the sub-calibrated bullet is preferably an arrow bullet of known type, stabilized by empennage, and made of metal or metallic alloy, of mixed metallic organic alloy, or also of reinforced plastic in the case of the drive muni ⁇ tions.
  • the inner annular chamber provided in accordance with the invention in the rear part of the launcher is preferably a closed chamber, when the elements are assembled and placed on the sub-calibrated ball.
  • the interior annular chamber can be partially open, and include for example an opening directed towards the rear of the ball.
  • the interior annular chamber is delimited on its rear part by a deformable or breakable partition which separates it from the charge of propellant powder contained in the socket of the complete bullet. This partition is designed so as to deform or break under the pressure of the propellant gases immediately after igniting the powder. This result can be obtained simply by reducing the thickness of the partition in a determined area, or by an appropriate groove, so as to weaken the partition.
  • the internal annular chamber according to the invention can be combined with an external annular chamber of known type, as described for example in patent FR-A-2,606,500, and located immediately near the inner annular chamber, in the rear part of the launcher.
  • the gases exert increasing pressure over the entire rear surface of the complete bale, and in particular on the partition separating the inner annular chamber.
  • this cloi ⁇ its deforms or breaks according to the boundaries prati ⁇ ced by means of a thickness reduction or a groove, and the propellant gases then enter the inner annular chamber.
  • the forces exerted on the sub-calibrated bullet and the launcher are the following the forces of relaxation Pb of the propellant gases trapped in the annular chamber, between the external surface of the bullet sub-calibrated and the launcher, which have the effect of spreading the elements of the launcher from rear to front; the forces related to the aerodynamic pressure Pa exerted on the head of the body of the ball, which tend to open the elements of the launcher from the front;
  • the separation of the elements of the launcher is then carried out from the rear towards 1 'before.
  • the front part situated at the front of the elements of the launcher is arranged slightly projecting from the head of the sub-calibrated bullet. This results, during the separation of the elements and the sub-calibrated ball, a rocking movement which facilitates the separation of the rear part of the launcher elements, from the rear towards the front.
  • the device according to the present invention has many advantages over the known technique.
  • the shocks of "separation" of the launcher at the exit of the barrel of the weapon are very weak, because the elements of the launcher do not bear on the sub-calibrated bullet during their movement of separation. This makes it possible to reduce as much as possible the disturbances that the under-calibrated ball could undergo at the start of the trajectory.
  • the device of the invention improves the ballistic dispersion of the sub-calibrated ball.
  • the tests carried out have shown that this reduction may be approximately 20% compared to a known type of arrow bullet with a launcher such as that described in patent FR-A-2,555,728.
  • the control and control of the separation and / or the ejection of the elements of the launcher facilitates the adjustment of the opening cone of these elements by the usual means.
  • the tests carried out on balls equipped with the device of the present invention have shown that by varying the forces linked to the aerodynamic pressure Pa, the aerodynamic forces Fa and the forces generated by the expansion of the propellant gases Pb, a variation of the opening cone of the elements of the launcher is obtained between approximately 10 ° and 35 °.
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible to use a tailplane with a high span, without causing interference between the elements of the launcher and the stabilizer during the separation of the elements.
  • the device of the invention also has the advantage of being compatible with the device with an open external annular chamber described in patent FR-A-2,606,500, and in this case, in addition to the advantages indicated above, also obtains a marked reduction in the recoil shock felt by the shooter, as well as an increase in the initial speed of the bullet, at equal pressure.
  • Figure 1 a half-section view of a complete bullet according to the invention, comprising an undersized bullet and a launcher.
  • Figure 2 a half-section view showing the position of the launcher in place on the undersized ball.
  • Figure 3 a half front view showing the rear part of the launcher in Figure 2.
  • Figure 4 a half-view in elevation showing the position of an element of the launcher relative to the sub-calibrated ball, during separation.
  • Figure 5 a partial view, in section, of an alternative embodiment of the annular launcher chamber.
  • the cartridge (1) shown in FIG. 1, includes a primed socket (2), a charge of propellant powder (3), as well as the complete bullet constituted by the sub-cali ⁇ bred bullet (4), and the launcher ( 5) into two identical elements which are symmetrically disposed relative to the longitudinal axis of the ball, and which can be separated longitudinally.
  • the launcher (5) has on its internal face, teeth (6) cooperating with circular grooves (7) formed on the surface of the sub-calibrated ball (4) facilitating the positioning of the launcher and ensuring the mechanical strength of the assembly during the launching phase, in the barrel of the weapon.
  • the launcher (5) On its outer surface, the launcher (5) has annular grooves (8) intended to ensure good sealing during the launch phase, by playing the role of decompression grooves. These annular grooves (8) also have the effect of limiting the friction surface in the tube, and allowing the use of heavily choked weapons. As shown more clearly in Figure 2, the launcher has in its rear part an outer groove (9) of triangular section and very elongated, to ensure the flexibility of the part (10) to the passage of the choke of the tube.
  • the rear part of the launcher (5) also comprises, at its rear face (11), a partition (12), which delimits, with the internal face of the part (10) and the surface of the ball under calibrated (4), an inner annular chamber (13) of substantially trapezoidal section.
  • the partition (12) comprises zones of reduced thickness forming lunules (14) of rounded shape shown in FIG. 3. these lunules, of less resistance than the other parts of the launcher (5), are deformed and broken during the rise in pressure of the propellant gases, which then penetrate into the interior annular chamber (13). The trigger force thus created is exerted on the inner face of the part (10) and tends to push outwardly the entire launcher.
  • the front part (15) of the launcher (5) shown in FIG.
  • the sub-calibrated bullet (4) consists of a bullet body (19), for example made of lead alloy, and of a tail part (20) which can be made of plastic.
  • the body (19) of the sub-calibrated bullet has circular grooves (7), formed perpendicular to the axis of the bullet (4), cooperating with the teeth (6) of the launcher (5).
  • the head (21) of the bullet body (19) is of appreciably biconical shape, and is placed slightly behind the central face (18) of the launcher (5).
  • the tail part (20) fixed to the rear of the bullet body (19) comprises the tail (22) provided with four wings formed on the tail body (23).
  • the latter comprises a cylindrical rib (24) of outside diameter equal to the inside diameter of the partition (12) comprising the lunules (14), so that, when the launcher (5) is placed on the ball under - calibrated (4) in the cartridge, a good seal is ensured between the launcher (5) and the inner wall of the sleeve (2) on the one hand, and between the launcher (5) and the sub-calibrated bullet (4) at the interface between the partition (12) and the cylindrical rib (24) on the other hand.
  • An external circular recess (25) in front of the rib (24) in the tail body (23) allows, in this embodiment, to increase the volume of the annular chamber (13).
  • the tail body has still a second cylindrical rib (26) having a shoulder (27) cooperating with the first external tooth (28) of the launcher (5).
  • the partition (12) having been pushed back by the expansion of the propellant gases, the elements of the launcher (5) separate from the sub-calibrated bullet (4), at the outlet of the barrel of the weapon , in a tilting movement from the rear to the front, under the action of the forces of expansion of the propellant gases Pb in the annular chamber (13) which is greater than the sum of the aerodynamic forces Fa exerted on the part front (15) of the launcher (5) and forces related to the aerodynamic pressure Pa exerted in the cavity formed by the biconical head (21) of the ball (4) and the central face (18) of the launcher (5) .
  • the variant embodiment shown in FIG. 5 shows the combination of the interior annular chamber (13) with an exterior annular chamber (29).
  • the partition (12) is of low height, and is extended, on the other side of the rear part (10), by a second partition (30) delimiting the outer annular chamber (29).
  • This annular chamber (29) is open to the outside. This opening is masked by the wall of the casing before firing, then by the interior wall of the barrel of the weapon in the first phase of launching.
  • the partition (30) is broken at the same time as the partition (12) by the rise in pressure of the propellant gases.
  • the front part of the elements of the launcher (5) can present a shape different from that shown in Figure (2), depending on the desired effects, according to known techniques.
  • the invention has been described with reference to a hunting ball. It applies of course in the same way to all small, medium or large caliber ammunition.

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Abstract

The invention relates to ammunition of the type comprising a sub-calibre projectile and a launcher in several detachable elements adapted to the sub-calibre projectile. The launcher comprises, in the immediate vicinity of its rear portion, a wall which forms together with the surface of the sub-calibre projectile (4) an internal annular chamber (13) separated from the propulsive charge by a deformable or breakable partition wall (12) presenting a reduction of thickness in a predetermined area, or a groove, so as to weaken said partition wall, and an external elongate groove (9) of triangular cross-section, separated from the internal annular chamber (12) by a simple wall. Application to ammunition for arms of small, medium or large calibre.

Description

SABOT A SEPARATION CONTROLEE DES ELEMENTS POUR PROJECTILES SOUS-CALIBRES SHOE WITH CONTROLLED SEPARATION OF ELEMENTS FOR UNDER-CALIBRATED PROJECTILES

La présente invention concerne les munitions pour armes de petit, moyen et gros calibre, et plus particulièrement un lanceur perfectionné à séparation contrôlée d'éléments, pour munitions du type comportant une balle sous-calibrée et un lanceur, notamment pour armes de chasse.The present invention relates to ammunition for small, medium and large caliber weapons, and more particularly an improved launcher with controlled separation of elements, for ammunition of the type comprising an undersized bullet and a launcher, in particular for hunting weapons.

Dans le domaine de l'armement, on connaît les munitions à projectile sous-calibré associant un sous-projectile et un lanceur dont la fonction essentielle est de propulser le sous- projectile à la vitesse désirée. Les techniques de lancement fréquemment employées actuel¬ lement utilisent un lanceur formé de deux ou plusieurs éléments entourant le sous-projectile. Les éléments du lanceur, assemblés entre eux à plans jointifs par un système de verrouillage, peuvent être réalisés en alliages métalliques ou en matière plastique. Après mise à feu, les forces aérody¬ namiques qui s'exercent sur le projectile à la sortie de l'arme provoquent la séparation des éléments du lanceur, de l'avant vers l'arrière, libérant ainsi le sous-projectile. Cette séparation du lanceur peut être accélérée si le projec- tile est animé d'une faible vitesse de rotation, résultant par exemple de l'utilisation d'une arme à tube rayé. Les éléments du lanceur, après séparation, suivent chacun une trajectoire propre et tombent à des distances variables de l'arme.In the field of armaments, we know that ammunition with a sub-calibrated projectile associates a sub-projectile and a launcher whose essential function is to propel the sub-projectile at the desired speed. The launching techniques frequently used currently use a launcher formed from two or more elements surrounding the sub-projectile. The elements of the launcher, assembled together in contiguous planes by a locking system, can be made of metal alloys or plastic. After firing, the aerody¬ namic forces exerted on the projectile at the exit of the weapon cause the separation of the elements of the launcher, from the front to the rear, thus releasing the sub-projectile. This separation of the launcher can be accelerated if the projectile is driven by a low speed of rotation, resulting for example from the use of a weapon with a rifled tube. The elements of the launcher, after separation, each follow their own trajectory and fall at varying distances from the weapon.

Par exemple, le brevet FR-A-2.555.728 décrit une munition pour arme de chasse comportant un projectile sous-calibré stabilisé par empennage, comportant une balle effilée en alliage dense et un lanceur en matière plastique.For example, patent FR-A-2,555,728 describes an ammunition for a hunting weapon comprising a sub-calibrated projectile stabilized by empennage, comprising a tapered bullet of dense alloy and a launcher made of plastic material.

Cependant, cette technique de lancement, avec séparation du lanceur de l'avant vers l'arrière, présente plusieurs inconvénients. Tout d'abord, la balistique des éléments du lanceur n'est pas contrôlée, et peut par conséquent présenter un risque pour les personnes se trouvant à proximité du tireur. D'autre part, la séparation des éléments du lanceur peut perturber la trajectoire du sous-projectile, en prenant appui sur celui-ci lors de la séparation; il en résulte une plus grande dispersion balistique du sous-projectile. Les brevets FR-A-2.599.828 et FR-A-2.606.500 décrivent des balles de chasse du type comportant un sous-projectile et un lanceur en plusieurs éléments détachables, dont les carac¬ téristiques sont améliorées. Ainsi, le brevet FR-A-2.599.828 décrit une balle à grande stabilité sur trajectoire, et procu¬ rant donc une bonne précision de tir, mais se déstabilisant au-delà d'une certaine distance.However, this launching technique, with separation of the launcher from front to rear, has several drawbacks. First of all, the ballistics of the elements of the launcher are not controlled, and can consequently present a risk for the people being in the vicinity of the shooter. On the other hand, the separation of the elements of the launcher can disturb the trajectory of the sub-projectile, by resting on it during the separation; this results in greater ballistic dispersion of the sub-projectile. The patents FR-A-2,599,828 and FR-A-2,606,500 describe hunting bullets of the type comprising a sub-projectile and a launcher made of several detachable elements, the characteristics of which are improved. Thus, patent FR-A-2,599,828 describes a bullet with great stability on trajectory, and therefore providing good shooting precision, but destabilizing beyond a certain distance.

Le brevet FR-A-2.606.500 concerne une munition procurant une vitesse initiale élevée et limitant la violence du choc de recul, constituée par une balle sous-calibrée et un lanceur au calibre de l'arme, comportant une chambre annulaire externe ouverte, séparée de la charge propulsive par une cloison susceptible de se rompre sous la pression des gaz engendrés par la combustion de la charge, et seulement délimitée vers l'extérieur par la paroi de la douille de la cartouche. Ce dispositif présente l'avantage de réduire le choc de recul ressenti par le tireur, et, à pression égale, d'augmenter la vitesse initiale du projectile.The patent FR-A-2,606,500 relates to a munition providing a high initial speed and limiting the violence of the recoil shock, constituted by an undersized bullet and a launcher of the caliber of the weapon, comprising an open external annular chamber, separated from the propellant charge by a partition liable to rupture under the pressure of the gases generated by the combustion of the charge, and only delimited towards the outside by the wall of the cartridge case. This device has the advantage of reducing the recoil shock felt by the shooter, and, at equal pressure, of increasing the initial speed of the projectile.

Cependant, cette chambre de détente annulaire externe ne permet pas de modifier le sens d'ouverture, de l'avant vers l'arrière, des éléments du lanceur lors de la séparation à la sortie de l'arme, mais au contraire, le risque de perturbation de la trajectoire de la balle lors de la séparation des éléments du lanceur peut se trouver accru. Le brevet US-A-5.182.419 décrit un sous projectile associé à un sabot de lancement monobloc, pour arme de guerre à canon rayé montée sur un avion. Le but de ce dispositif est de maintenir le sabot de lancement sur une trajectoire stable pour éviter tout choc avec les réacteurs de l'avion, après séparation du sous-projectile.However, this external annular expansion chamber does not make it possible to modify the direction of opening, from front to rear, of the elements of the launcher during the separation at the exit of the weapon, but on the contrary, the risk disruption of the trajectory of the ball during the separation of the elements of the launcher can be increased. US-A-5,182,419 describes a sub-projectile associated with a one-piece launching shoe, for a rifle of war with a rifled barrel mounted on an airplane. The purpose of this device is to maintain the launch pad on a stable trajectory to avoid any impact with the aircraft reactors, after separation of the sub-projectile.

La présente invention a pour objet un dispositif compre¬ nant un lanceur associé à un sous-projectile, procurant une vitesse initiale élevée tout en limitant le choc de recul, et provoquant une ouverture de 1 'arrière vers 1'avant des éléments du lanceur, assurant une éjection rapide et contrôlée de ses éléments par les effets conjugués des forces aérodyna¬ miques et de la détente des gaz de propulsion. Le lanceur selon la présente invention, est donc adapté aux munitions du type comportant un sous-projectile, en parti¬ culier une balle sous-calibrée, et un lanceur en plusieurs éléments détachables, s'adaptant sur le sous-projectile, et il se distingue en ce qu'il comporte, au voisinage immédiat de sa partie arrière, une paroi formant, avec la surface du sous- projectile, une chambre annulaire intérieure séparée de la charge propulsive par une cloison deformable ou cassable.The present invention relates to a device comprising a launcher associated with a sub-projectile, providing a high initial speed while limiting the impact of recoil, and causing an opening from the rear to the front of the elements of the launcher, ensuring rapid and controlled ejection of its elements by the combined effects of aerodynamic forces and the expansion of the propellant gases. The launcher according to the present invention is therefore suitable for ammunition of the type comprising a sub-projectile, in particular a sub-calibrated bullet, and a launcher made of several detachable elements, adapting to the sub-projectile, and it distinguishes in that it comprises, in the immediate vicinity of its rear part, a wall forming, with the surface of the sub-projectile, an inner annular chamber separated from the propellant charge by a deformable or breakable partition.

Le dispositif conforme à la présente invention procure les avantages suivants :The device according to the present invention provides the following advantages:

- la séparation des éléments du lanceur n'entraîne pratiquement aucune perturbation sur la balle sous-calibrée, car les éléments du lanceur ne prennent pas appui sur la balle sous-calibrée. - la dispersion balistique de la balle sous-calibrée se trouve diminuée, et la précision du tir est donc améliorée. la séparation ou l'éjection des éléments du lanceur se trouve maîtrisée et contrôlée, ce qui améliore la sécurité.- the separation of the elements of the launcher does not cause practically any disturbance on the under-calibrated ball, because the elements of the launcher do not bear on the under-calibrated ball. - the ballistic dispersion of the sub-calibrated bullet is reduced, and the accuracy of the shot is therefore improved. the separation or the ejection of the elements of the launcher is controlled and controlled, which improves safety.

- les éléments du lanceur n'interfèrent pas avec l'em- pennage de la balle sous-calibrée lors de la séparation.- the launcher elements do not interfere with the stabilization of the undersized ball during separation.

Le dispositif conforme à la présente invention est applicable dans toutes munitions, de petit, moyen ou gros calibre, du type comportant un projectile sous-calibré, par exemple une balle sous-calibrée, et un lanceur constitué d'au moins deux éléments détachables, dans le domaine des armes de chasse, de sport ou de guerre, et de préférence dans celui des armes de chasse.The device according to the present invention is applicable in all ammunition, of small, medium or large caliber, of the type comprising an under-calibrated projectile, for example an under-calibrated bullet, and a launcher made up of at least two detachable elements, in the field of hunting, sporting or war weapons, and preferably in that of hunting weapons.

Ce dispositif est inséré dans un ensemble constitué par une cartouche, qui se compose de - une douille amorcée; une charge de poudre propulsive; une balle complète comprenant un lanceur au calibre et une balle sous-calibrée.This device is inserted in an assembly constituted by a cartridge, which consists of - an primed socket; a charge of propellant powder; a full bullet including a caliber pitcher and an undersized bullet.

Le lanceur comprend plusieurs éléments détachables, et de préférence deux éléments, de forme cylindrique s 'adaptant au moins en partie à la forme extérieure de la balle sous-cali¬ brée. Lorsqu'ils sont assemblés sur la balle sous-calibrée, ces éléments sont jointifs entre eux et forment un cylindre qui est solidarisé avec la douille par au moins une partie de sa surface extérieure. Chacun des éléments du lanceur peut être lui-même divisé en plusieurs sous-éléments suivant l'axe longitudinal de la balle. Le lanceur peut être réalisé suivant les techniques clas¬ siques, en alliage métallique ou en matière plastique présen¬ tant les propriétés physiques requises, par exemple en nylon.The launcher comprises several detachable elements, and preferably two elements, of cylindrical shape adapting at least in part to the external shape of the sub-cali¬ brée ball. When assembled on the undersized bale, these elements are joined together and form a cylinder which is secured to the socket by at least part of its outer surface. Each element of the launcher can itself be divided into several sub-elements along the longitudinal axis of the ball. The launcher can be produced according to conventional techniques, in metal alloy or in plastic material presenting the required physical properties, for example nylon.

La balle sous-calibrée est de préférence une balle flèche de type connu, stabilisée par empennage, et réalisée en métal ou alliage métallique, en alliage mixte organique métallique, ou encore en matière plastique renforcée dans le cas des muni¬ tions d'entraînement.The sub-calibrated bullet is preferably an arrow bullet of known type, stabilized by empennage, and made of metal or metallic alloy, of mixed metallic organic alloy, or also of reinforced plastic in the case of the drive muni¬ tions.

La chambre annulaire intérieure prévue conformément à l'invention dans la partie arrière du lanceur, est de préfé- rence une chambre fermée, quand les éléments sont assemblés et mis en place sur la balle sous-calibrée. Suivant une forme de réalisation, cependant, la chambre annulaire intérieure peut être partiellement ouverte, et comporter par exemple une ouverture dirigée vers l'arrière de la balle. Comme indiqué ci-dessus, la chambre annulaire intérieure est délimitée sur sa partie arrière par une cloison deformable ou cassable qui la sépare de la charge de poudre propulsive contenue dans la douille de la balle complète. Cette cloison est conçue de manière à se déformer ou se casser sous la pres- sion des gaz propulsifs immédiatement après la mise à feu de la poudre. Ce résultat peut être obtenu simplement par une réduction de l'épaisseur de la cloison dans une zone détermi¬ née, ou par une rainure appropriée, de manière à fragiliser la cloison. Conformément à une forme de réalisation de l'invention, il peut être avantageux de prévoir dans la partie arrière du lanceur, une gorge extérieure de section triangulaire et très allongée, séparée de la chambre annulaire intérieure par une simple paroi. Suivant une variante de réalisation, la chambre annulaire intérieure conforme à 1 ' invention peut être combinée à une chambre annulaire externe de type connu, telle que décrit par exemple dans le brevet FR-A-2.606.500, et située immédiatement à proximité de la chambre annulaire intérieure, dans la partie arrière du lanceur.The inner annular chamber provided in accordance with the invention in the rear part of the launcher is preferably a closed chamber, when the elements are assembled and placed on the sub-calibrated ball. According to one embodiment, however, the interior annular chamber can be partially open, and include for example an opening directed towards the rear of the ball. As indicated above, the interior annular chamber is delimited on its rear part by a deformable or breakable partition which separates it from the charge of propellant powder contained in the socket of the complete bullet. This partition is designed so as to deform or break under the pressure of the propellant gases immediately after igniting the powder. This result can be obtained simply by reducing the thickness of the partition in a determined area, or by an appropriate groove, so as to weaken the partition. According to an embodiment of the invention, it may be advantageous to provide in the rear part of the launcher, an outer groove of triangular section and very elongated, separated from the inner annular chamber by a single wall. According to an alternative embodiment, the internal annular chamber according to the invention can be combined with an external annular chamber of known type, as described for example in patent FR-A-2,606,500, and located immediately near the inner annular chamber, in the rear part of the launcher.

Ainsi, lors de la phase de, lancement, après mise à feu de la poudre propulsive, les gaz exercent une pression croissante sur toute la surface arrière de la balle complète, et en particulier sur la cloison séparant la chambre annulaire inté¬ rieure. Lorsque la pression atteint une valeur P, cette cloi¬ son se déforme ou se casse suivant les délimitations prati¬ quées au moyen d'une réduction d'épaisseur ou d'un rainure, et les gaz propulsifs pénètrent alors dans la chambre annulaire intérieure.Thus, during the launch phase, after ignition of the propellant powder, the gases exert increasing pressure over the entire rear surface of the complete bale, and in particular on the partition separating the inner annular chamber. When the pressure reaches a value P, this cloi¬ its deforms or breaks according to the boundaries prati¬ ced by means of a thickness reduction or a groove, and the propellant gases then enter the inner annular chamber.

A la sortie du tube de l'arme, les forces s'exerçant sur la balle sous-calibrée et le lanceur sont les suivantes les forces de détente Pb des gaz propulsifs empri- sonnés dans la chambre annulaire, entre la surface extérieure de la balle sous-calibrée et le lanceur, qui ont pour effet d'écarter les éléments du lanceur de l'arrière vers l'avant; les forces liées à la pression aérodynamique Pa s'exerçant sur la tête du corps de la balle, qui ont tendance à ouvrir les éléments du lanceur par l'avant;At the exit of the barrel, the forces exerted on the sub-calibrated bullet and the launcher are the following the forces of relaxation Pb of the propellant gases trapped in the annular chamber, between the external surface of the bullet sub-calibrated and the launcher, which have the effect of spreading the elements of the launcher from rear to front; the forces related to the aerodynamic pressure Pa exerted on the head of the body of the ball, which tend to open the elements of the launcher from the front;

- les forces aérodynamiques Fa sur la face frontale des éléments du lanceur, dont la forme est telle que ces forces ont tendance à retenir 1 'ouverture par 1 'avant des éléments du lanceur. Les forces de détente Pb des gaz dans la chambre annu¬ laire étant supérieures à la somme algébrique des forces aéro¬ dynamiques Fa et de celles liées à la pression aérodynamique Pa, la séparation des éléments du lanceur s'effectue alors de 1 'arrière vers 1 'avant. Suivant une forme préférentielle de réalisation, la partie frontale située à l'avant des éléments du lanceur est disposée légèrement en saillie de la tête de la balle sous- calibrée. Il en résulte, lors de la séparation des éléments et de la balle sous-calibrée, un mouvement de bascule qui faci- lite l'ecartement de la partie arrière des éléments du lanceur, de l'arrière vers l'avant.- The aerodynamic forces Fa on the front face of the elements of the launcher, whose shape is such that these forces tend to retain the opening by the front of the elements of the launcher. The expansion forces Pb of the gases in the annular chamber being greater than the algebraic sum of the aero¬ dynamic forces Fa and those linked to the aerodynamic pressure Pa, the separation of the elements of the launcher is then carried out from the rear towards 1 'before. According to a preferred embodiment, the front part situated at the front of the elements of the launcher is arranged slightly projecting from the head of the sub-calibrated bullet. This results, during the separation of the elements and the sub-calibrated ball, a rocking movement which facilitates the separation of the rear part of the launcher elements, from the rear towards the front.

Le dispositif suivant la présente invention présente de nombreux avantages par rapport à la technique connue. Ainsi, les chocs de "séparation" du lanceur à la sortie du tube de l'arme sont très faibles, car les éléments du lanceur ne prennent pas appui sur la balle sous-calibrée au cours de leur mouvement de séparation. Ceci permet de réduire au maximum les perturbations que pourrait subir la balle sous- calibrée en début de trajectoire.The device according to the present invention has many advantages over the known technique. Thus, the shocks of "separation" of the launcher at the exit of the barrel of the weapon are very weak, because the elements of the launcher do not bear on the sub-calibrated bullet during their movement of separation. This makes it possible to reduce as much as possible the disturbances that the under-calibrated ball could undergo at the start of the trajectory.

En outre, le dispositif de l'invention améliore la dispersion balistique de la balle sous-calibrée. Les essais effectués ont montré que cette diminution peut être d'environ 20% par rapport à une balle flèche à lanceur de type connu telle que celle décrite dans le brevet FR-A-2.555.728.In addition, the device of the invention improves the ballistic dispersion of the sub-calibrated ball. The tests carried out have shown that this reduction may be approximately 20% compared to a known type of arrow bullet with a launcher such as that described in patent FR-A-2,555,728.

D'autre part, la maîtrise et le contrôle de la séparation et/ou de l'éjection des éléments du lanceur facilite le réglage du cône d'ouverture de ces éléments par les moyens usuels. Par exemple, les essais effectués sur des balles équi¬ pées du dispositif de la présente invention ont montré qu'en faisant varier les forces liées à la pression aérodynamique Pa, les forces aérodynamiques Fa et les forces générées par la détente des gaz propulsifs Pb, on obtient une variation du cône d'ouverture des éléments du lanceur comprise entre 10° et 35° environ.On the other hand, the control and control of the separation and / or the ejection of the elements of the launcher facilitates the adjustment of the opening cone of these elements by the usual means. For example, the tests carried out on balls equipped with the device of the present invention have shown that by varying the forces linked to the aerodynamic pressure Pa, the aerodynamic forces Fa and the forces generated by the expansion of the propellant gases Pb, a variation of the opening cone of the elements of the launcher is obtained between approximately 10 ° and 35 °.

Enfin, le dispositif suivant l'invention rend possible l'utilisation d'un empennage à envergure élevée, sans entraî¬ ner d'interférence entre les éléments du lanceur et 1 'empen- nage lors de la séparation des éléments.Finally, the device according to the invention makes it possible to use a tailplane with a high span, without causing interference between the elements of the launcher and the stabilizer during the separation of the elements.

Le dispositif de l'invention présente en outre l'avantage d'être compatible avec le dispositif à chambre annulaire externe ouverte décrit dans le brevet FR-A-2.606.500, et dans ce cas, outre les avantages indiqués ci-dessus, on obtient aussi une nette réduction du choc de recul ressenti par le tireur, ainsi qu'une augmentation de la vitesse initiale de la balle, à pression égale.The device of the invention also has the advantage of being compatible with the device with an open external annular chamber described in patent FR-A-2,606,500, and in this case, in addition to the advantages indicated above, also obtains a marked reduction in the recoil shock felt by the shooter, as well as an increase in the initial speed of the bullet, at equal pressure.

Les diverses caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront plus clairement dans la description ci- après relative à des formes préférentielles de réalisation, en référence aux dessins annexés, qui représentent : Figure 1 : une vue en demi-coupe d'une balle complète conforme à l'invention, comprenant une balle sous-calibrée et un lanceur.The various characteristics and advantages of the present invention will appear more clearly in the description below relating to preferred embodiments, with reference to the appended drawings, which represent: Figure 1: a half-section view of a complete bullet according to the invention, comprising an undersized bullet and a launcher.

Figure 2 : une vue en demi-coupe montrant la position du lanceur mis en place sur la balle sous-calibrée.Figure 2: a half-section view showing the position of the launcher in place on the undersized ball.

Figure 3 : une demi-vue de face montrant la partie arrière du lanceur de la figure 2.Figure 3: a half front view showing the rear part of the launcher in Figure 2.

Figure 4 : une demi-vue en élévation montrant la position d'un élément du lanceur par rapport à la balle sous-calibrée, lors de la séparation.Figure 4: a half-view in elevation showing the position of an element of the launcher relative to the sub-calibrated ball, during separation.

Figure 5 : une vue partielle, en coupe, d'une variante de réalisation de la chambre annulaire du lanceur.Figure 5: a partial view, in section, of an alternative embodiment of the annular launcher chamber.

La cartouche (1) représentée sur la figure 1, comprend une douille amorcée (2) , une charge de poudre propulsive (3) , ainsi que la balle complète constituée par la balle sous-cali¬ brée (4), et le lanceur (5) en deux éléments identiques dispo¬ sés symétriquement par rapport à l'axe longitudinal de la balle, et séparables longitudinalement.The cartridge (1) shown in FIG. 1, includes a primed socket (2), a charge of propellant powder (3), as well as the complete bullet constituted by the sub-cali¬ bred bullet (4), and the launcher ( 5) into two identical elements which are symmetrically disposed relative to the longitudinal axis of the ball, and which can be separated longitudinally.

Le lanceur (5) comporte sur sa face interne, des adents (6) coopérant avec des rainures circulaires (7) pratiquées à la surface de la balle sous-calibrée (4) facilitant la mise en place du lanceur et assurant la tenue mécanique de l'ensemble pendant la phase de lancement, dans le tube de l'arme.The launcher (5) has on its internal face, teeth (6) cooperating with circular grooves (7) formed on the surface of the sub-calibrated ball (4) facilitating the positioning of the launcher and ensuring the mechanical strength of the assembly during the launching phase, in the barrel of the weapon.

Sur sa surface extérieure, le lanceur (5) présente des gorges annulaires (8) destinées à assurer une bonne étanchéité pendant la phase de lancement, en jouant le rôle de gorges de décompression. Ces gorges annulaires (8) ont aussi pour effet de limiter la surface de frottement dans le tube, et de permettre l'utilisation d'armes fortement chokées. Comme le montre plus clairement la figure 2, le lanceur comporte dans sa partie arrière une gorge extérieure (9) de section triangulaire et très allongée, permettant d'assurer la souplesse de la partie (10) au passage du choke du tube.On its outer surface, the launcher (5) has annular grooves (8) intended to ensure good sealing during the launch phase, by playing the role of decompression grooves. These annular grooves (8) also have the effect of limiting the friction surface in the tube, and allowing the use of heavily choked weapons. As shown more clearly in Figure 2, the launcher has in its rear part an outer groove (9) of triangular section and very elongated, to ensure the flexibility of the part (10) to the passage of the choke of the tube.

La partie arrière du lanceur (5) comporte encore, au niveau de sa face arrière (11) , une cloison (12) , qui déli¬ mite, avec la face intérieure de la partie (10) et la surface de la balle sous-calibrée (4) , une chambre annulaire inté¬ rieure (13) de section sensiblement trapézoïdale. La cloison (12) comporte des zones d'épaisseur réduite formant des lunules (14) de forme arrondie représentées sur la figure 3. ces lunules, de moindre résistance que les autres parties du lanceur (5) , sont déformées et rompues au cours de la montée en pression des gaz propulsifs, qui pénètrent alors dans la chambre annulaire intérieure (13) . La force de détente ainsi créée s'exerce sur la face intérieure de la partie (10) et a tendance à repousser vers 1 'extérieur 1 'ensemble du lanceur. La partie avant (15) du lanceur (5) , représentée sur la figure 2, comprend une face périphérique (16) sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe de la balle (4), une partie conique extérieure (17) , et une face centrale (18) également perpendi¬ culaire à l'axe de la balle. La balle sous-calibrée (4) est constituée d'un corps de balle (19), par exemple en alliage de plomb, et d'une partie empennée (20) qui peut être en matière plastique. Le corps (19) de la balle sous-calibrée comporte des rainures circulai¬ res (7) , formées perpendiculairement à l'axe de la balle (4), coopérant avec les adents (6) du lanceur (5) .The rear part of the launcher (5) also comprises, at its rear face (11), a partition (12), which delimits, with the internal face of the part (10) and the surface of the ball under calibrated (4), an inner annular chamber (13) of substantially trapezoidal section. The partition (12) comprises zones of reduced thickness forming lunules (14) of rounded shape shown in FIG. 3. these lunules, of less resistance than the other parts of the launcher (5), are deformed and broken during the rise in pressure of the propellant gases, which then penetrate into the interior annular chamber (13). The trigger force thus created is exerted on the inner face of the part (10) and tends to push outwardly the entire launcher. The front part (15) of the launcher (5), shown in FIG. 2, comprises a peripheral face (16) substantially perpendicular to the axis of the ball (4), an external conical part (17), and a central face (18) also perpendicular to the axis of the ball. The sub-calibrated bullet (4) consists of a bullet body (19), for example made of lead alloy, and of a tail part (20) which can be made of plastic. The body (19) of the sub-calibrated bullet has circular grooves (7), formed perpendicular to the axis of the bullet (4), cooperating with the teeth (6) of the launcher (5).

La tête (21) du corps de balle (19) est de forme sensi¬ blement biconique, et se trouve placée légèrement en retrait de la face centrale (18) du lanceur (5) .The head (21) of the bullet body (19) is of appreciably biconical shape, and is placed slightly behind the central face (18) of the launcher (5).

La partie empennée (20) fixée à l'arrière du corps de balle (19) comprend l'empenne (22) munie de quatre ailes formées sur le corps d'empenne (23) . Ce dernier comporte une nervure cylindrique (24) de diamètre extérieur égal au diamè¬ tre intérieur de la cloison (12) comportant les lunules (14) , de telle sorte que, lorsque le lanceur (5) est mis en place sur la balle sous-calibrée (4) dans la cartouche, une bonne étanchéité soit assurée entre le lanceur (5) et la paroi inté¬ rieure de la douille (2) d'une part, et entre le lanceur (5) et la balle sous-calibrée (4) au niveau de l'interface entre la cloison (12) et la nervure cylindrique (24) d'autre part. Un évidement circulaire extérieur (25) en avant de la nervure (24) dans le corps d'empenne (23) permet, dans cette forme de réalisation, d'augmenter le volume de la chambre annulaire (13) . D'autre part, le corps d'empenne comporte encore une deuxième nervure cylindrique (26) présentant un épaulement (27) coopérant avec le premier adent extérieur (28) du lanceur (5) .The tail part (20) fixed to the rear of the bullet body (19) comprises the tail (22) provided with four wings formed on the tail body (23). The latter comprises a cylindrical rib (24) of outside diameter equal to the inside diameter of the partition (12) comprising the lunules (14), so that, when the launcher (5) is placed on the ball under - calibrated (4) in the cartridge, a good seal is ensured between the launcher (5) and the inner wall of the sleeve (2) on the one hand, and between the launcher (5) and the sub-calibrated bullet (4) at the interface between the partition (12) and the cylindrical rib (24) on the other hand. An external circular recess (25) in front of the rib (24) in the tail body (23) allows, in this embodiment, to increase the volume of the annular chamber (13). On the other hand, the tail body has still a second cylindrical rib (26) having a shoulder (27) cooperating with the first external tooth (28) of the launcher (5).

Comme le montre la figure 4, la cloison (12) ayant été repoussée par la détente des gaz propulsifs, les éléments du lanceur (5) se séparent de la balle sous-calibrée (4) , à la sortie du tube de l'arme, dans un mouvement de basculement de l'arrière vers l'avant, sous l'action des forces de détente des gaz propulsifs Pb dans la chambre annulaire (13) qui est supérieure à la somme des forces aérodynamiques Fa s 'exerçant sur la partie avant (15) du lanceur (5) et des forces liées à la pression aérodynamique Pa s 'exerçant dans la cavité formée par la tête biconique (21) de la balle (4) et la face centrale (18) du lanceur (5) . La variante de réalisation représentée sur la figure 5 montre la combinaison de la chambre annulaire intérieure (13) avec une chambre annulaire extérieure (29) . Dans ce cas, la cloison (12) est de faible hauteur, et se prolonge, de l'autre côté de la partie arrière (10) , par une deuxième cloison (30) délimitant la chambre annulaire extérieure (29) . Cette chambre annulaire (29) est ouverte vers l'extérieur. Cette ouverture est masquée par la paroi de la douille avant mise à feu, puis par la paroi intérieure du tube de l'arme dans la première phase de lancement. La cloison (30) est rompue en même temps que la cloison (12) par la montée en pression des gaz propul¬ sifs.As shown in FIG. 4, the partition (12) having been pushed back by the expansion of the propellant gases, the elements of the launcher (5) separate from the sub-calibrated bullet (4), at the outlet of the barrel of the weapon , in a tilting movement from the rear to the front, under the action of the forces of expansion of the propellant gases Pb in the annular chamber (13) which is greater than the sum of the aerodynamic forces Fa exerted on the part front (15) of the launcher (5) and forces related to the aerodynamic pressure Pa exerted in the cavity formed by the biconical head (21) of the ball (4) and the central face (18) of the launcher (5) . The variant embodiment shown in FIG. 5 shows the combination of the interior annular chamber (13) with an exterior annular chamber (29). In this case, the partition (12) is of low height, and is extended, on the other side of the rear part (10), by a second partition (30) delimiting the outer annular chamber (29). This annular chamber (29) is open to the outside. This opening is masked by the wall of the casing before firing, then by the interior wall of the barrel of the weapon in the first phase of launching. The partition (30) is broken at the same time as the partition (12) by the rise in pressure of the propellant gases.

La partie avant des éléments du lanceur (5) peut présen¬ ter une forme différente de celle représentée sur la figure (2), en fonction des effets recherchés, suivant les techniques connues.The front part of the elements of the launcher (5) can present a shape different from that shown in Figure (2), depending on the desired effects, according to known techniques.

L'invention a été décrite en référence à une balle de chasse. Elle s'applique bien entendu de la même manière à toutes munitions de petit, moyen ou gros calibre. The invention has been described with reference to a hunting ball. It applies of course in the same way to all small, medium or large caliber ammunition.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS 1. Lanceur pour munitions du type comportant un sous- projectile et un lanceur en plusieurs éléments détachables, s'adaptant sur le sous-projectile, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte, au voisinage immédiat de sa partie arrière, une paroi formant, avec la surface du sous-projectile (4) , une chambre annulaire intérieure (13) séparée de la charge propul¬ sive par une cloison (12) deformable ou cassable.1. Launcher for ammunition of the type comprising a sub-projectile and a launcher made of several detachable elements, adapting to the sub-projectile, characterized in that it comprises, in the immediate vicinity of its rear part, a wall forming, with the surface of the sub-projectile (4), an inner annular chamber (13) separated from the propellant charge by a partition (12) deformable or breakable. 2. Lanceur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en outre, dans sa partie arrière, une chambre annulaire extérieure (29) .2. Launcher according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises, in its rear part, an outer annular chamber (29). 3. Lanceur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que la partie frontale (18) située à l'avant des éléments du lanceur est disposée légèrement en saillie de la tête (21) de la balle sous-calibrée. 3. Launcher according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the front part (18) situated in front of the elements of the launcher is arranged slightly projecting from the head (21) of the sub-calibrated ball . 4. Lanceur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que la cloison (12) séparant la cham¬ bre annulaire de la charge propulsive présente une réduction de son épaisseur dans une zone déterminée, ou une rainure, de manière à fragiliser la cloison. 4. Launcher according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the partition (12) separating the annular cham¬ ber of the propellant charge has a reduction in its thickness in a determined area, or a groove, so to weaken the partition. 5. Lanceur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la partie arrière du lanceur comporte une gorge extérieure (9) de section triangulaire et très allongée, séparée de la chambre annulaire intérieure (12) par une simple paroi.5. Launcher according to claim 1, characterized in that the rear part of the launcher has an outer groove (9) of triangular section and very elongated, separated from the inner annular chamber (12) by a single wall. 6. Lanceur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est divisé longitudinale- ent en deux éléments symétriques par rapport à l'axe de la balle.6. Launcher according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is divided longitudinally into two symmetrical elements with respect to the axis of the ball. 7. Lanceur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la chambre annulaire intérieure est fermée lorsque le lanceur est en place sur le sous-projectile.7. Launcher according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the inner annular chamber is closed when the launcher is in place on the sub-projectile. 8. Lanceur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en que la chambre annulaire intérieure est partiellement ouverte. 8. Launcher according to claim 2, characterized in that the inner annular chamber is partially open.
EP94924336A 1993-08-06 1994-08-05 Sabot with controlled separation of segments for sub-calibre projectiles Expired - Lifetime EP0664877B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9309708 1993-08-06
FR9309708A FR2708730B1 (en) 1993-08-06 1993-08-06 Launcher with controlled separation of elements for ammunition.
PCT/FR1994/000984 WO1995004913A1 (en) 1993-08-06 1994-08-05 Sabot with controlled separation of segments for sub-calibre projectiles

Publications (2)

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EP0664877A1 true EP0664877A1 (en) 1995-08-02
EP0664877B1 EP0664877B1 (en) 1998-07-08

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EP (1) EP0664877B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH08503295A (en)
KR (1) KR100331776B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE168186T1 (en)
AU (1) AU681432B2 (en)
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CA (1) CA2146443C (en)
CZ (1) CZ290180B6 (en)
DE (1) DE69411529T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2120630T3 (en)
FI (1) FI111296B (en)
FR (1) FR2708730B1 (en)
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NO (1) NO307232B1 (en)
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HUT72879A (en) 1996-05-28
CA2146443C (en) 2005-06-14
CZ290180B6 (en) 2002-06-12
HU9500998D0 (en) 1995-06-28
DE69411529D1 (en) 1998-08-13
AU7463894A (en) 1995-02-28
KR950703725A (en) 1995-09-20
CA2146443A1 (en) 1995-02-16
DE69411529T2 (en) 1999-02-18
WO1995004913A1 (en) 1995-02-16
NO951331D0 (en) 1995-04-05
SK280301B6 (en) 1999-11-08
US5589658A (en) 1996-12-31
NO951331L (en) 1995-04-05
NO307232B1 (en) 2000-02-28
PL308299A1 (en) 1995-07-24
FI111296B (en) 2003-06-30
FI951626L (en) 1995-04-05
PL174512B1 (en) 1998-08-31
BR9405544A (en) 1999-09-08
KR100331776B1 (en) 2002-11-30
JPH08503295A (en) 1996-04-09
HU217231B (en) 1999-12-28
ES2120630T3 (en) 1998-11-01
FR2708730B1 (en) 1995-10-20
ATE168186T1 (en) 1998-07-15
SK44295A3 (en) 1995-09-13
FR2708730A1 (en) 1995-02-10
CZ86295A3 (en) 1995-10-18
AU681432B2 (en) 1997-08-28
FI951626A0 (en) 1995-04-05
EP0664877B1 (en) 1998-07-08

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