EP0680506A1 - Composition de fuel-oil. - Google Patents

Composition de fuel-oil.

Info

Publication number
EP0680506A1
EP0680506A1 EP94905667A EP94905667A EP0680506A1 EP 0680506 A1 EP0680506 A1 EP 0680506A1 EP 94905667 A EP94905667 A EP 94905667A EP 94905667 A EP94905667 A EP 94905667A EP 0680506 A1 EP0680506 A1 EP 0680506A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
composition
acid
alcohol
fuel
carbon atoms
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94905667A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0680506B1 (fr
Inventor
Rinaldo Caprotti
Charles Herbert Bovington
Colin John Douglas Macrae
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc
Original Assignee
Exxon Chemical Patents Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Exxon Chemical Patents Inc filed Critical Exxon Chemical Patents Inc
Publication of EP0680506A1 publication Critical patent/EP0680506A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0680506B1 publication Critical patent/EP0680506B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Revoked legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/08—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricity; for reducing wear
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
    • C10L1/1905—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters of di- or polycarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
    • C10L1/191—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters of di- or polyhydroxyalcohols

Definitions

  • This invention relates to fuel compositions useful, for example, to improve lubricity and reduce wear in diesel engines.
  • esters as additives for diesel engine fuel.
  • US-A-2,527,889 describes polyhydroxy alcohol esters as primary anti-corrosion additives in diesel engine fuel
  • GB-A-1 ,505,302 describes ester combinations including, for example, glycerol monoesters and glycerol diesters as diesel fuel additives, the combinations being described as leading to advantages including less wear of the fuel-injection equipment, piston rings and cylinder liners.
  • GB-A-1 ,505,302 is, however, concerned with overcoming the operational disadvantages of corrosion and wear by acidic combustion products, residues in the combustion chamber and in the exhaust system.
  • the document states that these disadvantages are due to incomplete combustion under certain operating conditions.
  • Typical diesel fuels available at the date of the document contained, for example, from 0.5 to 1 % by weight of sulphur, as elemental sulphur, based on the weight of the fuel.
  • the sulphur content of diesel fuels has now been or will be lowered in a number of countries for environmental reasons, i.e. to reduce sulphur dioxide emissions.
  • heating oil and diesel fuel sulphur content are being harmonised by the CEC at a maximum of 0.2% by weight, and, at a second stage, the maximum content in diesel fuel will be 0.05% by weight. Complete conversion to the 0.05% maximum may be required during 1996.
  • the process for preparing low sulphur content fuels in addition to reducing sulphur content, also reduces the content of other components of the fuel such as poiyaromatic components and polar components. Reducing one or more of the sulphur, poiyaromatic and polar component content of the fuel creates a new problem in use of the fuel, i.e. the ability of the fuel to lubricate the injection system of the engine is reduced such that, for example, the fuel injection pump of the engine can fail relatively early in the life of an engine, failure being, eg. in high pressure fuel injection systems such as high pressure rotary distributors, in-line pumps and unit injectors and injectors. Such severe failures are due to wear that is completely different from the corrosive wear problem described in GB-A-1 ,505,302.
  • a first aspect of the invention is a fuel oil composition
  • a fuel oil composition comprising a major proportion of a liquid hydrocarbon middle distillate fuel oil having a sulphur concentration of 0.2% by weight or less, and a minor proportion of an additive comprising an ester of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol wherein the acid has from 2 to 50 carbon atoms and the alcohol has one or more carbon atoms.
  • a second aspect of the invention is the use of a fuel oil composition as defined in the first aspect of the invention as the fuel in a compression-ignition (diesel) engine for controlling wear rate in the injection system of the engine in operation of the engine.
  • a compression-ignition (diesel) engine for controlling wear rate in the injection system of the engine in operation of the engine.
  • a third aspect of the invention is a method of operating a compression-ignition (diesel) engine comprising providing a fuel oil composition as defined in the first aspect of the invention as the fuel in the engine thereby to control wear rate in the injection system of the engine.
  • a compression-ignition (diesel) engine comprising providing a fuel oil composition as defined in the first aspect of the invention as the fuel in the engine thereby to control wear rate in the injection system of the engine.
  • the additive in use of the composition in a compression-ignition internal combustion engine, is capable of forming over the range of operating conditions of the engine, at least partial mono- or multi-molecular layers of the additive on surfaces of the injection system, particularly the injector pump that are in moving contact with one another, the composition being such as to give rise, when compared with a composition lacking the additive, to one or more of a reduction in wear, a reduction in friction, or an increase in electrical contact resistance in any test where two or more loaded bodies are in relative motion under non-hydrodynamic lubricating conditions.
  • the additive which may be a single additive or mixture of additives, is capable of forming at least partial layers on certain surfaces of the engine.
  • the layer formed is not necessarily complete on the contacting surface. Thus, it may cover only part of the area of that contacting surface, for example 10% or more, or 50% or more.
  • the formation of such layers and the extent of their coverage of a contacting surface can be demonstrated by, for example, measuring electrical contact resistance or electrical capacitance.
  • tests that can be used to demonstrate one or more of a reduction in wear, a reduction in friction or an increase in electrical contact resistance according to this invention are the Ball On Cylinder Lubricant Evaluator and High Frequency Reciprocating Rig tests which will be referred to hereinafter.
  • the acid from which the ester is derived may be a mono or polycarboxylic acid such as aliphatic, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, mono and dicarboxylic acids being preferred.
  • the acid may be generalised in the formula
  • R'(COOH) x where x represents an integer and is 1 or more such as 1 to 4, and R' represents a hydrocarbyl group having from 2 to 50 carbon atoms and which is mono or polyvalent corresponding to the value of x, the -COOH groups, when more than one is present, optionally being substituent on different carbon atoms from one another.
  • 'Hydrocarbyl means a group containing carbon and hydrogen which group is connected to the rest of the molecule via a carbon atom. It may be straight or branched chain which chain may be interrupted by one or more hetero atoms such as O, S, N or P, may be saturated or unsaturated, may be aliphatic or alicyclic or aromatic including heterocyclic, or may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • the hydrocarbyl group is an alkyl group or an alkenyl group having 10 (e.g. 12) to 30 carbon atoms, i.e. the acid is saturated or unsaturated.
  • the alkenyl group may have one or more double bonds, such as 1 , 2 or 3.
  • saturated carboxylic acids are those with 10 to 22 carbon atoms such as capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, and behenic acids and examples of unsaturated carboxylic acids are those with 10 to 22 carbon atoms such as oleic, elaidic, palmitoleic, petroselic, riconoleic, eleostearic, linoleic, linolenic, eicosanoic, galoleic, erucic and hypogeic acids.
  • the acid is polycarboxylic, having for example from 2 to 4 carboxy groups
  • the hydrocarbyl group is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted polymethylene.
  • the alcohol from which the ester is derived may be a mono or polyhydroxy alcohol such as a trihydroxy alcohol.
  • the alcohol may be generalised in the formula
  • y represents an integer and is 1 or more and R 2 represents a hydrocarbyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms such as up to 10 carbon atoms, and which is mono or polyvalent corresponding to the value of y, the -OH groups, when more than one is present, optionally being substituent on different carbon atoms from one another.
  • 'Hydrocarbyl' has the same meaning as given above for the acid.
  • the hydrocarbyl group is preferably an alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted polymethylene group.
  • monohydric alcohols are lower alkyl alcohols having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl alcohols.
  • polyhydric alcohols are aliphatic, saturated or unsaturated, straight chain or branched alcohols having 2 to 10, preferably 2 to 6, more preferably 2 to 4, hydroxy groups, and having 2 to 90, preferably 2 to 30, more preferably 2 to 12, most preferably 2 to 5, carbon atoms in the molecule.
  • the polyhydric alcohol may be a glycol or diol, or a trihydric alcohol such as glycerol.
  • the esters may be used alone or as mixtures of one ore more esters and may be composed only of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
  • the ester has a molecular weight of 200 or greater, or has at least 10 carbon atoms, or has both.
  • esters examples include lower alkyl esters, such as methyl esters, of the above exemplified saturated or unsaturated monocarboxylic acids. Such esters may, for example, be obtained by saponification and esterification of natural fats and oils of plant or animal origin or by their transesterification with lower aliphatic alcohols.
  • esters of polyhydric alcohols that may be used are those where all of the hydroxy groups are esterified, those where not all of the hydroxy groups are esterified, and mixtures thereof.
  • Specific examples are esters prepared from trihydric alcohols and one or more of the above- mentioned saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as glycerol monoesters and glycerol diesters, e.g. glycerol monooleate, glycerol dioleate and glycerol monostearate.
  • Such polyhydric esters may be prepared by esterification as described in the art and/or may be commercially available.
  • the ester may have one or more free hydroxy groups.
  • the sulphur concentration is 0.05% by weight or less, such as 0.01% by weight or less, and may be as low as 0.005% by weight, or 0.0001 % by weight, or lower.
  • the art describes methods for reducing the sulphur concentration of hydrocarbon distillate fuels, such methods including for example solvent extraction, sulphuric acid treatment, and hydrodesulphurisation.
  • tricyclic aromatic is meant a fixed system where three aromatic rings are fused together.
  • the fuel contains less than 1 % by weight of such a component.
  • polar components are compounds such as those containing O, S or N; and esters; and alcohols.
  • the above-mentioned wear problem is found to become progressively more acute as the polar component concentration of the fuel is decreased; for example, it may be particularly severe at concentrations below 250 ppm, such as below 200 ppm and specifically in fuels having polar component concentrations of 170 ppm and 130 ppm respectively.
  • Such polar component concentrations may conveniently be measured by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography, sometimes referred to as HPLC.
  • Middle distillate fuel oils to which this invention is applicable generally boil within the range of about 100 * C to about 500 * C, e.g. about 150 ° C to about 400 ° C.
  • the fuel oil can comprise atmospheric distillate or vacuum distillate, or cracked gas oil or a blend in any proportion of straight run and thermally and/or catalytically cracked distillates.
  • the most common petroleum distillates are kerosene, jet fuels, diesel fuels, heating oils and heavy fuel oils, diesel fuels being preferred in the practice of the present invention for the above-mentioned reasons.
  • the heating oil may be a straight atmospheric distillate, or it may contain amounts, e.g. up to 35% by weight of vacuum gas oil or of cracked gas oils or of both.
  • the concentration of the additive of the invention in the fuel oil may be up to 250,000 ppm, for example up to 10,000 ppm such as 1 to below 1000 ppm (active ingredient) by weight per weight of fuel, preferably 10 to 500 ppm, more preferably 10 to 200 ppm.
  • the additive may be incorporated into bulk fuel oil by methods known in the art.
  • the additive may be so incorporated in the form of a concentrate comprising an admixture of the additive and a liquid carrier medium compatible with the fuel oil, the additive being dispersed in the liquid medium.
  • Such concentrates preferably contain from 3 to 75 wt%, more preferably 3 to 60 wt%, most preferably 10 to 50 wt% of the additive, preferably in solution in the oil.
  • carrier liquid are organic solvents including hydrocarbon solvents, for example petroleum fractions such as naphtha, kerosene and heater oil; aromatic hydrocarbons; paraffinic hydrocarbons such as hexane and pentane; and alkoxyalkanols such as 2-butoxyethanol.
  • the carrier liquid must of course be selected having regard to its compatibility with the additive and with the fuel.
  • the additives of the invention may be used singly or as mixtures of more than one additive. They may also be used in combination with one or more co- additives such as known in the art, for example the following: detergents, antioxidants (to avoid fuel degradation), corrosion inhibitors, dehazers, demulsifiers, metal deactivators, antifoaming agents, cetane improvers, cosolvents, package compatibilisers, and middle distillate cold flow improvers.
  • co- additives such as known in the art, for example the following: detergents, antioxidants (to avoid fuel degradation), corrosion inhibitors, dehazers, demulsifiers, metal deactivators, antifoaming agents, cetane improvers, cosolvents, package compatibilisers, and middle distillate cold flow improvers.
  • the fuels used were diesel fuels having the following characteristics
  • Aromatics content ⁇ 1% (wt/wt)
  • Additives D and E were dissolved in certain of fuels I and II and the resulting composition tested using:
  • Friction and wear devices 2nd Ed., p. 280, American Society of Lubrication Engineers, Park Ridge III. USA; and F. Tao and J. Appledorn, ASLE trans.,

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

Une composition de fuel-oil contient une proportion majeure d'hydrocarbures liquides correspondant à une coupe moyenne de fuel-oil et ayant une concentration en soufre de 0,2 % du poids du fuel-oil ou moins, et une proportion mineure d'un additif de réduction de l'usure comprenant un ester améliorant la lubrification du carburant diesel.
EP94905667A 1993-01-21 1994-01-20 Composition de fuel-oil Revoked EP0680506B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9301119 1993-01-21
GB939301119A GB9301119D0 (en) 1993-01-21 1993-01-21 Fuel composition
PCT/EP1994/000148 WO1994017160A1 (fr) 1993-01-21 1994-01-20 Composition de fuel-oil

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0680506A1 true EP0680506A1 (fr) 1995-11-08
EP0680506B1 EP0680506B1 (fr) 1997-01-22

Family

ID=10729049

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94905667A Revoked EP0680506B1 (fr) 1993-01-21 1994-01-20 Composition de fuel-oil

Country Status (17)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0680506B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2634697B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR100286781B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE148157T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU676713B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR9405814A (fr)
CA (1) CA2154344C (fr)
DE (1) DE69401576T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK0680506T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2098125T3 (fr)
FI (1) FI120792B (fr)
GB (1) GB9301119D0 (fr)
GR (1) GR3022462T3 (fr)
NO (1) NO310567B1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2161640C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1994017160A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA94447B (fr)

Cited By (73)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5891203A (en) * 1998-01-20 1999-04-06 Ethyl Corporation Fuel lubricity from blends of a diethanolamine derivative and biodiesel
US6364918B1 (en) 1999-06-17 2002-04-02 Clariant Gmbh Hydroxyl-containing copolymers, and their use for the preparation of fuel oils having improved lubricity
US6391071B1 (en) 1999-06-17 2002-05-21 Clariant Gmbh Use of hydroxyl-containing copolymers for the preparation of fuel oils having improved lubricity
US6461393B1 (en) 2000-03-16 2002-10-08 Clariant Gmbh Mixtures of carboxylic acids, their derivatives and hydroxyl-containing polymers and their use for improving the lubricating effect of oils
US6475250B2 (en) 2000-01-11 2002-11-05 Clariant Gmbh Multifunctional additive for fuel oils
US6534453B2 (en) 2001-05-11 2003-03-18 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Light oil composition
US6592638B2 (en) 2000-03-16 2003-07-15 Clariant Gmbh Mixtures of carboxylic acids, their derivatives and hydroxyl-containing polymers and their use for improving the lubricating effect of oils
US6652610B2 (en) 2000-01-11 2003-11-25 Clariant Gmbh Multifunctional additive for fuel oils
US6743266B2 (en) 2000-03-31 2004-06-01 Texaco, Inc. Fuel additive composition for improving delivery of friction modifier
US6835217B1 (en) 2000-09-20 2004-12-28 Texaco, Inc. Fuel composition containing friction modifier
US7041738B2 (en) 2002-07-09 2006-05-09 Clariant Gmbh Cold flow improvers for fuel oils of vegetable or animal origin
US7431745B2 (en) 2001-07-27 2008-10-07 Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh Additives with a reduced tendency to emulsify, which improve the lubricating action of highly desulphurised fuel oils
WO2010073233A2 (fr) 2008-12-23 2010-07-01 Total Raffinage Marketing Carburant de type gazole pour moteur diesel a fortes teneurs en carbone d'origine renouvelable et en oxygene
US7815696B2 (en) 2002-07-09 2010-10-19 Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh Oxidation-stabilized lubricant additives for highly desulfurized fuel oils
WO2011001352A1 (fr) 2009-07-03 2011-01-06 Total Raffinage Marketing Terpolymere ethylene/acetate de vinyle/esters insatures comme additif ameliorant la tenue a froid des hydrocarbures liquides comme les distillats moyens et les carburants ou combustibles
WO2012085865A1 (fr) 2010-12-23 2012-06-28 Total Raffinage Marketing Résines alkylphénol-aldéhyde modifiées, leur utilisation comme additifs améliorant les propriétés a froid de carburants et combustibles hydrocarbonés liquides
WO2012107454A1 (fr) 2011-02-08 2012-08-16 Total Raffinage Marketing Compositions liquides pour marquer les carburants et combustibles hydrocarbones liquides, carburants et combustibles les contenant et procede de detection des marqueurs
WO2013120985A1 (fr) 2012-02-17 2013-08-22 Total Raffinage Marketing Additifs ameliorant la resistance a l'usure et au lacquering de carburants de type gazole ou biogazole
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GB9301119D0 (en) 1993-03-10
CA2154344C (fr) 2003-06-17
BR9405814A (pt) 1995-12-05
DE69401576T2 (de) 1997-05-28
ZA94447B (en) 1994-09-01
NO952830L (no) 1995-09-08
KR100286781B1 (ko) 2001-05-02
WO1994017160A1 (fr) 1994-08-04
RU2161640C2 (ru) 2001-01-10
NO310567B1 (no) 2001-07-23
FI120792B (fi) 2010-03-15
DK0680506T3 (da) 1997-08-18
EP0680506B1 (fr) 1997-01-22
NO952830D0 (no) 1995-07-17
AU5969794A (en) 1994-08-15
KR960700330A (ko) 1996-01-19
JP2634697B2 (ja) 1997-07-30
DE69401576D1 (de) 1997-03-06
ES2098125T3 (es) 1997-04-16
GR3022462T3 (en) 1997-04-30
ATE148157T1 (de) 1997-02-15
FI953499A0 (fi) 1995-07-20
AU676713B2 (en) 1997-03-20
CA2154344A1 (fr) 1994-08-04
FI953499L (fi) 1995-09-20
JPH08505893A (ja) 1996-06-25

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