EP0684443B1 - Dispositif permettant de solidariser deux conteneurs et conteneur associé un tel dispositif - Google Patents
Dispositif permettant de solidariser deux conteneurs et conteneur associé un tel dispositif Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0684443B1 EP0684443B1 EP95401100A EP95401100A EP0684443B1 EP 0684443 B1 EP0684443 B1 EP 0684443B1 EP 95401100 A EP95401100 A EP 95401100A EP 95401100 A EP95401100 A EP 95401100A EP 0684443 B1 EP0684443 B1 EP 0684443B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- container
- hook
- containers
- integral
- hooks
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 Polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003323 beak Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
- F42B3/02—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive adapted to be united into assemblies
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
- F42B5/38—Separately-loaded propellant charges, e.g. cartridge bags
Definitions
- the technical field of the invention is that of containers capable of receiving a propellant charge and more particularly that of the containers used in the large caliber or tank artillery.
- Modular cylindrical containers have already been defined and produced of combustible material. Thanks to their rigidity, such containers are easier than traditional powder sachets.
- Patent FR2672672 describes a container connection device which comprises on the one hand a sliding ring and on the other hand hook-and-loop fastening means arranged on a front face of the container.
- Such a device is complex and expensive to manufacture.
- the means proposed are delicate to implement. Indeed, so that the ring can slide it is necessary that the radial positioning of the two containers be correct.
- the attachment means are active whatever the relative radial position of the two containers. This results in difficulty for position and then join the two containers together.
- the invention thus provides a container linking device which is simple and cheap.
- This device makes it easy to ensure a rigid and reliable connection of two containers without additional parts and while allowing separation just as easy. Depending on operational needs, this device can also be easily taken out of service.
- the invention also relates to a container which can be made integral another container at one of its front faces, by means of such a connecting device.
- the invention can be applied to the production of modular loads as well as loads in at least two loads, one carrying the main load and its igniter tube and the other the projectile (and possibly, but not necessarily, a secondary charge).
- the subject of the invention is a device making it possible to secure at the level of their front faces a first and a second container, the second container carrying a circular groove, device characterized in that it comprises on the first container at least three hooks, axially movable relative to the container, and each comprising a spout intended to be positioned at the level of the circular groove of the second container, the spout having a profile cooperating with a complementary profile carried by the groove so as to ensure an axial locking of the containers
- the profile carried by the circular groove has at least one substantially conical surface with the tip of the cone facing the front of the second container.
- the conical surface of the complementary profiles has a half angle at vertex of around 80 °.
- Each hook can be translated into a housing arranged on the surface external of the first container, housing which ensures the axial guidance of the hook.
- the hook has a tenon which can move axially inside a light produced on the external surface of the first container to come into abutment against a flange of a lid secured to the first container and also a elastic fold.
- the hook has a heel which after axial displacement of the hook up to abutment of the post against the cover is brought back by the elastic fold in abutment against the flange, the tenon and the heel enclosing the flange so as to ensure locking axial of the hook.
- the hooks will be secured to a threaded ring mounted on a threaded cylindrical part of a cover integral with the first container.
- the hooks will be made of a plastic material such as Polyoxymethylene or High density polyethylene or polyamide.
- the invention also relates to a container, in particular for a propellant charge, intended to be secured to another container at level of one of its front faces by a device according to the invention, container characterized by that it comprises at least three housings arranged on its external surface and intended to each receive an axially movable hook.
- the housing will be made on an envelope of the container and on a cover secured to the envelope.
- the cover will have a collar on a front part of which open the accommodation.
- the container will have a cover integral with an envelope and having a threaded cylindrical part intended for cooperate with a threaded ring carrying hooks.
- a first container 1a is intended to be returned secured to a second container 1b at its front face 2a. This last will then be in contact with the front face 2b of the second container.
- the two containers are shown here in half-view / half-section, the part upper part being cut axially and the lower part being shown in view external.
- Each container comprises a cylindrical envelope 3a, 3b produced in a combustible material such as nitrocellulose, cardboard or a mixture cardboard / nitrocellulose.
- the containers 1a and 1b are shown here partially. They are intended receiving a propellant charge in grains or sticks (not shown).
- the container 1b carries at its other end a projectile (not shown) which will be made integral with the envelope 3b by a connecting ring (for example similar to that described by patent FR2620214).
- the container carries at its other end a base (not shown) provided with a igniter tube (see for example patent FR2672672 which shows the fixing of such a base on the envelope).
- the container 1a comprises on the side of its front face 2a, a cover 4 produced high density polyethylene or polyamide plastic material, which is made secured to the casing 3a, for example by gluing, at a span cylindrical 5a.
- the cover 4 comprises a flange 9a against which abuts a end 10a of the envelope 3a.
- the container 1b has on the side of its front face 2b, a bottom 6 made of High density polyethylene or polyamide plastic material.
- the bottom 6 is secured to the envelope 3b, for example by gluing, at a span cylindrical 5b.
- One end 10b of the envelope bears against a flange 9b from the bottom 6.
- the covers and the bottoms are closed by end caps 7a, 7b which are also made of combustible material.
- the plugs 7a, 7b are returned secured respectively to the cover 4 and the bottom 6, for example by gluing. They have axial openings 8a and 8b intended to facilitate the transmission of flame from one container to another when igniting the propellant charge. These openings are obstructed in a known manner by means of combustible sheets (not represented).
- the container carries the hooks 11 made of plastic material of the type Polyoxymethylene or High density polyethylene or polyamide.
- the hooks which are here six in number regularly angularly spaced, are intended to ensure the joining of the two containers. They are inserted into housings 12 which allow their displacement in an axial direction of the container and ensure their guidance during this movement.
- Each housing 12 arranged on the external surface of the container is constituted a light 13 made in the wall of the envelope 3a and opening at the end 10a, as well as a longitudinal groove 14 produced in the cover 4.
- Figures 2a and 2b show an embodiment of the following cover 4 two views, Figure 2a being a right view of Figure 2b which is a half section / half view.
- the cover 4 comprises, at the cylindrical surface 5a, six grooves longitudinal 14 regularly angularly spaced. These open on the side of the front face 2a by crossing the collar 9a. Such a cover is obtained by molding
- Figures 3a and 3b show an embodiment of a hook 11 according to two views, Figure 3b being a top view of Figure 3a.
- This hook has a width L slightly less than the width of the groove longitudinal 14 of the cover 4 and comprises a tenon 16 of width substantially less than the width of the light 13 of the envelope, in order to allow the axial displacement of the hook in the housing 12.
- an elastic fold 15 intended to ensure axial retention of the hook in the housing 12 by radial jamming thereof between the internal surface of the envelope and the bottom of the longitudinal groove 14.
- the hook comprises at the other end a spout 20 intended to be inserted at a circular groove 18 made on the bottom 6 of the second container 1b.
- the spout has a length less than the width of the circular groove 18.
- the spout 20 comprises a profile 19a intended to cooperate with a second profile complementary 19b produced at the level of the circular groove 18.
- These two profiles are each consisting of a conical surface 25a, 25b whose half-angles at the top x are substantially identical, less than 90 ° and preferably of the order of 80 °.
- the profile 19b is such that the top of the cone generated by the conical surface 25b is oriented towards the front face 2b of the container 1b.
- FIG. 4 represents the two preceding containers 1a and 1b linked by the securing device according to the first embodiment.
- the containers have been brought into contact with each other at their faces frontal 2a, 2b.
- the alignment of the containers can be achieved by bowls and bulges of complementary shape made at the plugs 7a, 7b, as described in patent FR2711209 (not shown here).
- the hooks 11 have been moved axially so that the two profiles complementary 19a, 19b of the hooks and the groove 18 cooperate. Move axial of each hook is achievable by manually pressing on the elastic folding and sliding the hook towards the front faces 2a, 2b.
- each hook is ensured by the presence of the lug 16 and heel 17 which, under the action of the elastic fold 15 enclose the collar 9a of the cover 4 to form stops.
- the hooks thus ensure a joining rigid and reliable of the two containers.
- the spout 20 has a slope 23 of conicity substantially equal to that of a conical bearing 24 produced on the background 6.
- the plug 7a can be part integral with the cover 4 to form a single piece. So is even for the bottom 6 and the plug 7b.
- the cover carrying the hooks can also be secured to the carrying container the projectile and the bottom be integral with that carrying the base.
- the hooks 11 have an external profile substantially equal to the external diameter of the containers 1a, 1b. So when they are in their locked position (fig 4), they are held in this position by the internal surface of the chamber of the weapon (not shown). Such an arrangement increases the rigidity of the connection and ensures the possibility of extracting from the room the two containers linked to each other.
- the disassembly of the link is very easy, it suffices to release each hook 11 of its groove 18 by grasping it with the hand.
- the elasticity of the hook material facilitates the release thereof.
- Figure 5 shows before securing two containers according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- the container 1b has on the side of its front face 2b, a bottom 6 identical to that of figure 1.
- the container 1a comprises on the side of its front face 2a, a cover 4 produced high density polyethylene or polyamide plastic material, which is made secured to the casing 3a, for example by gluing at a cylindrical surface 5a.
- the cover 4 comprises a flange 9a against which abuts a end 10a of the envelope 3a.
- the cover 4 has a threaded cylindrical part 21 on which is engaged a threaded ring 22.
- the ring 22 has at its front periphery hooks 11 whose spout 20 is identical to that described above in Figures 1 to 4.
- the hooks here at number six, are intended to ensure the joining of the two containers by cooperation of the hook profile 19a and the complementary profile 19b carried by the background 6.
- FIG. 6 represents the two preceding containers 1a and 1b of FIG. 5 linked by the securing device according to this second embodiment of the invention.
- the axial displacement of the hooks 11 is ensured here by means of the ring tapped 22, which by screwing and unscrewing, can translate relative to the cover 4.
- the hooks 11 can then be positioned in the circular groove 18 via their beak 20, as shown in FIG. 6.
- This second embodiment has the advantage of being able to ensure the joining two containers in a single operation thanks to the ring 22 which positions all the hooks at once in the circular groove 18 and makes it possible to produce tightening after positioning the spouts which increases the rigidity of the connection.
- FIG. 7 represents a container of modular type according to the invention.
- This container made of combustible material, is intended to be assembled with other completely identical containers in order to constitute a load artillery propellant.
- It consists of a combustible envelope 3, closed by two plugs 7a and 7b.
- One end of the container carries a bottom 6 having a groove 18, the other end carries a cover 4 fitted with hooks 11.
- the hooks are left in their storage position in which they remain because the elastic fold 15 ensures the axial maintenance of each hook in its housing by radial wedging.
- the hooks are translated axially until their beak is hooked into the groove 18 of another container.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Closures For Containers (AREA)
- Rigid Containers With Two Or More Constituent Elements (AREA)
- Details Of Rigid Or Semi-Rigid Containers (AREA)
- Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
Description
- la figure 1 représente en demi-coupe/demi-vue partielle et avant leur solidarisation, deux conteneurs selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention,
- les figures 2a et 2b représentent un mode de réalisation du couvercle suivant deux vues.
- les figures 3a et 3b représentent un mode de réalisation d'un crochet selon l'invention, suivant deux vues,
- la figure 4 représente les conteneurs de la figure 1 liés par un dispositif de solidarisation selon l'invention,
- la figure 5 représente en demi-coupe/demi-vue partielle et avant solidarisation, deux conteneurs selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention,
- la figure 6 représente les conteneurs de la figure 5 liés par un dispositif de solidarisation,
- la figure 7 représente un conteneur de type modulaire selon l'invention.
Claims (13)
- Dispositif permettant de solidariser au niveau de leurs faces frontales (2a,2b), un premier et un deuxième conteneur (1a,1b), le deuxième conteneur portant une rainure circulaire (18), dispositif caractérisé en ce qu 'il comprend sur le premier conteneur au moins trois crochets (11), déplaçables axialement par rapport au conteneur, et qui comportent chacun un bec (20) destiné à être positionné au niveau de la rainure circulaire du deuxième conteneur, le bec ayant un profil (19a) coopérant avec un profil complémentaire (19b) porté par la rainure de façon à assurer un verrouillage axial des conteneurs.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le profil (19b) porté par la rainure circulaire (18) présente au moins une surface sensiblement conique (25b) dont le sommet du cône est orienté vers la face frontale (2b) du deuxième conteneur.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la surface conique (25a,25b) des profils complémentaires (19a,19b) présente un demi-angle au sommet de l'ordre de 80°.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que chaque crochet (11) peut se translater dans un logement (12) aménagé sur la surface externe du premier conteneur, logement qui assure le guidage axial du crochet.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le crochet (11) présente un tenon (16) pouvant se déplacer axialement à l'intérieur d'une lumière (13) réalisée sur la surface externe du premier conteneur pour venir en butée contre une collerette (9a) d'un couvercle (4) solidaire du premier conteneur.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le crochet (11) présente un repli élastique (15).
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que le crochet (11) présente un talon (17) qui après déplacement axial du crochet jusqu'en butée du tenon (16) contre le couvercle (4) est ramené par le repli élastique (15) en butée contre la collerette (9a), le tenon et le talon enserrant la collerette de façon à assurer le verrouillage axial du crochet.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les crochets (11) sont solidaires d'une bague taraudée (22) montée sur une partie cylindrique filetée (21) d'un couvercle (4) solidaire du premier conteneur.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que les crochets (11) sont réalisés en une matière plastique du type Polyoxyméthylène ou Polyéthylène Haute densité ou polyamide.
- Conteneur, en particulier pour un chargement propulsif, destiné à être rendu solidaire d'un autre conteneur au niveau d'une de ses faces frontales (2a,2b) par un dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, conteneur caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins trois logements (12) aménagés sur sa surface externe et destinés à recevoir chacun un crochet (11) déplaçable axialement.
- Conteneur selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que le logement (12) est réalisé sur une enveloppe (3a) du conteneur et sur un couvercle (4) solidaire de l'enveloppe.
- Conteneur selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que le couvercle (4) présente une collerette (9a) sur une partie avant de laquelle débouchent les logements (12).
- Conteneur, en particulier pour un chargement propulsif, destiné à être rendu solidaire d'un autre conteneur au niveau d'une de ses faces frontales (2a,2b) par un dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, conteneur caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un couvercle (4) solidaire d'une enveloppe (3a) et présentant une partie cylindrique filetée (21) destinée à coopérer avec une bague taraudée (22) portant des crochets (11).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9406305A FR2720495B1 (fr) | 1994-05-25 | 1994-05-25 | Dispositif permettant de solidariser deux conteneurs et conteneur associé à un tel dispositif. |
| FR9406305 | 1994-05-25 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0684443A1 EP0684443A1 (fr) | 1995-11-29 |
| EP0684443B1 true EP0684443B1 (fr) | 1999-03-24 |
Family
ID=9463479
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP95401100A Expired - Lifetime EP0684443B1 (fr) | 1994-05-25 | 1995-05-11 | Dispositif permettant de solidariser deux conteneurs et conteneur associé un tel dispositif |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5649638A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0684443B1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE69508465T2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2720495B1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19749486A1 (de) * | 1997-11-08 | 1999-05-12 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Verbindung von Rohrabschnitten verbrennbarer Treibladungshülsen |
| US6055713A (en) * | 1998-02-17 | 2000-05-02 | Genei Industries Incorporated | Container and method of forming |
| US6026553A (en) * | 1998-05-05 | 2000-02-22 | Micron Electronics, Inc. | Method for stacking receptacles |
| US6015046A (en) * | 1998-05-05 | 2000-01-18 | Micron Eletronics, Inc. | Stackable receptacle |
| CA2344813A1 (fr) * | 1998-08-18 | 2000-03-02 | Mattel, Inc. | Train d'engrenages a modules emboites |
| AT412510B (de) * | 2001-09-19 | 2005-03-25 | Oregon Ets Patentverwertung | Geschoss |
| US6688470B2 (en) | 2002-02-11 | 2004-02-10 | Oliver Products Company | Food carrier |
| US20030150768A1 (en) * | 2002-02-11 | 2003-08-14 | Dege Paul T. | Food carrier |
| DE10229803B4 (de) * | 2002-07-03 | 2006-07-27 | Eurocopter Deutschland Gmbh | Verbindungsanordnung zur lösbaren Verbindung eines ersten flexiblen Tanks mit einem zweiten flexiblen Tank eines Luftfahrzeugs |
| US20070012693A1 (en) * | 2005-06-03 | 2007-01-18 | Kummer William J | Interlocking Assembly of Containers, Closures, Holding Apparatus and Methodology |
| ITMI20061349A1 (it) * | 2006-07-12 | 2008-01-13 | Marco Alessandro Piacenza | Sistema di contenitori indipendenti impilabili |
| FR2905939B1 (fr) * | 2006-09-15 | 2008-11-14 | Oreal | Dispositif de conditionnement et d'application a double recipient |
| US20100230408A1 (en) * | 2009-03-16 | 2010-09-16 | Yaffa Licari | System for interconnecting covered under-bed storage boxes |
| JP5561789B2 (ja) * | 2011-08-16 | 2014-07-30 | Necアクセステクニカ株式会社 | 原稿サイズ検出装置 |
| DE102017009135A1 (de) * | 2017-09-28 | 2019-03-28 | vhf tools AG | Verpackungsbehälter für einen länglichen Gegenstand wie einen Fräser, Bohrer oder dgl. |
| CN107687794B (zh) * | 2017-10-20 | 2023-06-20 | 贵州大学 | 安装有定向爆破机构的爆破筒 |
| CN110454633B (zh) * | 2019-08-29 | 2020-06-02 | 燕山大学 | 一种管道自动连接锁紧装置 |
| CN113008091B (zh) * | 2021-03-05 | 2022-03-08 | 南京工业大学 | 一种用于提高隧道光面爆破效果的聚能缓冲装置及其方法 |
| DE102024102719A1 (de) * | 2024-01-31 | 2025-07-31 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Kontaktierungseinheit und patronierte Munition |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2415422A (en) * | 1943-01-28 | 1947-02-11 | Du Pont | Blasting explosive assembly |
| US2865290A (en) * | 1955-02-07 | 1958-12-23 | American Cyanamid Co | Cartridge coupling device |
| US2857844A (en) * | 1956-03-15 | 1958-10-28 | Olin Mathieson | Explosive assembly |
| NL265662A (fr) * | 1960-06-07 | |||
| FR1291315A (fr) * | 1960-06-07 | 1962-04-20 | Wasagchemie Ag | Accouplement détachable pour corps cylindriques |
| US3208620A (en) * | 1963-09-03 | 1965-09-28 | North American Aviation Inc | Industrial modular container |
| US3185092A (en) * | 1964-01-10 | 1965-05-25 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Explosive container with yieldable seal |
| US3384259A (en) * | 1966-06-23 | 1968-05-21 | Howard F Weitecamp | Dual thermal carrier |
| US3485408A (en) * | 1968-04-03 | 1969-12-23 | Frederick E Benesch | Multi-sectioned container |
| FR2098668A5 (en) * | 1970-07-23 | 1972-03-10 | Pasquier Roger | Connecting sleeve - for elongated metallic explosive charges |
| DE2705235A1 (de) * | 1977-02-08 | 1978-08-17 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Leichte patrone |
| FR2620214B1 (fr) * | 1987-09-09 | 1990-04-13 | France Etat Armement | Bague de liaison entre un projectile et une douille |
| FR2672672B1 (fr) * | 1991-02-11 | 1993-04-16 | Giat Ind Sa | Conteneur pouvant recevoir une charge propulsive. |
| FR2711209B1 (fr) * | 1993-10-14 | 1996-02-09 | Giat Ind Sa | Dispositif de solidarisation de conteneurs et conteneur associé à un tel dispositif. |
-
1994
- 1994-05-25 FR FR9406305A patent/FR2720495B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-05-11 EP EP95401100A patent/EP0684443B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-05-11 DE DE69508465T patent/DE69508465T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-05-19 US US08/445,291 patent/US5649638A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69508465D1 (de) | 1999-04-29 |
| FR2720495B1 (fr) | 1996-07-19 |
| US5649638A (en) | 1997-07-22 |
| FR2720495A1 (fr) | 1995-12-01 |
| EP0684443A1 (fr) | 1995-11-29 |
| DE69508465T2 (de) | 1999-07-08 |
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