EP0692921B1 - Dispositif de prise de son par microphone électret - Google Patents
Dispositif de prise de son par microphone électret Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0692921B1 EP0692921B1 EP19950401674 EP95401674A EP0692921B1 EP 0692921 B1 EP0692921 B1 EP 0692921B1 EP 19950401674 EP19950401674 EP 19950401674 EP 95401674 A EP95401674 A EP 95401674A EP 0692921 B1 EP0692921 B1 EP 0692921B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- differential
- microphone
- electret microphone
- input
- preamplifier stage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R19/00—Electrostatic transducers
- H04R19/04—Microphones
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/02—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
- H04R1/04—Structural association of microphone with electric circuitry therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R19/00—Electrostatic transducers
- H04R19/01—Electrostatic transducers characterised by the use of electrets
- H04R19/016—Electrostatic transducers characterised by the use of electrets for microphones
Definitions
- the invention relates to a sound recording device. by electret microphone.
- the final cost of the product essentially depends the type of microphone used, the cost of which varies as a direct result of its quality.
- the recording requires the use of several microphones, such as in the case of group communication terminals, acoustic antennas or video or audio conference rooms, the overall cost can become very high.
- Dynamic microphones are generally used for sound recording in shows and in studio, because of their very high quality, but their price high and their irreducible size do not intend them sound recording for telephone terminals, or any making sound economic.
- Electret microphones providing a weak useful signal, require a preamplifier in order to bring the output signal of the electret capsule to a level of the order of a volt.
- the electret capsule must be supplied with electrical energy, since it incorporates a field effect transistor.
- the electret microphone M comprising a point connected to ground and a point receiving the electrical supply and delivering the useful audio signal, the usual arrangement is shown in FIG. 1a.
- the output level of the useful signal which varies from a few hundred microvolts to a few tens of millivolts, depending on the sensitivity of the capsules and the position of the microphone relative to the source, i.e.
- this mounting requires the implementation of a high gain preamplification stage.
- the presence of this significant gain makes the assembly very sensitive to power supply noise and electromagnetic disturbances. Indeed, if the supply voltage VM is not perfectly regulated, the variations thereof are seen as a useful signal by the preamplification stage. The same is true for electromagnetic radiation or parasites, which affect the useful input of the preamplification stage.
- Such sound recording systems are said to be noisy, because these, on the one hand, have a low signal ratio noise when the power supply is not perfectly regulated, rate of change less than or equal to 0.5%, and, on the other hand, are very sensitive to electromagnetic radiation interference, 50 Hz, if the mounting is not perfectly armored.
- the object of the present invention is to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks, by the use of a device sound recording by differential type electret microphone in which any transformer is removed.
- Another object of the present invention is also the implementation of a sound recording device by good quality electret microphone, due to sound operating in differential mode.
- the device for taking sound from an electret microphone, object of the present invention, in which signals delivered by the electret microphone are amplified by means of a differential preamplifier stage, is remarkable in that it comprises a link by connection capacity between each output terminal of the electret microphone and an input of the differential preamplifier stage.
- a symmetrical bias circuit of the output terminals of the electret microphone is provided, which comprises a first and a second voltage source, symmetrical with respect to a reference voltage, and each connected to an output terminal of the electret microphone.
- the electret microphone sound recording device object of the present invention finds application to the realization of quality sound recording systems in the telecommunications, voice recognition, acoustic antennas.
- the sound pickup device In order to amplify the signals delivered by the electret microphone M by means of a preamplifier stage differential 3, the sound pickup device according to the invention includes, as shown in FIG. 2 above, one link 1 per link capacity between each electret microphone output terminal M and an input of the differential preamplifier stage 3. The capacities of link bear the reference 11 and 12 in FIG. 2.
- a symmetrical bias circuit of the electret microphone output terminals M is provided, this circuit bearing the reference 2 in FIG. 2 above.
- first 21 and a second 22 voltage source each voltage source 21, 22 is connected via resistance 210, respectively 220, to a electret microphone output terminal M.
- the polarization 2 must be symmetrical, the supply voltages -VM and + VM delivered by sources 21 and 22 being opposite, resistors 210 and 220 and capacitors 11 and 12 being identical, for rejection in common mode.
- the differential preamplifier stage 3 can advantageously include on each input channel a preamplifier device in non-differential mode, marked 30 respectively 31.
- the preamplifiers in non-differential mode 30 and 31 can comprise in a conventional manner a positive terminal forming an input terminal for the signals delivered by the connection capacities 11 respectively 12, and resistive feedback coupling through resistors 301 respectively 311 on the terminal corresponding negative.
- the output resistors 302 and 312 are used to drive a differential amplifier outlet 32, which can conventionally include a positive terminal forming input terminal connected to the output of the preamplifier 31 via a resistor 321 and with a capacity 322 in parallel connected between the terminal above positive input and the reference voltage, and a negative input terminal connected on the one hand, in feedback by a circuit 320 capacity 323 at the terminal of output of amplifier 32, and, on the other hand, to the resistor 302 of the preamplifier output in non-differential mode 30.
- each preamplifier device in non-differential mode 30 and 31 is connected to the reference voltage by via an input resistor 300, respectively 310.
- an adjustable resistance 313 is provided, this resistance connecting the two negative inputs of each preamplifier device in non-differential mode 30 and 31.
- Resistor 313 may include a resistor non-adjustable non-zero value and thus allows to make a gain difference adjustment in non-differential mode of the preamplifier devices non-differential 30 and 31 above.
- a noticeable improvement in the system, the subject of the present invention, as shown in Figure 3, can then be brought, as shown in Figure 4, so to reduce the noise inherent in the two supply voltages 21 and 22 in the case in particular where disturbances of non-symmetrical noise would appear on these power supplies.
- the microphone sound pickup device electret, object of the present invention further comprises, between the differential preamplifier stage 3 and the link by link capacity, on each of the input channels of the aforementioned differential preamplifier stage 3, a circuit of reverse coupling of each of the input channels to the circuit of symmetrical polarization.
- This inverted coupling circuit said feed rejection, allows to re-inject at level of each input terminal of the preamplifier stage differential the voltages delivered by the sources of inverted symmetrical voltages, deprived of their components continue.
- the coupling circuit 4 has a first and a second circuit, each formed by a resistor and an electric capacitor in series, bearing the references 211, 212, respectively 221, 222.
- the first circuit 211, 212 is connected between the second negative voltage source 21 and the first input of the differential amplifier stage 3, i.e. downstream of link capacity 11.
- the second circuit 221, 222 is connected between the first positive voltage source 20 and the second input of the differential preamplifier stage 3, that is to say downstream of the connection capacity 12.
- the supply rejection circuit 4 must be identical to bias circuit 2, resistor 211 being identical at resistor 210, resistor 221 identical to the resistance 220, capacity 212 identical to capacity 12 and the capacity 222 identical to the capacity 11.
- FIG. 5a shows the response of the assembly of the prior art shown in figure there to a disturbance of the electricity supply sector, that is to say at a frequency of 50 Hz.
- FIG. 5a is graduated in ordinates in decibels and, on the abscissa, in frequencies. The tests were carried out in the presence of a pink noise and a line at 50 Hz due to a disturbance of the sector as well as the harmonic frequencies thereof.
- the response of the circuit as shown in the figure the relative in the prior art, clearly exhibits a noise interference at the frequency of the previously mentioned sector.
- the microphone pickup device electret, object of the present invention, previously described, is particularly advantageous insofar as, by simply replacing the transformer with a circuit capacity link coupling, results, as sound recording, are however identical to the circuits of the prior art comprising such transformers, then that the cost prices of implementing these circuits have been notoriously reduced.
- circuits in accordance with the object of the present invention, is particularly advantageous in acoustic antennas or in complex circuits requiring sound recording quality.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
- Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
Description
- les microphones dynamiques, qui consistent en des capsules traduisant directement le mouvement de l'air, la pression acoustique, en signal électrique, ce type de capsule, passive car ne nécessitant aucune alimentation électrique, délivrant un signal très faible, lequel, de préférence, doit être amplifié au moyen d'un transformateur de très haute qualité ;
- les microphones électret, lesquels fonctionnent selon le principe de variation de capacité entre deux membranes chargées électriquement, intègrent en sortie un transistor à effet de champ et qui, grâce à cet élément actif, délivrent un signal d'amplitude plus élevée que les précédents. En contrepartie toutefois, il est nécessaire de prévoir une alimentation électrique pour ce type de microphone.
La présence de ce gain important rend le montage très sensible au bruit de l'alimentation et aux perturbations d'origine électromagnétique. En effet, si la tension d'alimentation VM n'est pas parfaitement régulée, les variations de celle-ci sont vues comme un signal utile par l'étage de préamplification. Il en est de même pour les rayonnements ou parasites électromagnétiques, lesquels affectent l'entrée utile de l'étage de préamplification.
- Le document EP-A-0 055 650 décrit la liaison des bornes de sortie d'un microphone électret aux entrées positive et négative d'un amplificateur différentiel par capacité et résistance de polarisation, les résistances de polarisation étant portées à la tension d'alimentation respectivement la tension de référence, la masse.
- Le document DE 39 33870 décrit une alimentation d'un microphone par l'intermédiaire d'un câble et de conducteurs, le blindage étant porté au potentiel de masse et servant de deuxième pôle d'alimentation de courant. Le microphone, formé par deux capsules microphoniques, est soumis à un pilotage en tension, afin de permettre une modification des caractéristiques de transfert du microphone.
Un circuit de polarisation symétrique des bornes de sortie du microphone électret est prévu, lequel comprend une première et une deuxième source de tension, symétriques par rapport à une tension de référence, et reliées chacune à une borne de sortie du microphone électret.
- la figure 2 représente un schéma de principe d'un dispositif de prise de son à microphone électret, objet de la présente invention,
- la figure 3 représente un schéma complet d'un dispositif de prise de son à microphone électret, conforme à l'objet de la présente invention, tel que représenté en figure 2,
- la figure 4 représente une variante avantageuse de mise en oeuvre du dispositif de prise de son à microphone électret tel que représenté en figure 3,
- les figures 5a et 5b représentent des courbes de réponse en fréquence du montage de la figure la, relatif à l'art antérieur, respectivement du descriptif de prise de son selon l'invention, tel que représenté en figure 4.
Claims (4)
- Dispositif de prise de son à partir d'un microphone électret, dans lequel les signaux délivrés par le microphone électret (M) sont amplifiés au moyen d'un étage préamplificateur différentiel (3), ce dispositif comprenant une liaison par capacité de liaison (11,12) entre chaque borne de sortie du microphone électret et une entrée de l'étage préamplificateur différentiel (3), caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens (2) de polarisation symétrique des bornes de sortie dudit microphone électret (M), comprenant une première (21) et une deuxième (22) source de tension, symétrique par rapport à une tension de référence, chacune reliée à une borne de sortie du microphone électret (M).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit étage préamplificateur différentiel (3) comprend sur chaque voie d'entrée un dispositif préamplificateur (30,31) en mode non différentiel.
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que celui-ci comporte en outre, entre l'étage préamplificateur différentiel (3) et ladite capacité de liaison (11,12), sur chacune des voies d'entrée de l'étage préamplificateur différentiel, des moyens (4) de couplage inversé de chacune des voies d'entrée auxdits moyens (2) de polarisation symétrique, de façon à réinjecter au niveau de chaque borne d'entrée de l'étage préamplificateur différentiel (3) lesdites sources de tension symétriques inversées, privées de leur composante continue.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens (4) de couplage comportent un premier et un deuxième circuit formé par une résistance (211,221) et un condensateur électrique (212,222) en série, le premier circuit étant connecté entre la deuxième (22) source de tension négative et la première entrée de l'étage préamplificateur différentiel (3), et le deuxième circuit étant connecté entre la première (21) source de tension positive et la deuxième entrée de l'étage préamplificateur différentiel (3).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9408807 | 1994-07-15 | ||
| FR9408807A FR2722636B1 (fr) | 1994-07-15 | 1994-07-15 | Dispositif de prise de son par microphone electret |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0692921A1 EP0692921A1 (fr) | 1996-01-17 |
| EP0692921B1 true EP0692921B1 (fr) | 2001-10-04 |
Family
ID=9465436
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19950401674 Expired - Lifetime EP0692921B1 (fr) | 1994-07-15 | 1995-07-12 | Dispositif de prise de son par microphone électret |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0692921B1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE69523004T2 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2164140T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2722636B1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2769164B1 (fr) * | 1997-09-26 | 2002-10-31 | Alain Maurice Ange Magagnini | Dispositif micro electrostatique a interface circuit integre |
| KR100459565B1 (ko) * | 2001-12-04 | 2004-12-03 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 전화기의 에코 및 노이즈 감소장치 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3778561A (en) * | 1972-06-21 | 1973-12-11 | Bell Canada Northern Electric | Electret microphone |
| FR2497433A1 (fr) * | 1980-12-31 | 1982-07-02 | Thomson Csf Mat Tel | Circuit de liaison d'un microphone actif, en particulier a electret a un circuit de transmission telephonique |
| DE3933870C2 (de) * | 1989-10-11 | 1999-07-22 | Neumann Gmbh Georg | Verfahren und Schaltungsanordnung zum Steuern von Mikrofonen |
| JP2734265B2 (ja) * | 1991-12-12 | 1998-03-30 | 日本電気株式会社 | エレクトレット・コンデンサ・マイクロフォン用増幅回路 |
| US5315231A (en) * | 1992-11-16 | 1994-05-24 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Symmetrical bipolar bias current source with high power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) |
-
1994
- 1994-07-15 FR FR9408807A patent/FR2722636B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-07-12 EP EP19950401674 patent/EP0692921B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-07-12 DE DE1995623004 patent/DE69523004T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-07-12 ES ES95401674T patent/ES2164140T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69523004T2 (de) | 2002-06-06 |
| EP0692921A1 (fr) | 1996-01-17 |
| FR2722636B1 (fr) | 1996-09-20 |
| FR2722636A1 (fr) | 1996-01-19 |
| DE69523004D1 (de) | 2001-11-08 |
| ES2164140T3 (es) | 2002-02-16 |
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