EP0702155A2 - Pump for hot and corrosive fluids - Google Patents

Pump for hot and corrosive fluids Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0702155A2
EP0702155A2 EP95113673A EP95113673A EP0702155A2 EP 0702155 A2 EP0702155 A2 EP 0702155A2 EP 95113673 A EP95113673 A EP 95113673A EP 95113673 A EP95113673 A EP 95113673A EP 0702155 A2 EP0702155 A2 EP 0702155A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pump
drive part
pump body
hot
stator ring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95113673A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0702155B1 (en
EP0702155A3 (en
Inventor
Hans-Ulrich Dr. Dummersdorf
Helmut Dr. Waldmann
Helmut Dr. Härle
Franz-Rudolf Dr. Minz
Fritz Dr. Gestermann
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Bayer AG
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Bayer AG
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Publication of EP0702155A3 publication Critical patent/EP0702155A3/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C15/00—Component parts, details or accessories of machines, pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C2/00 - F04C14/00
    • F04C15/0096—Heating; Cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C15/00—Component parts, details or accessories of machines, pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C2/00 - F04C14/00
    • F04C15/0057—Driving elements, brakes, couplings, transmission specially adapted for machines or pumps
    • F04C15/0061—Means for transmitting movement from the prime mover to driven parts of the pump, e.g. clutches, couplings, transmissions
    • F04C15/0069—Magnetic couplings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pump for conveying corrosive media of high temperature and a method for operating this pump.
  • Pumps for conveying dangerous media are known.
  • magnetically coupled pumps are used to avoid tightness problems on otherwise inevitable drive shaft bushings.
  • the pumped medium itself is used to lubricate the bearing, which is usually located near the internal magnets, and thus fills the entire pump interior.
  • Various materials can be used for the entire pump interior for corrosive media.
  • the disadvantage of these pumps is that highly corrosive media cannot be pumped.
  • a pump unit for conveying hot media which has a cooling flow guide such that the cooling air flow of the electric motor driving the pump in the direction of the Bearing bracket and magnetic coupling is steered.
  • the operating temperature of the magnets and the bearings is reduced in a design-simplifying manner, even when hot media are conveyed, and the pump remains operational.
  • such a pump is not suitable for conveying hot and highly corrosive media, such as salt melts, since there are a large number of parts in the interior that come into contact with media and which would be corroded by the salt melt in a very short time.
  • DE-A 4 212 982 proposes a magnetically coupled pump for conveying hot fluids.
  • This invention also aims to cool bearings and magnets when conveying hot fluids so that the bearing and magnet temperatures are limited.
  • This object is achieved in that a coolant inflow channel is provided in the drive shaft for the outer magnet carrier, which is connected to a coolant gap, which in turn is connected to the outer magnet carrier and the inside of an existing outer capsule of the pump, the coolant from the Outer capsule is discharged again.
  • media can be pumped between 200 to 300 ° C, the storage temperatures max. 50 to 60 ° C should be.
  • the proposed pump cannot meet the requirement to ensure a secure seal against a highly corrosive medium to be conveyed directly in its bearing closest to the pump housing, which cannot be achieved with known sealing materials necessary in the construction presented.
  • the intended cooling of the inner bearings would lead to the crystallization of the salt melt in the bearing, which would have its destruction not only by corrosion but also by erosion.
  • a passage of molten salt from the pump housing through the internal bearings into the interior of the pump cannot be prevented with the proposed solution, since no suitable sealing materials are available. Such a process, however, destroys the pump within a very short time.
  • a pump with a drive part and a pump body in which the drive shaft is sealed off from the medium to be conveyed via a shaft seal, that the shaft seal consists of a stator ring fitted into the pump body and / or into the drive part, through which the drive shaft is passed, leaving a sealing gap free, that the pump body and the stator ring including all parts in contact with the media in the pump body are made of a corrosion and high temperature resistant material, that one or more dry-running bearings for mounting the drive shaft are arranged in the drive part and that the drive part has a gas flow channel with a feed and a discharge pipe, which is fluidically connected to the sealing gap.
  • a preferred embodiment is that the rotary movement in the drive part is transmitted to the lift shaft by a magnetic coupling.
  • the dry-running bearing in the drive part advantageously consists of a ceramic roller bearing.
  • the running surfaces of the dry-running bearing can be coated with an inorganic film, e.g. with carbon.
  • a further conventional shaft seal for example a mechanical seal, is arranged between the stator ring and the drive part.
  • the object is further achieved by a method for operating the pump, in which, according to the invention, the gas flow channel is acted upon via the supply nozzle with a hot gas which leaves the drive part again through the discharge nozzle, the admission pressure being set such that the static pressure of the gas in the gas flow channel above the stator ring lies above the pressure of the delivery medium which partially or completely fills the pump body.
  • the temperature of the hot gas is set to a value above 120 ° C. and the static pressure of the hot gas in the flow channel is set to a value above 1.5 bar.
  • Hot steam is advantageously used as the hot gas.
  • the hot gas pressure is expediently regulated by a control loop to a desired value which lies above the delivery pressure of the medium conveyed by the pump.
  • the invention is described in more detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing.
  • the figure shows the basic structure of a high temperature and corrosion resistant pump based on a magnetically coupled gear pump.
  • the pump is divided into pump body 1 and drive part 2, the pump body 1 and the drive part 2 being separated by a ceramic stator ring 3 fitted into the pump body 1, through which the drive shaft 4 (pump shaft) is guided.
  • the opening in the stator ring 3 for the passage of the pump shaft 4 has a slightly larger diameter than the pump shaft, so that a sealing gap 5 remains between the pump shaft 4 and the inner surface at the opening of the stator ring.
  • the pump body 1, including all parts in contact with the medium, is made of a high-temperature and corrosion-resistant material, such as ceramic, stoneware etc.
  • the actual pump consists of a gear pump 6, which is arranged in the pump body 1 and is also made of a ceramic material, including the pump shaft.
  • the hot corrosive medium to be pumped flows vertically through the intake port 7 of the gear pump 6 in the direction of the gear wheels, is compressed between the teeth and leaves the pump through a corresponding pressure port on the opposite side of the gear pump 6.
  • the pump shaft or drive shaft 4 is in the drive part 2 firmly connected to a cylindrical cage anchor 9, which can rotate freely in a correspondingly large housing opening 10 in the drive part 2.
  • the cage anchor 9 is mounted by means of ceramic roller bearings 11 which are arranged between the cage anchor 9 and a cylindrical bearing shell 12 which is fixedly connected to the pump part 1 and extends in the axial direction.
  • a pot-shaped rotor 13 is arranged concentrically around the cage anchor 9 in the drive part 2 and is connected to an electric motor via a drive shaft 14.
  • a magnetic pole ring 15 is arranged on the inside of the rotor 13, which together with a counter magnetic pole ring 16 forms a magnetic coupling on the cage armature 9, which serves to transmit the rotary movement from the motor shaft 14 to the drive / pump shaft 4.
  • the motor shaft 14 could also be directly connected to the drive shaft 4.
  • a further conventional seal e.g. a mechanical seal 17 can be provided.
  • the drive part 2 and in particular the cage anchor 9 is provided with a gas flow channel 18.
  • the gas flow channel 18 is supplied with hot gas or superheated steam via a feed connection 19.
  • the hot gas first flows through a radial, annular section, then through an axial gap parallel to the bearing shell 12, with the ceramic roller bearings 11 flowing around and finally leaves the drive part 2 through a discharge pipe 20.
  • the gas flow channel 18 is also parallel via an annular connecting channel 21 to the drive shaft 4 with the sealing gap 5 between the stator ring 3 and the drive shaft 4 in connection.
  • the admission pressure for the hot gas at the supply nozzle 19 is chosen so high that the static pressure of the superheated steam in the Connection gap 21 is above the pressure of the pumped medium in the gear pump 6. This can be avoided with certainty that the hot, aggressive fluid, such as a molten salt, gets through the sealing gap 5 and the mechanical seal 17 into the drive part 2.
  • the drive part can be made of metal except for the ceramic roller bearings 11, which is a decisive advantage of the invention.
  • the running surfaces of the roller bearing 11 are advantageously coated with a carbon film to reduce the sliding friction.
  • the pump according to the invention is based on the following operating principle:
  • the pumped medium for example a molten salt with a temperature of 500 ° C.
  • the pump shaft 4 is guided through the stator ring 3 with a small clearance (sealing gap 5).
  • the stator ring 3 separates the pump body 1 and the drive part 2 of the pump from one another except for the slight gap with respect to the pump shaft 4 or the pump body 1.
  • the drive part 2 is now steam at a pressure of 5.1 bar and a temperature of 180 ° C pressure controlled supplied, which leaves the drive part 2 via the gas discharge pipe 20 again.
  • the excess pressure of the steam in the drive part 2 prevents the liquid salt melt from passing through the sealing gap 5 between the stator ring 3 and the pump shaft 4, as well as the stator ring 3 and the pump body 1.
  • a small amount of steam flows from the drive part 2 into the molten salt, which is located in the pump body 1.
  • the small amount of steam flowing into the salt melt can be tolerated, insofar as the salt melt is neither chemically influenced, nor is the gear pump negatively affected by the vapor bubbles contained in the salt melt.
  • the superheated steam which flows through the drive part 2 has an important second function: it guarantees the important direct cooling of the pump magnets 16 and the dry running bearings 11 to temperatures below 350 ° C.
  • the vapor blocking of the drive part 2 effectively prevents the penetration of molten salt at 500 ° C. into the drive part 2 and cools the pump magnets 16 for dissipating heat flowing from the pump body 1 into the drive part 2 so that their function is not impaired.
  • the bearings 11 are also intensively cooled with superheated steam.
  • All components present in the drive part 2 have no contact with the pumped medium and, with the exception of the ceramic and dry-running bearing 11, can be made of ordinary stainless steel, for example.
  • the steam used in the drive part 2 of the pump, which heats up in the pump, can then be used further.
  • the pump should preferably be operated in an upright position so that the pump body 1 is located below and the drive part 2 is arranged above it.
  • the entire pump body 1 is electrically heated from the outside in order to keep the pump at the working temperature and to prevent thermal stresses in the ceramic components.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Rotary Pumps (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Dynamo-Electric Clutches, Dynamo-Electric Brakes (AREA)

Abstract

The pump has a drive portion (2) and a pump body (1) with a drive shaft (4) sealed against the medium by a shaft seal, consisting of a stator ring (3) fitted to the pump body and/or the drive portion. The drive shaft passes through the ring, leaving a free sealing gap (5). The pump body and the stator ring are completely made of corrosion and high temp. resistant material. The drive portion contains one or more dry bearings for the drive shaft. The drive portion comprises a feed (19) and an outlet branch (20), coupled for flow to the sealing gap.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Pumpe zur Förderung korrosiver Medien von hoher Temperatur und ein Verfahren zum Betrieb dieser Pumpe. Pumpen zur Förderung gefährlicher Medien sind bekannt. Meist werden dazu magnetgekoppelte Pumpen eingesetzt, um Dichtheitsprobleme an sonst unvermeidlichen Antriebswellendurchführungen zu vermeiden. Dabei wird das Fördermedium selbst zur Schmierung des Lagers, welches sich in der Regel in der Nähe der innenlaufenden Magneten befindet, benutzt, füllt also den gesamten Pumpeninnenraum aus. Für korrosive Medien können verschiedene Werkstoffe für den gesamten Pumpeninnenraum eingesetzt werden. Es ist auch bekannt, den Pumpenraum durch z.B. Gleitringdichtungen gegen den Pumpeninnenraum abzudichten und die in der Nähe der Innenmagnete liegenden Wellenlager separat zu schmieren, z.B. durch einen Seitenstrom des Fördermediums. Diese Pumpen haben den Nachteil, daß hochkorrosive Medien nicht gefördert werden können. Tritt zu diesem Problem nunmehr auch noch der Umstand hinzu, daß die zu fördernden hochkorrosiven Medien eine hohe Temperatur (> 300°C) besitzen, wie dies z.B. bei Salzschmelzen der Fall ist, existiert kein Dichtungsmaterial, was diesen beiden Anforderungen an Temperaturbeständigkeit und Korrosionsbeständigkeit genügt. Darüber hinaus verlieren die innenliegenden Pumpenmagnete zunehmend bei höheren Temperaturen ihren Magnetismus, der bei Temperaturen oberhalb von 400°C für die heute bekannten magnetischen Materialien allmählich verschwindet, was dazu führt, daß die Pumpe unbrauchbar wird.The invention relates to a pump for conveying corrosive media of high temperature and a method for operating this pump. Pumps for conveying dangerous media are known. Usually, magnetically coupled pumps are used to avoid tightness problems on otherwise inevitable drive shaft bushings. The pumped medium itself is used to lubricate the bearing, which is usually located near the internal magnets, and thus fills the entire pump interior. Various materials can be used for the entire pump interior for corrosive media. It is also known to pump the pump room e.g. Seal mechanical seals against the pump interior and lubricate the shaft bearings located near the internal magnets separately, e.g. through a side flow of the medium. The disadvantage of these pumps is that highly corrosive media cannot be pumped. If this problem is also compounded by the fact that the highly corrosive media to be conveyed is at a high temperature (> 300 ° C), as is the case with e.g. In the case of molten salt, there is no sealing material, which meets these two requirements for temperature resistance and corrosion resistance. In addition, the internal pump magnets increasingly lose their magnetism at higher temperatures, which gradually disappears at temperatures above 400 ° C. for the magnetic materials known today, which leads to the pump becoming unusable.

Im Gebrauchsmuster 8711555.7 wird ein Pumpenaggregat zum Fördern heißer Medien beschrieben, welches eine Kühlstromführung dergestalt besitzt, daß der Kühlluftstrom des die Pumpe antreibenden Elektromotors in Richtung auf die Lagerträger und Magnetkupplung gelenkt wird. Dadurch wird in konstruktionsvereinfachender Weise die Betriebstemperatur der Magnete und der Lager auch bei Förderung heißer Medien abgesenkt und die Pumpe bleibt betriebsfähig. Eine solche Pumpe eignet sich aber nicht zur Förderung heißer und hochkorrosiver Medien, wie Salzschmelzen, da eine große Zahl medienberührter Teile im Innenraum existiert, die durch die Salzschmelze in kürzester Zeit korrodiert würden.In utility model 8711555.7 a pump unit for conveying hot media is described, which has a cooling flow guide such that the cooling air flow of the electric motor driving the pump in the direction of the Bearing bracket and magnetic coupling is steered. As a result, the operating temperature of the magnets and the bearings is reduced in a design-simplifying manner, even when hot media are conveyed, and the pump remains operational. However, such a pump is not suitable for conveying hot and highly corrosive media, such as salt melts, since there are a large number of parts in the interior that come into contact with media and which would be corroded by the salt melt in a very short time.

In der DE-A 4 212 982 wird eine magnetgekuppelte Pumpe zur Förderung heißer Fördermedien vorgeschlagen. Diese Erfindung setzt sich ebenfalls zum Ziel, Lager und Magnete bei Förderung heißer Fördermedien so zu kühlen, daß die Lager- und Magnettemperaturen begrenzt werden. Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe dadurch, daß in der Antriebswelle für den Außenmagnetträger ein Kühlmittel-Zuströmkanal vorgesehen ist, der mit einem Kühlmittelspalt in Verbindung steht, der wiederum mit dem Außenmagnetträger und der Innenseite einer vorhandenen Außenkapsel der Pumpe in Verbindung steht, wobei die Kühlflüssigkeit aus der Außenkapsel wieder abgeführt wird. Mit einer dieser Lösung gemäßen Pumpe können Fördermedien zwischen 200 bis 300°C gefördert werden, wobei die Lagertemperaturen max. 50 bis 60°C betragen sollen. Die vorgeschlagene Pumpe kann allerdings die Forderung nicht erfüllen, unmittelbar in ihrer dem Pumpengehäuse am nächsten liegenden Lager eine sichere Abdichtung gegen ein zu förderndes hochkorrosives Medium zu gewährleisten, was mit bekannten, in der vorgestellten Konstruktion notwendigen Dichtmaterialien nicht zu verwirklichen ist. Darüber hinaus wurde die vorgesehene Kühlung der inneren Lager zur Auskristallisation der Salzschmelze im Lager führen, was dessen Zerstörung nicht nur durch Korrosion, sondern auch durch Erosion unmittelbar zur Folge hätte. Ein Durchtritt von Salzschmelze aus dem Pumpengehäuse durch die innenliegenden Lager in das Pumpeninnere kann mit der vorgeschlagenen Lösung nicht verhindert werden, da keine geeigneten Dichtmaterialien zur Verfügung stehen. Ein solcher Vorgang jedoch zerstört die Pumpe binnen kürzester Frist.DE-A 4 212 982 proposes a magnetically coupled pump for conveying hot fluids. This invention also aims to cool bearings and magnets when conveying hot fluids so that the bearing and magnet temperatures are limited. This object is achieved in that a coolant inflow channel is provided in the drive shaft for the outer magnet carrier, which is connected to a coolant gap, which in turn is connected to the outer magnet carrier and the inside of an existing outer capsule of the pump, the coolant from the Outer capsule is discharged again. With a pump suitable for this solution, media can be pumped between 200 to 300 ° C, the storage temperatures max. 50 to 60 ° C should be. However, the proposed pump cannot meet the requirement to ensure a secure seal against a highly corrosive medium to be conveyed directly in its bearing closest to the pump housing, which cannot be achieved with known sealing materials necessary in the construction presented. In addition, the intended cooling of the inner bearings would lead to the crystallization of the salt melt in the bearing, which would have its destruction not only by corrosion but also by erosion. A passage of molten salt from the pump housing through the internal bearings into the interior of the pump cannot be prevented with the proposed solution, since no suitable sealing materials are available. Such a process, however, destroys the pump within a very short time.

Es stellte sich daher die Aufgabe, eine Pumpe und ein Verfahren zum Betrieb dieser Pumpe zu finden, welche es gestatten, hochkorrosive und hochtemperierte Medien, wie z.B. Chlorid oder Cu-Salzschmelzen mit Temperaturen über 400°C, zu fördern, wobei die Pumpe einen einfachen Aufbau hat, sowie betriebssicher und kostengünstig zu betreiben ist.It was therefore the task to find a pump and a method for operating this pump, which allow highly corrosive and high-temperature media, such as chloride or Cu salt melts with temperatures above 400 ° C, to promote, the pump has a simple structure, and is reliable and inexpensive to operate.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einer Pumpe mit einem Antriebsteil und einem Pumpenkörper, bei dem die Antriebswelle über eine Wellendichtung gegenüber dem zu fördernden Medium abgedichtet ist, erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst,
daß die Wellendichtung aus einem in den Pumpenkörper und/oder in den Antriebsteil eingepaßten Statorring besteht, durch den die Antriebswelle unter Freilassung eines Dichtungsspalts hindurchgeführt ist,
daß der Pumpenkörper und der Statorring einschließlich aller medienberührenden Teile im Pumpenkörper aus einem korrosions- und hochtemperaturfesten Material gefertigt sind,
daß im Antriebsteil ein oder mehrere trocken laufende Lager zur Lagerung der Antriebswelle angeordnet sind und
daß der Antriebsteil einen Gasströmungskanal mit einem Zuführungs- und einem Ableitungsstutzen aufweist, der strömungstechnisch mit dem Dichtungsspalt in Verbindung steht.This object is achieved according to the invention in a pump with a drive part and a pump body in which the drive shaft is sealed off from the medium to be conveyed via a shaft seal,
that the shaft seal consists of a stator ring fitted into the pump body and / or into the drive part, through which the drive shaft is passed, leaving a sealing gap free,
that the pump body and the stator ring including all parts in contact with the media in the pump body are made of a corrosion and high temperature resistant material,
that one or more dry-running bearings for mounting the drive shaft are arranged in the drive part and
that the drive part has a gas flow channel with a feed and a discharge pipe, which is fluidically connected to the sealing gap.

Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform besteht darin, daß die Drehbewegung im Antriebsteil durch eine Magnetkupplung auf die Auftriebswelle übertragen wird.A preferred embodiment is that the rotary movement in the drive part is transmitted to the lift shaft by a magnetic coupling.

Vorteilhaft besteht das trockenlaufende Lager im Antriebsteil aus einem keramischen Wälzlager. Zur Verminderung der Gleitreibung können die Laufflächen des trockenlaufenden Lagers mit einem anorganischen Film, z.B. mit Kohlenstoff, beschichtet werden.The dry-running bearing in the drive part advantageously consists of a ceramic roller bearing. To reduce sliding friction, the running surfaces of the dry-running bearing can be coated with an inorganic film, e.g. with carbon.

Weiterhin kann es zweckmäßig sein, wenn zwischen dem Statorring und dem Antriebsteil eine weitere konventionelle Wellenabdichtung, z.B. eine Gleitringdichtung angeordnet ist.Furthermore, it can be expedient if a further conventional shaft seal, for example a mechanical seal, is arranged between the stator ring and the drive part.

Die gestellte Aufgabe wird weiterhin durch ein Verfahren zum Betrieb der Pumpe gelöst, bei dem erfindungsgemäß der Gasströmungskanal über den Zuführungsstutzen mit einem Heißgas beaufschlagt wird, das den Antriebsteil durch den Ableitungsstutzen wieder verlaßt, wobei der Vordruck so eingestellt wird, daß der statische Druck des Gases im Gasströmungskanal oberhalb des Statorringes über dem Druck des Fördermediums liegt, welches den Pumpenkörper partiell oder vollständig ausfüllt.The object is further achieved by a method for operating the pump, in which, according to the invention, the gas flow channel is acted upon via the supply nozzle with a hot gas which leaves the drive part again through the discharge nozzle, the admission pressure being set such that the static pressure of the gas in the gas flow channel above the stator ring lies above the pressure of the delivery medium which partially or completely fills the pump body.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführung wird die Temperatur des Heißgases auf einen Wert oberhalb 120°C und der statische Druck des Heißgases im Strömungskanal auf einen Wert oberhalb von 1,5 bar eingestellt.According to a preferred embodiment, the temperature of the hot gas is set to a value above 120 ° C. and the static pressure of the hot gas in the flow channel is set to a value above 1.5 bar.

Als Heißgas wird vorteilhaft Heißdampf eingesetzt.Hot steam is advantageously used as the hot gas.

Weiterhin wird der Heißgasdruck durch einen Regelkreis zweckmäßig auf einen Sollwert eingeregelt, der oberhalb des Förderdrucks des durch die Pumpe geförderten Mediums liegt.Furthermore, the hot gas pressure is expediently regulated by a control loop to a desired value which lies above the delivery pressure of the medium conveyed by the pump.

Es kann im Einzelfall zweckmäßig sein, daß statt Heißdampf ein anderes heißes gasförmiges Medium, wie Luft, Stickstoff, Sauerstoff, Kohlendioxyd zur Beaufschlagung des Gasströmungskanals im Antriebsteil verwendet wird.In individual cases, it may be expedient that, instead of superheated steam, another hot gaseous medium, such as air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, is used to act on the gas flow channel in the drive part.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles naher beschrieben. Die Figur zeigt den prinzipiellen Aufbau einer hochtemperatur- und korrosionsfesten Pumpe auf der Basis einer magnetgekoppelten Zahnradpumpe. Die Pumpe ist in Pumpenkörper 1 und Antriebsteil 2 aufgeteilt, wobei der Pumpenkörper 1 und der Antriebsteil 2 durch einen in den Pumpenkörper 1 eingepaßten keramischen Statorring 3 getrennt sind, durch den die Antriebswelle 4 (Pumpenwelle) hindurchgeführt ist. Die Öffnung im Statorring 3 zur Durchführung der Pumpenwelle 4 hat dabei einen geringfügig größeren Durchmesser als die Pumpenwelle, so daß zwischen der Pumpenwelle 4 und der Innenfläche an der Öffnung des Statorrings ein Dichtungsspalt 5 verbleibt.The invention is described in more detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing. The figure shows the basic structure of a high temperature and corrosion resistant pump based on a magnetically coupled gear pump. The pump is divided into pump body 1 and drive part 2, the pump body 1 and the drive part 2 being separated by a ceramic stator ring 3 fitted into the pump body 1, through which the drive shaft 4 (pump shaft) is guided. The opening in the stator ring 3 for the passage of the pump shaft 4 has a slightly larger diameter than the pump shaft, so that a sealing gap 5 remains between the pump shaft 4 and the inner surface at the opening of the stator ring.

Der Pumpenkörper 1 besteht einschließlich aller medienberührenden Teile aus einem hochtemperatur- und korrosionsfestem Material, wie Keramik, Steinzeug etc.. Die eigentliche Pumpe besteht aus einer Zahnradpumpe 6, die im Pumpenkörper 1 angeordnet ist und ebenfalls einschließlich der Pumpenwelle aus einem keramischen Material gefertigt ist. Das zu fördernde heiße korrosive Medium strömt durch den Ansaugstutzen 7 der Zahnradpumpe 6 senkrecht in Richtung der Zahnräder, wird zwischen den Zähnen verdichtet und verläßt die Pumpe durch einen entsprechenden Druckstutzen an der gegenüberliegenden Seite der Zahnradpumpe 6. Die Pumpenwelle bzw. Antriebswelle 4 ist im Antriebsteil 2 mit einem zylindrischen Käfiganker 9 fest verbunden, der sich in einer entsprechend großen Gehäuseöffnung 10 im Antriebsteil 2 frei drehen kann. Der Käfiganker 9 ist mittels keramischer Wälzlager 11 gelagert, die zwischen dem Käfiganker 9 und einer fest mit dem Pumpenteil 1 verbundenen, sich in axialer Richtung erstreckenden zylindrischen Lagerschale 12 angeordnet sind.The pump body 1, including all parts in contact with the medium, is made of a high-temperature and corrosion-resistant material, such as ceramic, stoneware etc. The actual pump consists of a gear pump 6, which is arranged in the pump body 1 and is also made of a ceramic material, including the pump shaft. The hot corrosive medium to be pumped flows vertically through the intake port 7 of the gear pump 6 in the direction of the gear wheels, is compressed between the teeth and leaves the pump through a corresponding pressure port on the opposite side of the gear pump 6. The pump shaft or drive shaft 4 is in the drive part 2 firmly connected to a cylindrical cage anchor 9, which can rotate freely in a correspondingly large housing opening 10 in the drive part 2. The cage anchor 9 is mounted by means of ceramic roller bearings 11 which are arranged between the cage anchor 9 and a cylindrical bearing shell 12 which is fixedly connected to the pump part 1 and extends in the axial direction.

Konzentrisch um den Käfiganker 9 herum ist im Antriebsteil 2 ein topfförmiger Rotor 13 angeordnet, der über eine Antriebswelle 14 mit einem Elektromotor in Verbindung steht. Auf der Innenseite des Rotors 13 ist ein Magnetpolkranz 15 angeordnet, der zusammen mit einem Gegenmagnetpolkranz 16 auf dem Käfiganker 9 eine Magnetkupplung bildet, die zur Übertragung der Drehbewegung von der Motorwelle 14 auf die Antriebs-/Pumpenwelle 4 dient. Die Motorwelle 14 könnte aber auch direkt mit der Antriebswelle 4 in Verbindung stehen. Zur Verbesserung der Abdichtung zwischen dem Pumpenteil 1 und dem Antriebsteil 2 kann zusätzlich zum Statorring 3 eine weitere konventionelle Dichtung, z.B. eine Gleitringdichtung 17 vorgesehen werden.A pot-shaped rotor 13 is arranged concentrically around the cage anchor 9 in the drive part 2 and is connected to an electric motor via a drive shaft 14. A magnetic pole ring 15 is arranged on the inside of the rotor 13, which together with a counter magnetic pole ring 16 forms a magnetic coupling on the cage armature 9, which serves to transmit the rotary movement from the motor shaft 14 to the drive / pump shaft 4. The motor shaft 14 could also be directly connected to the drive shaft 4. To improve the seal between the pump part 1 and the drive part 2, in addition to the stator ring 3, a further conventional seal, e.g. a mechanical seal 17 can be provided.

Ein wichtiges konstruktives Merkmal besteht darin, daß der Antriebsteil 2 und insbesondere der Käfiganker 9 mit einem Gasströmungskanal 18 versehen ist. Der Gasströmungskanal 18 wird über einen Zuführungsstutzen 19 mit Heißgas bzw. Heißdampf beaufschlagt. Das Heißgas strömt zunächst durch einen radialen, ringförmigen Abschnitt, anschließend durch einen axialen Spalt parallel zur Lagerschale 12, wobei die keramischen Wälzlager 11 umströmt werden und verläßt das Antriebsteil 2 schließlich durch einen Ableitungsstutzen 20. Der Gasströmungskanal 18 steht ferner über einem ringförmigen Verbindungskanal 21 parallel zur Antriebswelle 4 mit dem Dichtungsspalt 5 zwischen Statorring 3 und Antriebswelle 4 in Verbindung. Der Vordruck für das Heißgas am Zuführungsstutzen 19 wird so hoch gewählt, daß der statische Druck des Heißdampfes im Verbindungsspalt 21 über dem Druck des Fördermediums in der Zahnradpumpe 6 liegt. Dadurch kann mit Sicherheit vermieden werden, daß das heiße, agressive Fördermedium, z.B. eine Salzschmelze, durch den Dichtungsspalt 5 und die Gleitringdichtung 17 in das Antriebsteil 2 gelangt.An important design feature is that the drive part 2 and in particular the cage anchor 9 is provided with a gas flow channel 18. The gas flow channel 18 is supplied with hot gas or superheated steam via a feed connection 19. The hot gas first flows through a radial, annular section, then through an axial gap parallel to the bearing shell 12, with the ceramic roller bearings 11 flowing around and finally leaves the drive part 2 through a discharge pipe 20. The gas flow channel 18 is also parallel via an annular connecting channel 21 to the drive shaft 4 with the sealing gap 5 between the stator ring 3 and the drive shaft 4 in connection. The admission pressure for the hot gas at the supply nozzle 19 is chosen so high that the static pressure of the superheated steam in the Connection gap 21 is above the pressure of the pumped medium in the gear pump 6. This can be avoided with certainty that the hot, aggressive fluid, such as a molten salt, gets through the sealing gap 5 and the mechanical seal 17 into the drive part 2.

Während der Pumpenkörper 1 einschließlich der Zahnradpumpe 6 und der Antriebswelle 4 aus Keramik gefertigt sind, kann der Antriebsteil bis auf die keramischen Wälzlager 11 aus Metall bestehen, was ein entscheidender Vorteil der Erfindung ist. Die Laufflächen des Wälzlagers 11 sind vorteilhaft zur Verminderung der Gleitreibung mit einem Kohlenstoffilm beschichtet.While the pump body 1 including the gear pump 6 and the drive shaft 4 are made of ceramic, the drive part can be made of metal except for the ceramic roller bearings 11, which is a decisive advantage of the invention. The running surfaces of the roller bearing 11 are advantageously coated with a carbon film to reduce the sliding friction.

Nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren liegt der erfindungsgemäßen Pumpe folgendes Wirkprinzip zugrunde:
Das Fördermedium, z.B. eine Salzschmelze mit einer Temperatur von 500°C wird über den Ansaugstutzen 7 der Zahnradpumpe 6 angesaugt, zwischen den keramisch ausgeführten Zahnrädern verdichtet und verläßt den Pumpenkörper 1 mit einem Druck von 5 bar. Durch den Statorring 3 ist die Pumpenwelle 4 mit kleinem Spiel (Dichtungsspalt 5) geführt. Der Statorring 3 trennt den Pumpenkörper 1 und den Antriebsteil 2 der Pumpe voneinander bis auf den geringfügigen Spalt gegenüber der Pumpenwelle 4 bzw. dem Pumpenkörper 1. Über den Gaszuführungsstutzen 19 wird nun dem Antriebsteil 2 Dampf mit einem Druck von 5,1 bar und einer Temperatur von 180°C druckgeregelt zugeführt, der den Antriebsteil 2 über den Gasabführungsstutzen 20 wieder verläßt. Durch den Überdruck des Dampfes im Antriebsteil 2 wird ein Durchtreten der flüssigen Salzschmelze durch den Dichtungsspalt 5 zwischen Statorring 3 und Pumpenwelle 4, sowie Statorring 3 und Pumpenkörper 1 verhindert. Dabei strömt eine geringe Dampfmenge vom Antriebsteil 2 in die Salzschmelze, die sich im Pumpenkörper 1 befindet, über. Die geringe, in die Salzschmelze strömende Dampfmenge kann toleriert werden, insofern, als die Salzschmelze weder chemisch beeinflußt wird, als auch die Zahnradpumpe durch in der Salzschmelze enthaltene Dampfblasen in ihrer Förderfähigkeit nicht negativ beeinflußt wird. Eine weitere Minimierung dieses Dampfstromes ist möglich durch die konventionelle Gleitringdichtung 17 zwischen Statorring 3 und dem vorderen Teil des Wälzlagers 11. Der Heißdampf, der den Antriebsteil 2 durchströmt, hat noch eine wichtige zweite Funktion: Er garantiert die wichtige direkte Kühlung der Pumpenmagnete 16 und der trocken laufenden Lager 11 auf Temperaturen unterhalb von 350°C. Durch die Dampfsperrung des Antriebsteiles 2 wird das Eindringen von 500°C heißer Salzschmelze in den Antriebsteil 2 wirksam verhindert und die Pumpenmagnete 16 zur Abführung von aus dem Pumpenkörper 1 in den Antriebsteil 2 einströmender Wärme so gekühlt, daß keine Beeinträchtigung ihrer Funktion auftritt. Gleichfalls werden die Lager 11 intensiv mit Heißdampf gekühlt. Alle im Antriebsteil 2 vorhandenen Bauteile haben keinen Kontakt zum Fördermedium und können mit Ausnahme des keramisch ausgeführten und trocken laufenden Lagers 11 z.B. aus gewöhnlichem Edelstahl ausgeführt werden. Der im Antriebsteil 2 der Pumpe benutzte Dampf, der sich in der Pumpe aufheizt, kann anschließend weiterverwendet werden. Die Pumpe sollte vorzugsweise aufrecht stehend betrieben werden, so daß sich der Pumpenkörper 1 unten und der Antriebsteil 2 über ihm angeordnet ist. Der gesamte Pumpenkörper 1 wird von außen elektrisch beheizt, um die Pumpe auf Arbeitstemperatur zu halten und Thermospannungen in den keramischen Bauteilen zu verhindern.According to the method according to the invention, the pump according to the invention is based on the following operating principle:
The pumped medium, for example a molten salt with a temperature of 500 ° C., is sucked in via the intake port 7 of the gear pump 6, compressed between the ceramic gear wheels and leaves the pump body 1 at a pressure of 5 bar. The pump shaft 4 is guided through the stator ring 3 with a small clearance (sealing gap 5). The stator ring 3 separates the pump body 1 and the drive part 2 of the pump from one another except for the slight gap with respect to the pump shaft 4 or the pump body 1. Via the gas feed connector 19, the drive part 2 is now steam at a pressure of 5.1 bar and a temperature of 180 ° C pressure controlled supplied, which leaves the drive part 2 via the gas discharge pipe 20 again. The excess pressure of the steam in the drive part 2 prevents the liquid salt melt from passing through the sealing gap 5 between the stator ring 3 and the pump shaft 4, as well as the stator ring 3 and the pump body 1. A small amount of steam flows from the drive part 2 into the molten salt, which is located in the pump body 1. The small amount of steam flowing into the salt melt can be tolerated, insofar as the salt melt is neither chemically influenced, nor is the gear pump negatively affected by the vapor bubbles contained in the salt melt. A further minimization of this steam flow is possible through the conventional mechanical seal 17 between the stator ring 3 and the front part of the roller bearing 11. The superheated steam which flows through the drive part 2 has an important second function: it guarantees the important direct cooling of the pump magnets 16 and the dry running bearings 11 to temperatures below 350 ° C. The vapor blocking of the drive part 2 effectively prevents the penetration of molten salt at 500 ° C. into the drive part 2 and cools the pump magnets 16 for dissipating heat flowing from the pump body 1 into the drive part 2 so that their function is not impaired. The bearings 11 are also intensively cooled with superheated steam. All components present in the drive part 2 have no contact with the pumped medium and, with the exception of the ceramic and dry-running bearing 11, can be made of ordinary stainless steel, for example. The steam used in the drive part 2 of the pump, which heats up in the pump, can then be used further. The pump should preferably be operated in an upright position so that the pump body 1 is located below and the drive part 2 is arranged above it. The entire pump body 1 is electrically heated from the outside in order to keep the pump at the working temperature and to prevent thermal stresses in the ceramic components.

Claims (9)

Pumpe zur Förderung heißer korrosiver Medien mit einem Antriebsteil (2) und einem Pumpenkörper (1), bei dem die Antriebswelle (4) über eine Wellendichtung gegenüber dem Medium abgedichtet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß a) daß die Wellendichtung aus einem in den Pumpenkörper (1) und/oder in den Antriebsteil (2) eingepaßten Statorring (3) besteht, durch den die Antriebswelle (4) unter Freilassung eines Dichtungsspalts (5) hindurchgeführt ist, b) daß der Pumpenkörper (1) und der Statorring (3) einschließlich aller medienberührenden Teile im Pumpenkörper (1) aus einem korrosions- und hochtemperaturfesten Material gefertigt sind, c) daß im Antriebsteil (2) ein oder mehrere trocken laufende Lager (11) zur Lagerung der Antriebswelle (4) angeordnet sind und d) daß der Antriebsteil (2) einen Gasströmungskanal (18) mit einem Zuführungs- (19) und einem Ableitungsstutzen (20) aufweist, der strömungstechnisch mit dem Dichtungsspalt (5) in Verbindung steht. Pump for conveying hot corrosive media with a drive part (2) and a pump body (1), in which the drive shaft (4) is sealed off from the medium via a shaft seal, characterized in that a) that the shaft seal consists of a stator ring (3) fitted into the pump body (1) and / or into the drive part (2), through which the drive shaft (4) is guided, leaving a sealing gap (5) free, b) that the pump body (1) and the stator ring (3) including all parts in contact with the media in the pump body (1) are made of a corrosion and high temperature resistant material, c) that one or more dry-running bearings (11) for mounting the drive shaft (4) are arranged in the drive part (2) and d) that the drive part (2) has a gas flow channel (18) with a feed (19) and a discharge pipe (20) which is fluidically connected to the sealing gap (5). Pumpe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Antriebsteil (2) eine Magnetkupplung (15, 16) zur Übertragung der Drehbewegung auf die Antriebswelle (4) vorgesehen ist.Pump according to Claim 1, characterized in that a magnetic coupling (15, 16) for transmitting the rotary movement to the drive shaft (4) is provided in the drive part (2). Pumpe nach Anspruch 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das trocken laufende Lager (11) ein keramisches Wälzlager ist.Pump according to claim 1 to 2, characterized in that the dry-running bearing (11) is a ceramic roller bearing. Pumpe nach Anspruch 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das trocken laufende Lager (11) auf den Laufflächen Beschichtungen zur Minderung des Gleittreibungskoeffizienten besitzt.Pump according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the dry-running bearing (11) has coatings on the running surfaces to reduce the coefficient of sliding friction. Pumpe nach Anspruch 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen dem Statorring (3) und dem Antriebsteil (2) eine weitere Wellenabdichtung (17) vorgesehen ist.Pump according to Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a further shaft seal (17) is provided between the stator ring (3) and the drive part (2). Verfahren zum Betrieb der Pumpe nach Anspruch 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Gasströmungskanal (18) über den Zuführungsstutzen (19) mit einem Heißgas beaufschlagt wird, das den Antriebsteil (2) durch den Ableitungsstutzen (20) wieder verläßt und daß dabei der Vordruck so eingestellt wird, daß der statische Druck des Gases im Gasströmungskanal (18) oberhalb des Statorringes (3) über dem Druck des Fördermediums liegt, welches den Pumpenkörper (1) partiell oder vollständig ausfüllt.A method of operating the pump according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the gas flow channel (18) is acted upon via the feed connection (19) with a hot gas which leaves the drive part (2) again through the discharge connection (20) and that the The pre-pressure is set so that the static pressure of the gas in the gas flow channel (18) above the stator ring (3) is above the pressure of the delivery medium which partially or completely fills the pump body (1). Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Temperatur des Heißgases oberhalb 120°C und der statische Druck des Heißgases im Gasströmungskanal (18) oberhalb 1,5 bar liegt.Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the temperature of the hot gas is above 120 ° C and the static pressure of the hot gas in the gas flow channel (18) is above 1.5 bar. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Heißgas Heißdampf zugeführt wird.Method according to claims 6 to 7, characterized in that hot steam is supplied as the hot gas. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Heißgasdruck auf einen Sollwert geregelt wird, der oberhalb des Förderdrucks des durch die Pumpe geförderten Mediums liegt.Method according to claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the hot gas pressure is regulated to a desired value which lies above the delivery pressure of the medium conveyed by the pump.
EP95113673A 1994-09-13 1995-08-31 Pump for hot and corrosive fluids Expired - Lifetime EP0702155B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE4432551A DE4432551A1 (en) 1994-09-13 1994-09-13 Pump for conveying hot, corrosive media
DE4432551 1994-09-13

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EP0702155A2 true EP0702155A2 (en) 1996-03-20
EP0702155A3 EP0702155A3 (en) 1997-01-08
EP0702155B1 EP0702155B1 (en) 2001-11-07

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EP (1) EP0702155B1 (en)
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CA (1) CA2157843A1 (en)
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ES (1) ES2167390T3 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5569024A (en) 1996-10-29
CA2157843A1 (en) 1996-03-14
EP0702155B1 (en) 2001-11-07
JPH0893639A (en) 1996-04-09
DE4432551A1 (en) 1996-03-14
EP0702155A3 (en) 1997-01-08
ES2167390T3 (en) 2002-05-16

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