EP0703022B1 - Verfahren zum Spalten einer Ronde aus Metall - Google Patents
Verfahren zum Spalten einer Ronde aus Metall Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0703022B1 EP0703022B1 EP95113252A EP95113252A EP0703022B1 EP 0703022 B1 EP0703022 B1 EP 0703022B1 EP 95113252 A EP95113252 A EP 95113252A EP 95113252 A EP95113252 A EP 95113252A EP 0703022 B1 EP0703022 B1 EP 0703022B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gap
- energy beam
- cleaving
- blank
- circular metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 46
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 30
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
- B21H1/00—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution
- B21H1/02—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution discs; disc wheels
- B21H1/04—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution discs; disc wheels with rim, e.g. railways wheels or pulleys
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for splitting a Round plate made of metal, the splitting of the circumference of the round plate from the inside towards a steadily increasing deepening and The gap is widened.
- the invention further relates to a device for performing the method the preamble of claim 15.
- Splitting a round plate made of metal using a splitting roller on a press machine is a well known and common one Forming process in the field of spinning technology (see e.g. BE-A-714 551).
- This splitting is used to produce rotationally symmetrical parts, for example of pulleys. It is suitable also for press parts with a central hub area.
- the split is usually at the beginning of a transformation, which is carried out in several steps, with the Split the circumferential area of the round plate into two wings which is followed by further pushing operations or other processing steps can be reshaped. Corresponding the desired or required material distribution on the two wings of the peripheral area the splitting takes place either symmetrically or also asymmetrical.
- the object is achieved according to the invention solved in that at least the area of the gap bottom with an energy beam for heating and / or splitting locally is applied.
- the energy beam also be selected and set so that this Detach material from the material structure of the round blank, melted or evaporated.
- this Detach material from the material structure of the round blank, melted or evaporated.
- a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is that the energy beam is a laser or is a plasma jet. While a laser beam is high energy A plasma beam also shows light Matter particles on. In contrast to the very precise but elaborate lasers can be done with a plasma beam high energy transfer with relatively little effort can be achieved.
- the blank becomes the one required for the mechanical shaping of the blank Effort reduced significantly.
- the with the invention performed material distributions on the two wings of the split circumferential area the round blank can thus be a desired one or approach the required distribution much better. This also leads to an improved quality of the the further deformations produced workpieces.
- splitting and / or expanding the round blank rolls lower hardness can be used or alternatively essential extended service life of the rollers achievable, which saves time and costs can be saved.
- a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention provides for the heating of the round blank in the gap area through the energy beam until the metal softens takes place and that the round blank in the softened state by a Splitting roll is split and expanded. With this configuration the process of splitting takes place Rounds through the splitting roll, but the splitting process through the softening caused by the energy beam of the metal with much lower forces can.
- An alternative preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention suggests that the heating of the round blank in the gap area through the energy beam to liquefaction or Evaporation of the metal takes place and so through the energy beam immediately the gap is generated and that the Gap is widened by an expanding roller.
- the design of the process itself becomes the gap itself generated by the energy beam, so that only a widening of the gap by means of a widening roll is also required is, which causes the mechanical forming forces be reduced to a minimum.
- the heated area on the Inert gas is applied to the blank.
- the protective gas becomes the heated or melted area on the blank shielded from the surrounding atmosphere. This will undesirable oxide formation in the melted material avoided.
- the protective gas can be supplied locally through a nozzle limited supply. Furthermore, the whole Process under a protective gas atmosphere, for example in a protective gas room.
- the energy beam is a water cutting jet is.
- the water cutting jet performs a defined Direction in the splitting process.
- a converging focused energy beam is used, the Energy beam itself or the focusing of the energy beam so that the focus is always on the The bottom of the gap is, and the gap is continuously widened is that the focused energy beam is shadow-free reached the bottom of the gap.
- a converging laser beam will also ensures that areas of the blank or a device, the unintentionally out of focus from the laser beam are only slightly warmed, so that damage or accidents are avoided here.
- Angular distance between 10 ° and 90 ° before the splitting or expanding roll meets the round blank.
- the optimal concrete one in individual cases Angular distance depends, for example, on the speed of rotation the round blank when splitting, according to the thermal conductivity and reflective properties of the metal from which the round plate exists, and according to the power of the laser, and is expediently determined in practice by tests.
- the energy beam can essentially be during splitting in the radial direction or alternatively essentially in Tangent direction of the round plate meet this, one another alternative is that the energy beam during splitting at a variable angle on the Ronde hits.
- the concrete selection is based the optimal impact angle for the individual application according to the material properties and forming properties the round blank to be formed and is in the Practice can best be determined by experiment.
- an energy beam with a oval or rectangular beam cross-section and one accordingly oval or rectangular focus is applied the longer axis of the oval or rectangle being longitudinal of the gap. While splitting the energy beam is tracked by a tracking device in such a way that the energy beam always focuses on the gap bottom is.
- the second part of the task, regarding a device to carry out the process is based on a Device with a spinning machine, which at least one drivable spindle with a chuck to hold the Ronde and at least one at least in the radial direction of the Blank has adjustable slit and / or expanding roll, solved in that at least one device for generation a focusable energy beam is provided, which at least locally applied to the area of the gap base for heating and / or splitting.
- the device for carrying out the method is advantageous a known press with conventional Components that are only used to carry out the process to be supplemented with at least one beam generating device is.
- This addition requires a relatively minor one additional technical effort, which makes the device at relatively low cost to implement the method according to the invention can be enabled.
- this one non-contact the temperature of which Energy beam hit area of the round blank as well as performance and / or focusing and / or positioning the beam generating device, has controlling and monitoring measuring and control device.
- a measuring and control device it is ensured that always for the respective forming required amount of heat exactly in the round blank, in particular is introduced into the gap bottom, so that it not to overheat or too little warming can come.
- Preferred embodiments of the invention consist in that as a beam generating device, a laser, a plasma beam generator or a water cutting jet device is provided.
- a preheater especially a Induction system, is provided for heating the blank.
- the round blank can reach a temperature of several 100 ° C be preheated so that when exposed to a laser beam the desired one without long delays Changes in structure.
- a laser beam generator one or more Laser beams generated at different locations can be conducted via control devices.
- optical Guiding devices such as glass fibers or mirrors can be used in this way Laser beams from a single laser beam generator, for example to several splitting devices according to the invention, be directed.
- Several laser beams can be used here simultaneously or alternately a single laser beam the different devices. Consequently can be the number of necessary costly laser beam generators be reduced.
- An advantageous embodiment of the invention exists also in that on the round blank, especially in the area of A coating to reduce reflection, for example graphite.
- a coating to reduce reflection for example graphite.
- FIG. 1 of the drawing shows a press machine Device 1 for splitting a round blank 5.
- the device 1 has a spindle 2, which is shown in section and which by means of a feed 21, the here is covered, the blank 5 carries torsion-proof.
- the device 1 comprises a splitting and expanding roller 3, which is rotatably mounted on a roll holder 31.
- the axis of rotation 30 of the roller 3 runs parallel to the Axis of rotation 20 of the spindle 2.
- the roller 3 is with the roller holder 31 on a support 33 in the radial direction of the round blank 5 movable in the direction of the arrow 39.
- Below the support 33 is part of a machine bed 32 which Device 1 indicated.
- FIG. 1 also shows a laser 4 as Beam generating device on one on the roll holder 31 attached further support 41 in the direction of the movement arrow 49 is movable.
- a converging energy or laser beam 40 can be generated, which strikes the round blank 5 in a focus 40 '.
- the laser 4 is with his support 41 over a not shown Adjusting device adjustable so that the laser beam 40th also essentially always in the radial direction of the round blank 5 runs and is aligned with the gap bottom.
- a prefabricated blank 5 here a flat, circular metal disc
- the spindle 2 is then rotated together with the round blank 5, such as this is indicated by the movement arrow 28.
- the laser 40 is turned on, whereby the laser beam 40 is generated with its focus 40 '.
- the Nip roll 3 by moving the roll holder 31 on the Support 33 delivered to the right to circumference 50 of the round blank 5.
- the arrangement of the laser 4 in immediate Neighborhood to nip roll 3 by the laser beam 40 transferred thermal energy relatively close to the engagement area the split roll 3 with the circular blank 5 so that a premature heat drain is excluded.
- Figure 2 of the drawing shows two alternative configurations of the device 1, these alternative configurations differ from the device 1 according to FIG. 1 in that that the laser 4 or 4 'is now independent of the Splitting or expanding roller 3 is movable.
- the device 1 according to FIG. 2 is also a spinning machine, which is shown here schematically in sections.
- the spindle 2 is again in the right part of the illustration recognizable, on which the blank 5 is arranged non-rotatably.
- To the left of the round blank 5 is the splitting and expanding roll 3 visible on her roll holder 31 by means of the support 33 relative to the machine bed 32 in the radial direction of the Ronde 5 is movable.
- the direction of travel is here perpendicular to the direction of travel of the roll holder 31 and selected to the axis of the spindle 2.
- the position of the laser 4 relative to the round blank 5 is selected such that the laser beam 40 that can be generated by the laser 4 essentially tangentially meets the circumference 50 of the round blank 5.
- the gap 51 is circumferential 50 of the circular blank 5 has already been produced in part, the Laser 40 by moving along its support 43 so it is tracked that the focus 40 ′ of the laser beam 40 always hits the bottom 52 of the gap 51.
- An alternative arrangement and orientation is based on a Second laser 4 'shown in the upper right part of Figure 2.
- By appropriate tracking of the Lasers 4 'along its own support provided here 43 is achieved in this embodiment that the focus 40 'of the laser beam 40 always on the bottom 52 of the gap 51 hits.
- the device can 1 can also be equipped with two lasers 4 and 4 ', if necessary.
- the laser beam 40 can with appropriate power not just a softening of the round 5 forming Metal can be achieved, but also if necessary Liquefaction or evaporation in the laser beam 40 or its focus 40 'hit areas.
- the gap 51 in the circumference 50 of the round blank 5 is then executed generated directly by the laser beam 40, then the role 3 here only the function of an expanding role which widens the gap and thus ensures that the converging laser beam 40 even when the Gap 51 without shading to the bottom 52 of the gap 51 can reach.
- expedient still means for the removal of the liquefied and / or vaporized metal to be provided in the drawing are not specifically shown.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- eine erste Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens in schematischer Darstellung und
- Fig. 2
- zwei geänderte Ausführungen der Vorrichtung ebenfalls in schamtischer Darstellung.
Claims (24)
- Verfahren zum Spalten einer Ronde (5) aus Metall, bei dem vom Umfang (50) der Ronde (5) aus nach innen hin eine Spaltung und eine mechanische Aufweitung des Spaltes (51) erfolgt,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß zumindest der Bereich des Spaltgrundes (52) mit einem Energiestrahl (40) zum Erwärmen und/oder Spalten lokal beaufschlagt wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß der Energiestrahl (40) ein Laser- oder ein Plasmastrahl ist. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß das Spalten vom Umfang (50) der Ronde (5) aus nach innen hin unter stetig zunehmender Vertiefung und Aufweitung des Spaltes (51) erfolgt unddaß kombiniert und gleichzeitig mittels thermisch wirksamer Laserstrahlung die Ronde (5) im Spaltbereich lokal erwärmt und mechanisch gespalten und/oder aufgeweitet wird. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß die Erwärmung der Ronde (5) im Spaltbereich durch den Energiestrahl (40) bis zur Erweichung des Metalls erfolgt und daß die Ronde (5) im erweichten Zustand durch eine Spaltrolle (3) gespalten und aufgeweitet wird. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß die Erwärmung der Ronde (5) im Spaltbereich durch den Energiestrahl (40) bis zur Verflüssigung oder Verdampfung des Metalls erfolgt und so durch den Energiestrahl (40) unmittelbar der Spalt (51) erzeugt wird unddaß der Spalt (51) durch eine Aufweitrolle (3) aufgeweitet wird. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß zumindest der erwärmte Bereich an der Ronde (5) mit Schutzgas beaufschlagt wird. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 4 bis 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß der Energiestrahl (40) ein Wasserschneidstrahl ist. - Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß ein konvergierender, fokussierter Energiestrahl (40) verwendet wird, wobei der Energiestrahl (40) oder die Fokussierung des Energiestrahls (40) so nachgeführt wird, daß der Fokus (40') stets auf dem Grund (50) des Spaltes (51) liegt, und wobei der Spalt (51) stetig so aufgeweitet wird, daß der fokussierte Laserstrahl (40) abschattungsfrei bis zum Grund (52) des Spaltes (51) gelangt. - Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß in Umfangsrichtung der Ronde (5) gesehen der Energiestrahl (40) in einem Winkelabstand zwischen 10 und 90 Grad vor der Spalt- oder Aufweitrolle (3) auf die Ronde (5) trifft. - Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß der Energiestrahl (40) während des Spaltens im wesentlichen in Radialrichtung der Ronde (5) auf diese trifft. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß der Energiestrahl (40) während des Spaltens im wesentlichen in Tangentialrichtung der Ronde (5) auf diese trifft. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß der Energiestrahl (40) während des Spaltens unter einem variablen Winkel auf die Ronde (5) trifft. - Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß ein Energiestrahl (40) mit einem ovalen oder rechteckigen Strahlquerschnitt und einem entsprechend ovalen oder rechteckigen Fokus (40') angewendet wird, wobei die längere Achse des Ovals oder Rechtecks in Längsrichtung des Spaltes (51) verläuft. - Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß auf die Ronde (5), insbesondere im Bereich des Spaltgrundes (52), eine Beschichtung zur Reflexionsminderung, beispielsweise Graphit, aufgebracht wird. - Vorrichtung zum Spalten einer Ronde (5) aus Metall, insbesondere zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13,
mit einer Drückmaschine, welche mindestens eine drehantreibbare Spindel (2) mit einem Futter (21) zur Aufnahme der Ronde (5) und mindestens eine wenigstens in Radialrichtung der Ronde (5) zustellbare Spalt- und/oder Aufweitrolle (3) aufweist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß mindestens eine Einrichtung (4, 4') zur Erzeugung eines fokussierbaren Energiestrahls vorgesehen ist, der zumindest den Bereich des Spaltgrundes (52) zum Erwärmen und/oder Spalten lokal beaufschlagt. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 15,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß die Spalt- und/oder Aufweitrolle (3) und die Strahlerzeugungseinrichtung (4, 4') auf einem gemeinsamen Support (33) angeordnet sind. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 16,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß die Strahlerzeugungseinrichtung (4, 4') entlang einer in Längsrichtung des von ihm erzeugbaren Strahls (40) verlaufenden Achse relativ zu der Spalt- und/oder Aufweitrolle (3) verfahrbar ist. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 15,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß die Spalt- und/oder Aufweitrolle (3) und die Strahlerzeugungseinrichtung (4, 4') auf je einem eigenen Support (33, 43) angeordnet und unabhängig voneinander verfahrbar sind. - Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 18,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß eine berührungslos arbeitende, die Temperatur des von dem Energiestrahl (40) getroffenen Bereiches der Ronde (5) erfassende sowie eine die Leistung und/oder Fokussierung und/oder Positionierung der Strahlerzeugungseinrichtung (4, 4') erfassende, steuernde und überwachende Meß- und Steuereinrichtung vorgesehen ist. - Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 19,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß eine CNC-Steuerung vorgesehen ist und daß die Meß- und Steuereinrichtung in die CNC-Steuerung integriert ist. - Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 20,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß die Strahlerzeugungseinrichtung (4, 4') ein Laser- oder ein Plasmastrahlerzeuger ist. - Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 20,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß die Strahlerzeugungseinrichtung (4, 4') eine Wasserschneidstrahl-Einrichtung ist. - Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 22,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß eine Vorwärmeinrichtung, insbesondere eine Induktionsanlage, zum Aufwärmen der Ronde (5) vorgesehen ist. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 21,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß ein Laserstrahlerzeuger einen oder mehrere Laserstrahlen erzeugt, die über Leiteinrichtungen an unterschiedliche Einsatzstellen leitbar sind.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4429801A DE4429801C2 (de) | 1994-08-23 | 1994-08-23 | Verfahren zum Spalten einer Ronde aus Metall und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
| DE4429801 | 1994-08-23 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0703022A1 EP0703022A1 (de) | 1996-03-27 |
| EP0703022B1 true EP0703022B1 (de) | 1998-07-08 |
Family
ID=6526300
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP95113252A Expired - Lifetime EP0703022B1 (de) | 1994-08-23 | 1995-08-23 | Verfahren zum Spalten einer Ronde aus Metall |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0703022B1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE4429801C2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6158261A (en) * | 1997-07-14 | 2000-12-12 | General Electric Company | Mill for producing axially symmetric parts |
| RU2134175C1 (ru) * | 1997-07-14 | 1999-08-10 | Институт проблем сверхпластичности металлов РАН | Стан для изготовления осесимметричных деталей |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE714551A (de) * | 1967-05-26 | 1968-09-30 | ||
| WO1991006384A1 (fr) * | 1989-10-30 | 1991-05-16 | Asahi Malleable Iron Co., Ltd. | Installation de moulage en rotation |
| DE4425033C2 (de) * | 1994-07-15 | 1999-07-29 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Drückumformen von Werkstücken |
-
1994
- 1994-08-23 DE DE4429801A patent/DE4429801C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-08-23 EP EP95113252A patent/EP0703022B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-08-23 DE DE59502748T patent/DE59502748D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE4429801A1 (de) | 1996-02-29 |
| DE4429801C2 (de) | 1997-06-26 |
| DE59502748D1 (de) | 1998-08-13 |
| EP0703022A1 (de) | 1996-03-27 |
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