EP0703343A1 - Feuerfeste Verglasungsabschluss - Google Patents
Feuerfeste Verglasungsabschluss Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0703343A1 EP0703343A1 EP95114952A EP95114952A EP0703343A1 EP 0703343 A1 EP0703343 A1 EP 0703343A1 EP 95114952 A EP95114952 A EP 95114952A EP 95114952 A EP95114952 A EP 95114952A EP 0703343 A1 EP0703343 A1 EP 0703343A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fire
- panel
- sheets
- resistant barrier
- barrier according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur hexafluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(F)(F)(F)F SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960000909 sulfur hexafluoride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005322 wire mesh glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003679 aging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005329 float glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005341 toughened glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
- E06B5/10—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes
- E06B5/16—Fireproof doors or similar closures; Adaptations of fixed constructions therefor
- E06B5/165—Fireproof windows
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a transparent, fire and heat resistant barrier, comprising a plurality of transparent sheets or panes of vitreous material, which are parallelly arranged and spaced apart from one another so as to define thermally insulating interspaces, between adjacent glass panes, in a modular unit which can be assembled in a metal support frame.
- transparent sheets of vitreous material used herein includes any sheet formed of float glass, wired glass, bevelled glass, toughened glass, borosilicate glass, glass-ceramic or a combination thereof, provided that they are suitable for performing fire and heat resistant barriers and/or glazings in civil and industrial buildings or for any other application.
- fire-stops i.e. able to prevent both direct spreading of the flames and overheating of the adjacent environments, avoiding, in this latter case, spreading of the fire as a result of spontaneous ignition caused by the heat irradiated through the barrier itself.
- fire resistant barriers are not transparent and consist of metal panels containing special insulating materials, such as glass wool, ceramic fibers and the like.
- fire-stop barriers and glazings should generally have a certain degree of fire-resistance, which is determined by suitable experimental tests complying with international standards (ISO 834 and ISO 3009) and/or national standards (UNI 7678, UNI 9723); by these tests it is possible to determine the fire-resistance of a glass element or glazing, in terms of the duration for which the glass element or glazing is able to retain a good mechanical stability and smoke-tightness, normally indicated by RE, or mechanical stability, smoke tightness and good heat insulation, normally indicated by the abbreviation REI.
- wired glass sheets have been widely used to form fire-resistant barriers since wired glass, compared to other types of glass, is able to partly delay propagation of the smoke and flames.
- glass in general is not effective in preventing heat passing through as a result of irradiation, which alone is able to trigger or propagate a fire beyond the same protection barrier.
- phase-change materials which are for example gel-based and are characterised by the physical phenomenon of transition from one physical state to another one occurring at temperatures of about 90-100°C, in order to maintain these temperatures constant until the phase-change for the entire substance has been completed.
- fire-resistant glazings or barriers are provided for example in GB-A-2,195,136, EP-A-0,389,291, GB-A-1,604,388 and US-A-3,997,700.
- these types of barriers generally use is made of layered glass panels, in which a gel or a layer of phase change material is disposed in close contact between adjacent glass sheets.
- fire-stop barriers proposed hitherto, and practically in use do not entirely satisfy the safety standards; furthermore, requirements of an industrial and commercial nature require elimination of the extreme complexity and reduction of the substantially high costs which are generally associated with such barriers and tend to limit their use.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a fire-resistant barrier made of vitreous material which, in addition to satisfying the requirements of classes RE, REW and REI, also retains its transparency in the event of a fire, thus providing a high degree of safety against fires and security for the protected environment.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide a fire-resistant barrier as described above which could be used for exterior glazings without any particular limitation in respect to their durability and provided with good values of thermal transmittance.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide a fire-resistant barrier as described above which, in addition to having the characteristics of stability, tightness, heat insulation and transparency up to the moment at which its yielding occurs, does not produce smoke with a high optical density or does not produce toxic fumes.
- Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a fire-resistant barrier, made of vitreous material, which is constructionally simple, has a relatively low cost and which at the same time enables fire-resistant barriers and glazings of any form and dimensions to be made without the need for subsequent operations, being able to be mounted on a simple metal support structure designed for this purpose.
- a fire-resistant barrier comprising a series of transparent sheets of vitreous material parallelly arranged and spaced apart from one another so as to form tightly closed chambers containing a gas having a thermal conductivity equal to or less than that of the air and by also providing an infrared-reflecting coating on one or both surfaces of at least one of the sheets of the barrier, an effective fire-resistant barrier which is able to satisfy the aforementioned requirements is provided.
- a fire-resistant barrier comprising one or more modular panels 10 consisting of transparent vitreous material and assembled in a metal support frame 11 which can be formed in various ways and must satisfy predetermined safety requirements laid down by specific standards.
- each modular panel 10 comprises a plurality of glass sheets or panes 12, three in the example shown, parallely arranged and spaced apart from one another so as to form interspaces or chambers 13 by means of suitable spacers 14 made of unburning material, for example ceramic material.
- the sheets 12 can be made with any vitreous material suitable for the purpose and may have any variable thickness from a few millimetres to a few tens of millimetres, for example between 3 and 15 mm depending on the number of sheets which make up the panel, and the application required.
- the interspaces 13 which are formed between adjacent sheets, in view of the arrangement of the spacers 14 between them, must have a suitable width in relation to the dimensions and thickness of the glass sheets used, as well as in relation to specific heat insulation requirements, as specified below.
- the thickness and the interspaces 13 between adjacent panes may be of the order of a few millimetres or tens of millimetres, ranging for example between 3 and about 20 mm, or more.
- each panel 10 which forms a module of the barrier shown in Figure 1 are joined together in a preassembled condition by means suitable for peripherally sealing the interspaces 13 between adjacent sheets, so as to form corresponding tightly closed chambers which can be filled with dehydrated air or with any suitable gas having a thermal conductivity equal to or less than that of the air, so as to improve the fire-withstanding ability and heat insulation characteristics of the barrier, while ensuring the constructional simplicity and low cost of the panel as well as ease of assembly of the said barrier.
- Good results were obtained, for example, by making fire-resistant barriers comprising three glass sheets with a thickness of 6 mm, forming two chambers of 6 mm thickness containing air; the panes had dimensions of 50 x 50 cm.
- Good results were also obtained using argon, krypton, sulphur hexafluoride and mixtures thereof, as the filling gas.
- assembly of the individual glass sheet 12 which make up each panel 10 was obtained by means of an adhesive metal band 15 which was wound peripherally along the entire edge of each panel.
- each panel 10 consists of two glass sheets 12 separated by a spacer 16 consisting of a metal band which extends on each side along the entire peripheral edge of the panel; dehydrating salts 17 are placed between the spacer 16 and a layer of silicone 18 so as to form a sealed joint along the entire peripheral edge of the chamber 13.
- the two glass sheets 12 with the spacer 16 are assembled in a metal frame 19, arranging a strip of ceramic paper 20 between the peripheral edge of the sheets 12 and the central contact surfaces of the frame 19, as well as an intumescent felt seal 21 between the edges of the two external faces of each glass sheet 12 and the two hollow lateral sections 22 of the frame 19 of each panel.
- a sealed chamber 13 is thus formed between two adjacent glass sheets 12, which chamber, according to a feature of the present invention, is filled with any gas or gas mixture having a thermal conductivity equal to or less than that of air, so as to improve the heat insulation and fire-resistance characteristics of the entire panel, depending on the thickness of the chamber 13 the insulating gas contained therein, as well as the reduced overall dimensions and glass mass allowed for a panel according to the invention.
- a further feature, in the formation of fire-resistant barriers according to the invention, consists in the provision of a thin layer of a transparent and infrared-reflecting coating, indicated by 23, on one or both surfaces or faces of the glass sheets 12 of the panel, which delimit the chamber or each sealed chamber 13.
- the infrared-reflecting coating consists of a very thin metal layer, having a thickness of some tens of nanometres, which can be deposited by means of any suitable technique, for example by sputtering, comprising any metal selected from the group consisting of aluminium, copper, gold, silver, platinum, palladium or oxides, in the pure or doped stated of the elements group consisting of: tin, indium, silicon, titanium, zirconium, aluminium and tantalum.
- the choice of the coating metal, of oxide or the doping element will depend on specific requirements and will influence in a more or less decisive manner the reflection characteristics for the infrared radiation depending on the wavelengths of the latter.
- nitrides In substitution of and/or in combination with a metal coating as indicated above or pure or doped oxides, it is also possible to use nitrides, carbides and/or metal sulphides or similar metal compounds.
- each panel 10 for forming fire-resistant barriers according to the invention is characterised by the presence of several glass panes or sheets arranged at a distance so as to form one or more sealed chambers containing a gas having a thermal conductivity equal to or less than that of air, as well as by the presence of an infrared-reflecting coating on one or both faces of glass sheets which delimit each sealed chamber.
- the total absence of phase change material between adjacent glass sheets and the absence of any layered structure in the panel enable the latter to maintain perfect visibility and transparency in any condition during the occurrence of a fire, as well as a high structural stability of each panel and the entire barrier, owing to the possibility of forming modular panels even of small dimensions.
- the metal frame which assembles each panel, or which supports the entire barrier may constitute a heat transfer point
- a phase change material which enables heating of the metal frame itself to be delayed may be arranged inside the cavities of the tubular sections of the metal frame.
- assembly of the sections or of the individual panels which make up the barrier may be performed with any suitable means, for example by means of screws which enable rapid assembly and easy disassembly of the entire structure or part thereof.
- the fire-resistant barrier may be formed in a modular manner using glass sheets of any geometrical shape, for example square, rectangular or polygonal, having limited dimensions, for example with sides having a length ranging between 30 and 50 cm, increasing in this manner the structural stability of the glass panes which, the other conditions being equal, result in a further improvement in the fire-withstanding ability of the entire barrier.
- a fire-resistant barrier has been provided, in which no use is made of phase change material and which, therefore, is not subject to the limitations arising from the use of such materials; furthermore, in view of the modularity of the individual panels, each of which has optimum stability, fire-insulation, heat-insulation and transparency characteristics, the formation of fire-resistant barriers or glazings is extremely simplified in that large-size glazings or barriers may also be obtained from modules which use normal glass formats, performing normal standard-technology operations which are entirely similar to those commonly used in the glass industry. Therefore, during handling, transportation and storage, as well as installation of the various panels, no special precautionary measures are required, apart from those strictly required for such categories of materials. In all cases the result is a barrier or glazing which, under the same conditions of RE, REW or REI is less costly and more reliable than conventional barriers or glazings.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Special Wing (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
- Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT94FO000034A ITFO940034A1 (it) | 1994-09-26 | 1994-09-26 | Barriera tagliafuoco relaizzata mediante struttura modulare componibi- le in metallo e vetro |
| ITFO940034 | 1994-09-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0703343A1 true EP0703343A1 (de) | 1996-03-27 |
Family
ID=11353369
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP95114952A Withdrawn EP0703343A1 (de) | 1994-09-26 | 1995-09-22 | Feuerfeste Verglasungsabschluss |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0703343A1 (de) |
| IT (1) | ITFO940034A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2000037383A1 (en) * | 1998-12-18 | 2000-06-29 | Glaverbel | Glazing panel |
| EP1390598A4 (de) * | 2001-05-29 | 2005-05-25 | Terry S Johnson | Unterdrückung von wärmestrom in isolierglaskonstruktionen |
| GB2412139A (en) * | 2004-02-18 | 2005-09-21 | Komfort Office Environments | Fire resistant glazing |
Citations (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2309680A1 (fr) * | 1975-04-30 | 1976-11-26 | Jenaer Glaswerk Schott & Gen | Element de construction a l'epreuve du feu, comportant un vitrage |
| US3997700A (en) | 1973-09-17 | 1976-12-14 | Glaverbel-Mecaniver S.A. | Fireproof glasswork |
| US4173668A (en) | 1974-12-03 | 1979-11-06 | Bfg Glassgroup | Fire-screening panel |
| GB1604388A (en) | 1977-08-03 | 1981-12-09 | Bfg Glassgroup | Fire screening panels |
| GB2195136A (en) | 1986-07-26 | 1988-03-30 | Schueco Int Gmbh & Co | A fire-resistant glazing assembly |
| GB2212546A (en) * | 1987-11-20 | 1989-07-26 | Briggs Amasco Ltd | Fire-resistant mounting of panels |
| DE3840232A1 (de) * | 1988-11-29 | 1990-05-31 | Sommer Metallbau Stahlbau Gmbh | Anschlussprofil fuer eine verglasung oder dergleichen |
| EP0389291A1 (de) | 1989-03-23 | 1990-09-26 | Pilkington Plc | Glaslaminate |
| DE9014083U1 (de) * | 1990-10-06 | 1992-02-06 | Velux Industri A/S, Soeborg | Mehrschichtisolierglasscheibe |
| EP0499868A2 (de) * | 1991-02-06 | 1992-08-26 | Flachglas Aktiengesellschaft | Verglasungselement mit niedrigem Radarreflexionsgrad |
| EP0608457A1 (de) * | 1993-01-29 | 1994-08-03 | Schott Glaswerke | Scheibenaufbau für eine Brandschutzverglasung |
| DE4331263A1 (de) * | 1993-09-15 | 1995-03-16 | Bischoff Glastechnik | Glasscheibe und Verglasungseinheit |
-
1994
- 1994-09-26 IT IT94FO000034A patent/ITFO940034A1/it not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1995
- 1995-09-22 EP EP95114952A patent/EP0703343A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3997700A (en) | 1973-09-17 | 1976-12-14 | Glaverbel-Mecaniver S.A. | Fireproof glasswork |
| US4173668A (en) | 1974-12-03 | 1979-11-06 | Bfg Glassgroup | Fire-screening panel |
| FR2309680A1 (fr) * | 1975-04-30 | 1976-11-26 | Jenaer Glaswerk Schott & Gen | Element de construction a l'epreuve du feu, comportant un vitrage |
| GB1604388A (en) | 1977-08-03 | 1981-12-09 | Bfg Glassgroup | Fire screening panels |
| GB2195136A (en) | 1986-07-26 | 1988-03-30 | Schueco Int Gmbh & Co | A fire-resistant glazing assembly |
| GB2212546A (en) * | 1987-11-20 | 1989-07-26 | Briggs Amasco Ltd | Fire-resistant mounting of panels |
| DE3840232A1 (de) * | 1988-11-29 | 1990-05-31 | Sommer Metallbau Stahlbau Gmbh | Anschlussprofil fuer eine verglasung oder dergleichen |
| EP0389291A1 (de) | 1989-03-23 | 1990-09-26 | Pilkington Plc | Glaslaminate |
| DE9014083U1 (de) * | 1990-10-06 | 1992-02-06 | Velux Industri A/S, Soeborg | Mehrschichtisolierglasscheibe |
| EP0499868A2 (de) * | 1991-02-06 | 1992-08-26 | Flachglas Aktiengesellschaft | Verglasungselement mit niedrigem Radarreflexionsgrad |
| EP0608457A1 (de) * | 1993-01-29 | 1994-08-03 | Schott Glaswerke | Scheibenaufbau für eine Brandschutzverglasung |
| DE4331263A1 (de) * | 1993-09-15 | 1995-03-16 | Bischoff Glastechnik | Glasscheibe und Verglasungseinheit |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2000037383A1 (en) * | 1998-12-18 | 2000-06-29 | Glaverbel | Glazing panel |
| EP1752426A3 (de) * | 1998-12-18 | 2007-03-07 | Glaverbel | Glaspaneel |
| EP1390598A4 (de) * | 2001-05-29 | 2005-05-25 | Terry S Johnson | Unterdrückung von wärmestrom in isolierglaskonstruktionen |
| GB2412139A (en) * | 2004-02-18 | 2005-09-21 | Komfort Office Environments | Fire resistant glazing |
| GB2412139B (en) * | 2004-02-18 | 2007-08-22 | Komfort Office Environments | Fire resistant glazing |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ITFO940034A0 (it) | 1994-09-26 |
| ITFO940034A1 (it) | 1996-03-26 |
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