EP0707737A1 - Attenuateur de bruit actif - Google Patents

Attenuateur de bruit actif

Info

Publication number
EP0707737A1
EP0707737A1 EP94918733A EP94918733A EP0707737A1 EP 0707737 A1 EP0707737 A1 EP 0707737A1 EP 94918733 A EP94918733 A EP 94918733A EP 94918733 A EP94918733 A EP 94918733A EP 0707737 A1 EP0707737 A1 EP 0707737A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
loudspeaker
tube
sound
silencer
silencer according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94918733A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0707737B1 (fr
Inventor
Frank Jürgen LEHRINGER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Leistritz AG and Co Abgastechnik
Original Assignee
Leistritz AG and Co Abgastechnik
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Leistritz AG and Co Abgastechnik filed Critical Leistritz AG and Co Abgastechnik
Publication of EP0707737A1 publication Critical patent/EP0707737A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0707737B1 publication Critical patent/EP0707737B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/06—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using interference effect
    • F01N1/065—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using interference effect by using an active noise source, e.g. speakers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1785—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices
    • G10K11/17857—Geometric disposition, e.g. placement of microphones
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1785—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices
    • G10K11/17861—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices using additional means for damping sound, e.g. using sound absorbing panels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1787—General system configurations
    • G10K11/17875—General system configurations using an error signal without a reference signal, e.g. pure feedback
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/10—Applications
    • G10K2210/103—Three dimensional
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/10—Applications
    • G10K2210/128—Vehicles
    • G10K2210/1282—Automobiles
    • G10K2210/12822—Exhaust pipes or mufflers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/30—Means
    • G10K2210/321—Physical
    • G10K2210/3212—Actuator details, e.g. composition or microstructure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/30—Means
    • G10K2210/321—Physical
    • G10K2210/3214—Architectures, e.g. special constructional features or arrangements of features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/30—Means
    • G10K2210/321—Physical
    • G10K2210/3216—Cancellation means disposed in the vicinity of the source
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/022—Cooling arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an active silencer with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • the entire sound attenuation system basically has the silencer and a sensor for emitting information about the expected noise and / or a control sensor for recording the already damped or extinguished noise.
  • the sensor signal corresponding to the noise level is fed to a control unit.
  • the sensor signal is processed there.
  • the processed sensor signal reaches an loudspeaker as an electrical signal.
  • the loudspeaker is part of the muffler and emits compensation sound (anti-sound).
  • the electrical signal supplied to the loudspeaker is calculated in such a way that the two sound fields of compensation sound and interference sound overlap in opposite phases according to the principle of interference known from physics. This eliminates or at least significantly reduces the background noise.
  • the silencers disclosed there have one or more loudspeakers. Each speaker is in a compensation sound chamber.
  • the sound chambers with the loudspeakers are arranged laterally on the pipe jacket of the exhaust pipe, so that the direction of radiation of the loudspeaker runs radially to the exhaust pipe. Because of the lateral arrangement of the loudspeakers, a certain distance is necessary for the compensation sound waves in order to generate a homogeneous compensation sound field at the pipe mouth forming the radiation opening of the interference sound.
  • the compensation sound field generated in the sound chamber is led to the exhaust gas outlet via a pipe concentrically arranged around the exhaust pipe.
  • the sound damper is very space-consuming and structurally complicated. Because of their complicated outer contour, the manufacture of the known silencers is technically difficult to manufacture and therefore very cost-intensive.
  • An active sound attenuation system is known from EP-A-0227 372, in which the radiation directions of interference sound and compensation sound are oriented approximately parallel.
  • the special arrangement of the loudspeaker generating the compensation sound requires a structurally very complicated and space-consuming silencer in order to be able to dampen the noise.
  • the invention is based on the object of designing a muffler of the type mentioned at the outset in a space-saving manner and of achieving a phase opposition of interference noise and compensation noise in a geometrically simple manner.
  • the loudspeaker membrane radially surrounds the radiation opening.
  • the radiation directions of the compensation sound and the interference sound are aligned parallel to one another from the outset and the acoustic centers of both sound fields lie on a common axis.
  • Transmission paths for generating a homogeneous compensation sound field suitable for superimposition with the interference sound field are completely eliminated.
  • an advantageous superimposition of interference noise and compensation noise is geometrically simple.
  • the silencer is thus considerably simplified in terms of design. Because of the omitted transmission paths and the concentric arrangement of the loudspeaker, the silencer is constructed in a very space-saving manner. The space requirement saved can be used as the rear cavity of the loudspeaker for its low-frequency tuning. As a result, the muffler according to the invention can also be used in confined spaces.
  • the omitted transmission path between the loudspeaker and the radiation opening enables a simplified transmission function and thus a more precise coupling between a control sensor that absorbs the damped noise and the loudspeaker. Since runtime delays are significantly reduced with this coupling, the loudspeaker reacts quickly and precisely to changing noise levels.
  • the coupling for example by means of a control unit, can thereby be implemented using technically simpler means.
  • the muffler is generally inexpensive with increased efficiency.
  • the loudspeaker diaphragm is usually designed to be rotationally symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis of the loudspeaker. Accordingly, it has a circular cross-section. Deviating from this, the loudspeaker membrane can e.g. also have an elliptical cross-sectional shape. Since the wavelengths relevant to the use of the muffler are large compared to the cross-dimension of the loudspeaker, a flat compensation sound field is still created. With different cross-sectional shapes of the loudspeaker diaphragm, the muffler can be adapted even better to different spatial conditions.
  • a large loudspeaker membrane also saves space.
  • the membrane area can therefore be chosen to be large.
  • the large volume flow required for large compensation circuit levels is achieved by means of smaller vibration amplitudes of the loudspeaker diaphragm.
  • the mechanical stress on the loudspeaker diaphragm is further reduced while the compensation effect of the loudspeaker remains the same. The reliable operation of the loudspeaker is guaranteed over an even longer period.
  • the loudspeaker works on the known electrodynamic drive principle.
  • electrodynamic loudspeakers the requirement for quick adjustability and adaptation to changing noise levels is well met.
  • a loudspeaker according to claim 3 is known, for example, from F. Hausdorf, Handbuch der loudspeaker technology, 3rd edition 1990, Copyright VISATON, p. 21 ff.
  • the conical structure of the loudspeaker enables its approximately concentric see arrangement to the center of the radiation opening emitting the noise.
  • the loudspeaker membrane and the radiation opening in the axial direction of the loudspeaker are approximately flush. This ensures that the entire compensation sound field generated by the loudspeaker diaphragm is used to cancel the interference sound field.
  • the speaker membrane is e.g. funnel-shaped or designed as a flat membrane.
  • the radiation opening is the pipe mouth of a sound pipe.
  • the silencer according to the invention is therefore e.g. can also be used with internal combustion engines.
  • the magnet system which is generally known in the case of the electrodynamic loudspeaker contains, according to claim 6, a central bore running in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the loudspeaker, so that the sound tube can penetrate this bore.
  • the sound tube not only serves to guide the noise, but also as a mechanical fixing aid for the loudspeaker and thus also for the entire silencer.
  • the concentric arrangement of the loudspeaker around the sound tube therefore enables the silencer to be easily installed in terms of assembly technology.
  • the number of fasteners required for a mechanically tight fit of the speaker can be reduced.
  • the ring magnet radially surrounds the pierced pole core in a known manner to form the magnet system.
  • the ring magnet therefore does not need to be mechanically processed in order to radially surround the sound tube.
  • an annular pole surrounds a pierced magnetic core.
  • Claims 7 and 8 propose a radial distance effective as a closed space between the loudspeaker and the sound tube.
  • the space is closed so that acoustic short circuits between the front and the back of the loudspeaker are avoided.
  • the radial distance has the advantage that the loudspeaker, in particular the magnet system and the sensitive loudspeaker membrane, are not directly exposed to the influences of the sound tube. This is e.g. important if the sound tube is designed as an exhaust pipe carrying hot exhaust gases.
  • Claim 8 suggests thermal insulation between the speaker and the Sound pipe before a heat-insulating layer.
  • the insulating layer can be clamped between the sound tube and the magnet system, so that no further fixing means are necessary for fastening the insulating layer to the tubular casing of the sound tube.
  • the insulating layer also covers the tubular casing sections in the area of the loudspeaker membrane and in the area of the rear side of the loudspeaker.
  • Claim 9 proposes an intermediate tube as an alternative insulating element.
  • the intermediate tube surrounds the sound tube at a radial distance.
  • the intermediate tube acts as a heat sink and can absorb a large part of the heat radiated from the sound tube.
  • Claim 10 proposes a further measure for the thermal insulation of the loudspeaker from the sound tube.
  • Claim 11 proposes a further possibility of thermal insulation of the loudspeaker or for cooling it.
  • the coolant flowing through the pipe channel between the sound pipe and the intermediate pipe can e.g. Air or a fluid.
  • the pipe channel is closed in the axial direction on the front side of the membrane. This ensures that when the compensation sound field is formed there is no additional side path which could impair the required superimposition of the compensation sound field on the interference sound field.
  • the closure creates a seal of the pipe channel with respect to the front side of the membrane. Accidental leakage of coolant on the front side of the membrane is thereby reliably avoided.
  • the insulating layer has a double function as an insulating element between the loudspeaker and the sound tube and as a closure element for sealing the tube channel from the front of the membrane.
  • the intermediate tube concentrically surrounding the sound tube also has a further function. It is designed as a bass reflex tube. Bass reflex tubes are known from hi-fi technology. In addition to its thermal insulation function, such an intermediate tube considerably improves the efficiency of the loudspeaker arrangement in the lower frequency range.
  • cooling of the magnet system of the loudspeaker is provided.
  • the pole core radially surrounding the sound tube or - in the case of the above-mentioned interchanging of pole core and ring magnet - the magnetic core is additionally pierced.
  • the bore is filled with a coolant, e.g. of air or a fluid flows through.
  • the bore is e.g. connected with a hose line.
  • the bores are advantageously uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the pole core or magnetic core in order to bring about uniform cooling of the entire magnet system.
  • the bores are fluidly connected to one another. This connection can e.g. also be produced by a hose line.
  • the baffle according to claim 17 fulfills a double function. On the one hand, it supports the mechanically firm seating of the loudspeaker within the silencer. For this purpose, the loudspeaker is attached to the baffle with the basket edge of its loudspeaker basket. On the other hand, the baffle separates the front of the diaphragm from the back of the diaphragm in the axial direction of the loudspeaker and avoids acoustic short circuits in a known manner.
  • the closed loudspeaker housing according to claim 18 completely avoids acoustic short circuits even at the lowest frequencies.
  • the compact arrangement of the loudspeaker enables a large cavity of the loudspeaker housing to be selected on the rear side of the diaphragm without impairing the overall space-saving construction of the silencer.
  • the cavity of the loudspeaker housing can also accommodate the electronics required for the coupling between sensors and the loudspeaker.
  • the electronics are adequately electrically insulated without any further technical means and protected against mechanical damage.
  • outside the loudspeaker housing there are only one or more sensors and their supply lines to the electronics as components of the silencer. The entire silencer thus forms a compact unit.
  • the loudspeaker housing also contains a recess for the form-fitting passage of the sound tube.
  • the silencer is suitable for silencing combustion engines of any kind.
  • the silencer is e.g. can also be used in shipbuilding.
  • the sound pipe is the exhaust pipe of a motor vehicle.
  • the loudspeaker housing according to claim 20 is preferably composed of half shells, as is customary in the case of silencers in motor vehicle construction.
  • the outer contours of the half-shells adapted to the underbody of the motor vehicle enable an additionally enlarged cavity of the loudspeaker housing.
  • the half-shell construction enables the loudspeaker housing to be manufactured using all welding and folding techniques known from silencer construction. Since these silencers are mass-produced, the silencer according to the invention can also be obtained inexpensively.
  • the half-shells are stabilized by additional support floors. When using the conventional silencer housing as a loudspeaker housing, these support floors can be dispensed with.
  • the speaker basket advantageously stabilizes even the half-shells.
  • the muffler is therefore mechanically stable with very little component effort.
  • the small number of components supports the assembly of the silencer which is easy to assemble.
  • the silencer according to the invention can thus be used cost-effectively as a technically significantly improved silencer in motor vehicles.
  • Annoying air resonances or standing waves can form in the loudspeaker housing.
  • claim 21 proposes to partially or completely fill the cavity of the loudspeaker housing with corresponding sound-absorbing materials.
  • Claim 22 proposes an acoustically transparent perforated attachment pipe in order to better protect the loudspeaker membrane from the exhaust gases emerging at the pipe mouth of an exhaust pipe.
  • the front pipe acts like an exhaust pipe elongated in the gas flow direction. Due to the acoustically transparent perforations of the attachment tube, the interference noise is still extinguished immediately before the radiation opening. However, the exhaust gases are guided away from the radiation opening in the gas flow direction within the attachment tube. In this way, the speaker diaphragm is neither very high exhaust gas temperatures nor the harmful exposed to the chemical composition of the exhaust gases.
  • the loudspeaker on its membrane front is also protected against mechanical damage, e.g. well protected by external pressure or impact forces.
  • the grille opening for the passage of the radiation opening can also serve as a fixing aid when mounting the protective grille on the silencer.
  • a protective grille designed according to claim 24 further takes into account the space-saving construction of the muffler.
  • the bundling tube according to claim 25 concentrates the zone for the superimposition of noise and compensation sound in front of the radiation opening on a small volume. This ensures that the largest possible proportion of the noise field is canceled.
  • the bundling tube can also be designed as an integral extension of the housing walls in the axial direction of the loudspeaker. The bundling tube is then simply separated from the rest of the housing in the axial direction by the baffle and / or the loudspeaker.
  • Claim 26 takes into account a compact outer contour of the silencer.
  • the attachment tube also protects the bundling tube from harmful exhaust gases.
  • Claim 27 proposes an acoustically transparent perforated protective grille which is attached to the end collar of the bundling tube.
  • This protective grille protects the entire interior enclosed by the bundling tube, i.e. also the loudspeaker membrane and possibly the attachment pipe from mechanical damage. A grille opening is not required for this protective grille if the silencer has no attachment pipe.
  • the protective grille attached to the bundling tube in combination with the protective grille according to claim 23 protects the loudspeaker even more effectively against damage.
  • the sensor for receiving the compensated noise is well protected against mechanical damage or other external influences without additional technical measures.
  • the sensor can be easily attached to the inner wall of the bundling tube.
  • the bundling tube also has a mechanical protection and support function for the sensor.
  • several sensors fixed to the bundling tube can be provided.
  • a silencer equipped with several sensors can also be used if a sensor is defective.
  • the repair-free operating time of the muffler with high efficiency is further extended.
  • Several sensors can in the circumferential direction of the bundling tube z. B. be arranged with the same circumferential distance.
  • the radial distance of the sensor from the tube axis of the bundling tube is about 6/10 of the total distance between the tube axis and the inner wall of the bundling tube. Due to this special distance with respect to the pipe axis, the sensor is insensitive to the first radial resonance of the two superimposed sound fields. An incorrect detection of the sound compensation is avoided.
  • an attachment hood which acts as a pressure chamber is mounted on the front side of the membrane.
  • This creates a pressure chamber loudspeaker such as the one used e.g. from F. Hausdorf, Handbuch der loudspeaker technology, 3rd ed. 1990, Copyright VISATON, p.28 ff.
  • the front cover and the pipe section significantly improve the adaptation of the loudspeaker diaphragm to the air. Accordingly, the efficiency of the silencer is increased in a simple manner.
  • the front cover and the pipe section protect the loudspeaker and the radiation opening very effectively against external mechanical influences.
  • the silencer according to the invention is very compact, space-saving and mechanically stable. Since the described components of the muffler have a multiple function in many cases, the entire muffler can be produced with a few components in an assembly-friendly and cost-effective manner. A necessary replacement of individual components, e.g. in repair cases is considerably simplified.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of the silencer according to the invention with a loudspeaker in cross section
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a conventional silencer for exhaust systems in motor vehicles according to section line II-II in Fig. 3,
  • Fig. 3 shows the sectional view of the conventional silencer according to the Section line III-III in FIG. 2,
  • FIG. 4 shows a sectional illustration of the muffler according to the invention for exhaust systems in motor vehicles in accordance with the section line IV-IV in FIG. 5,
  • FIG. 5 shows the sectional view of the muffler according to the section line V-V in Fig. 4,
  • FIG. 13 shows the side view of the muffler according to the invention in further embodiments.
  • a loudspeaker 2 is inserted into a closed loudspeaker housing 3.
  • the loudspeaker 2 is designed as a cone loudspeaker.
  • Essential components of the loudspeaker 2 are a loudspeaker membrane 4 widened like a funnel, a loudspeaker basket 5 surrounding the loudspeaker membrane like a funnel and an annular magnet system.
  • the magnet system has pole plates 6, 7, a ring magnet 8 lying between the pole plates 6, 7 and a pole core 9 radially surrounded by the ring magnet 8.
  • the construction and operation of the speaker 2 are well known and e.g. in F. Hausdorf, Handbuch der loudspeaker technology, 3rd edition 1990, Copyright VISATON, p. 22 ff.
  • the pole plate 6 and the pole core 9 are drilled centrally in the axial direction 10 of the loudspeaker 2.
  • a dust protection dome which is usually oriented transversely to the axial direction 10, is not present in the area of the loudspeaker membrane 2.
  • the loudspeaker 2 can surround a sound tube 11 concentrically.
  • the pole core 9 lies directly on the tubular casing of the sound tube 11.
  • the sound tube 11 penetrates a recess 41 of the loudspeaker housing 3 in a form-fitting manner and serves to guide interference sound in the direction of sound guidance 12. The interference sound is then radiated outwards at the tube mouth of the sound tube 11 which acts as a radiation opening 13.
  • the loudspeaker 2 is oriented relative to the sound tube 11 such that the radiation opening 13 and a basket edge 14 delimiting the funnel opening of the loudspeaker basket 5 lie approximately in the same plane. This largely avoids conventional transmission links between the radiation opening 13 and a loudspeaker.
  • the basket rim 14 is fastened to a baffle 25 forming part of the loudspeaker housing 3 by fastening means (not shown in more detail). If exhaust gases with correspondingly high exhaust gas temperatures are guided in the sound tube 11, the pole core 9 can - as shown in FIG. 1 - contain several bores 15. The holes 15 are only indicated schematically. The bores 15 are fluidly connected to one another and connected to cooling lines 16, also shown only schematically. This creates a closed cooling circuit through which a suitable coolant for cooling the magnet system flows. The cooling circuit is either completely in the cavity 17 of the loudspeaker housing 3 or the cooling lines 16 are led out of the loudspeaker housing 3 at a suitable point.
  • a conventional silencer 18 for exhaust pipes 19 in motor vehicles is shown in half-shell construction.
  • the outer contour of the muffler 18 is adapted to the underbody of the motor vehicle.
  • the muffler 18 consists of two half-shells 20, 21, which are connected by suitable connection techniques, e.g. Welding, are tightly connected to each other in a known manner.
  • To mechanically stabilize the muffler 18 there are support plates 22, 23 oriented approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the exhaust pipe 19 in the cavity thereof.
  • sound absorbing damping material 24 is inserted in the cavity of the sound damper 18.
  • the basic structure of the silencer 1 according to the invention can now advantageously be transferred to such a conventional silencer 18.
  • the damping material 24 and the support plate 23 are replaced by the loudspeaker 2 concentrically surrounding the exhaust pipe, and an opening is created in the half-shells 20, 21 for the loudspeaker 2 to emit the compensation sound, as can be seen in FIG. 4 and in FIG. 5 is.
  • the loudspeaker 2 in a double function, on the one hand, with its very stable loudspeaker basket 5, provides the necessary mutual support of the half-shells 20, 21 for mechanical stabilization of the muffler 18 and, on the other hand, the radiation of the compensation sound for damping or canceling the exhaust gas noise.
  • a cooling circuit (not shown in FIG. 4 and in FIG. 5) for cooling the magnet system of the loudspeaker 2 can also be provided.
  • the basket rim 14 is fastened to a baffle 25. It contains a recess approximately corresponding to the cross section of the basket edge 14 for inserting the Loudspeaker 2 in the axial direction 10.
  • the baffle 25, the basket edge 14 and the radiation opening 13 lie approximately in the same plane.
  • a baffle 26 connects to the baffle 25 on both sides of the loudspeaker 2.
  • the room walls 26 are only indicated schematically and can be self-contained.
  • the baffle 25 and the room walls 26 enclose a room with noise therein. This can be a machine room, for example. Via ventilation lines or the like. creates a connection to the outside that is permeable to noise.
  • the sound pipe 11 is the ventilation duct with the radiation opening 13 as a ventilation opening to the outside.
  • the disturbing noise emerging from a work or machine room is extinguished.
  • the rear of the loudspeaker 2 must be encapsulated.
  • a housing-like encapsulation 42 is provided.
  • the sound tube 11 is surrounded by an intermediate tube 27 in the area of the loudspeaker 2 at a radial distance.
  • the intermediate tube 27 extends in the axial direction 10 with its one tube end beyond the pole plate 6 and ends with its other tube end at the radiation opening 13.
  • the pole core 9 lies directly against the tube jacket of the intermediate tube 27.
  • the intermediate tube 27 consists of a material suitable for the thermal insulation of the loudspeaker 2 from the sound tube 11. With appropriate dimensioning of its dimensions, the intermediate tube 27 also acts like a bass refiex tube and thereby increases the efficiency of the muffler 1 when the noise is extinguished.
  • the intermediate tube 27 is guided outside the loudspeaker housing 3 with its tube end opposite the radiation opening 13 in the axial direction 10.
  • the pipe duct 28 formed by the radial distance between the sound pipe 11 and the intermediate pipe 27 is accessible outside the loudspeaker housing 3 in this case.
  • a suitable coolant such as e.g. Air or a fluid can be introduced to cool the speaker 2.
  • the pipe duct 28 can be used for additional thermal insulation between the sound pipe 11 and the loudspeaker 2.
  • the pipe duct 28 in the area of the magnet system of the loudspeaker 2 is filled with an insulating layer 29.
  • the pipe duct 28 is closed in the axial direction 10 by a further insulating layer 29.
  • the entire pipe duct 28 inside the loudspeaker housing 3 is filled with the insulating layer 29.
  • the loudspeaker housing 3 in FIG. 9 filled with sound absorbing damping material 30.
  • the damping material 30 covers the rear wall of the loudspeaker housing 3 opposite the loudspeaker membrane 4 in the axial direction 10.
  • the sound tube 11 is extended at its radiation opening 13 by an attachment tube 31 in the sound guidance direction 12. It is either attached to the radiation opening 13 as a separate component or manufactured in one piece with the sound tube 11.
  • the inner diameters of the sound tube 11 and the attachment tube 31 are approximately the same size.
  • the tubular jacket of the auxiliary pipe 31 contains a multiplicity of acoustically transparent perforations 32. With the help of the auxiliary pipe 31, exhaust gases flowing through the sound pipe 11 in the sound guide direction 12 are guided into an area further away from the loudspeaker 2 and can only be at the pipe mouth of the auxiliary pipe effective as exhaust gas opening 33 31 escape. As a result, the loudspeaker 2 and in particular the sensitive loudspeaker diaphragm 4 are better protected against harmful exhaust gases.
  • the acoustically transparent perforations 32 simultaneously ensure the necessary superimposition of the interference sound field and the compensation sound field according to the exemplary embodiments of the silencer 1 without the attachment tube 31.
  • a bundling tube 34 is also shown in FIG. 10. It connects to the front of the loudspeaker diaphragm 4 on the basket edge 14 and extends in the axial direction 10. Viewed in the axial direction 10, the bundling tube 34 is aligned with the loudspeaker housing 3.
  • the bundling tube 34 is either made in one piece with the loudspeaker housing 3 or as separate component e.g. fastened to the basket rim 14.
  • the bundling tube 34 bundles the compensation sound waves emitted by the loudspeaker membrane 4. This creates a concentrated overlay zone between the interference sound field and the compensation sound field in the area in front of the radiation opening 13. There is therefore a larger portion of the compensation sound field generated by the loudspeaker 2 for canceling out the noise.
  • the efficiency of the silencer 1 is further improved.
  • the front side of the loudspeaker diaphragm 4 is covered in the axial direction 10 by a plate-like, acoustically transparent perforated protective grille 35. It is shown schematically with a broken line.
  • the protective grid 35 lies approximately in the plane of the basket rim 14. It contains a central lattice opening 36 for the radiation opening 13.
  • the tube end of the bundling tube 34 opposite the basket edge 14 in the axial direction 10 is connected to a further protective lattice 35.
  • Whose grid opening 36 radially surrounds the exhaust gas opening 33 of the front pipe 31.
  • the protective grid 35 connected to the pipe of the bundling pipe 34 serves not only the mechanical damage protection of the loudspeaker 2, but also the protection of two control sensors attached to the inner wall of the bundling tube 34.
  • the two control sensors are each a microphone 37. They pick up the canceled or damped noise and emit a corresponding sensor signal to the control unit, so that the loudspeaker 2 is controlled as a function of the sensor signal.
  • further sensors or only a single sensor can also be attached to the inner wall of the bundling tube 34.
  • the microphone or the microphones 37 are arranged at a radial distance with respect to a tube axis 43 of the bundling tube 34, which is indicated by dash-dotted lines, and which is 0.6 times the tube radius 44 of the bundling tube 34.
  • the loudspeaker 2 is covered on its front side in the axial direction 10 by a front chamber 38 like a hood.
  • the front chamber 38 is a rotationally symmetrical component with the tube axis of the sound tube 11 as an imaginary axis of rotation. Its edge regions are fixed to the basket edge 14 by fastening means (not shown in more detail).
  • the front chamber 38 has a cross section which tapers conically in the axial direction 10. The conical taper opens into a pipe section 39.
  • the sound pipe 11 is extended in the direction of sound guide 12 beyond the plane of the basket rim 14 approximately to the pipe section 39. The latter delimits a chamber opening 40 and surrounds the sound tube 11 with a radial distance.
  • FIG. 13 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the front chamber 38. It is designed like a plate and lies plane-parallel to the plane of the basket rim 14.
  • the plate-like attachment chamber 38 is drilled centrally.
  • the bore acts as a chamber opening 40.
  • a pipe section 39 projects beyond the front chamber 38 in the axial direction 10.
  • the pipe section 39 surrounds the sound pipe 11 and delimits the chamber opening 40.
  • the front chamber 38 and the pipe section 39 act in the manner of a pressure chamber and thereby transform the compensation sound emitted by the loudspeaker 2 before it is overlaid with the interference sound in the area of the radiation opening 13. Through this transformation, the speaker diaphragm 4 is better adapted to the air.
  • the efficiency of the silencer 1 is further improved.
  • the components shown and described in various embodiments of the silencer 1 can of course also be integrated in exemplary embodiments in which these components are not shown or described.
  • the cooling circuit with the cooling lines 16 and the bores 15 explained with reference to FIG. 1 is also suitable for the muffler 1 according to the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 4-13. In this sense, the bundling tube 34 according to FIGS. 10 and 11 can of course also be combined with the silencer 1 according to the exemplary embodiments FIGS. 1-9.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)

Abstract

Un atténuateur de bruit actif (1) permettant la compensation du bruit parasite rayonné par une source de bruit parasite à travers une ouverture de rayonnement (13) contient un haut-parleur (2) pour le rayonnement d'un bruit de compensation de telle sorte que les deux champs sonores du bruit parasite et du bruit de compensation s'affaiblisssent ou se suppriment mutuellement par interférence. Le haut-parleur (2) est disposé de telle sorte que son axe longitudinal soit sensiblement concentrique par rapport au centre de l'ouverture de rayonnement (13) et entoure radialement l'ouverture de rayonnement (13) avec sa membrane (4) qui génère le bruit de compensation.
EP94918733A 1993-07-07 1994-06-23 Attenuateur de bruit actif Expired - Lifetime EP0707737B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4322627 1993-07-07
DE4322627 1993-07-07
PCT/DE1994/000723 WO1995002238A1 (fr) 1993-07-07 1994-06-23 Attenuateur de bruit actif

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0707737A1 true EP0707737A1 (fr) 1996-04-24
EP0707737B1 EP0707737B1 (fr) 1998-11-04

Family

ID=6492183

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94918733A Expired - Lifetime EP0707737B1 (fr) 1993-07-07 1994-06-23 Attenuateur de bruit actif

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US5677958A (fr)
EP (1) EP0707737B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH08512410A (fr)
KR (1) KR960703256A (fr)
CN (1) CN1064158C (fr)
AU (1) AU6993794A (fr)
CA (1) CA2166282A1 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ284565B6 (fr)
DE (2) DE4494827D2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2126121T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL173055B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1995002238A1 (fr)

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FR2729781B1 (fr) * 1995-01-23 1997-04-18 Bertin & Cie Dispositif de controle actif du bruit
DE19528888A1 (de) * 1995-07-20 1997-01-23 Nokia Deutschland Gmbh Anordnung zur Auslöschung von Schallwellen
EP0755045B1 (fr) * 1995-07-20 2002-10-02 Harman Audio Electronic Systems GmbH Dispositif de suppression d'ondes sonores
US5828759A (en) * 1995-11-30 1998-10-27 Siemens Electric Limited System and method for reducing engine noise
JP2967400B2 (ja) * 1995-12-15 1999-10-25 富士ゼロックス株式会社 画像形成装置の騒音マスキング装置および騒音マスキング方法
FR2783870B1 (fr) * 1998-09-24 2000-12-22 Ecia Equip Composants Ind Auto Systeme anti-bruit de ligne d'echappement pour vehicule automobile
FR2808161A1 (fr) * 2000-04-19 2001-10-26 Ecia Equip Composants Ind Auto Haut-parleur et ligne d'echappement le comportant
DE102006010558A1 (de) * 2006-03-06 2007-09-13 J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG Aktiver Schalldämpfer für eine Abgasanlage
ES2528185T3 (es) * 2007-12-11 2015-02-05 General Electric Company Reducción de ruido de caja de engranajes mediante control de accionamiento eléctrico
CN101231846B (zh) * 2007-12-27 2011-02-02 中国农业大学 利用声波干涉方式的主动噪声控制系统及噪声控制方法
DE102008018085A1 (de) * 2008-04-09 2009-10-15 J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG Aktiver Schalldämpfer
CN101691875B (zh) * 2009-09-28 2011-07-20 浙江金盾风机风冷设备有限公司 地铁大型可逆风机用有源消声器
JP5644593B2 (ja) * 2011-03-07 2014-12-24 ソニー株式会社 スピーカー装置
DE102012219981A1 (de) * 2012-10-31 2014-06-12 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Magnetkühlung für Aktoren einer aktiven Abgasanlage
DE102013005147A1 (de) 2013-03-26 2014-10-02 Mann + Hummel Gmbh Aktive Schalldämpfereinrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine
KR101488323B1 (ko) * 2013-08-20 2015-01-30 현대자동차주식회사 능동소음제어 스피커의 열해방지 구조
CN103686565B (zh) * 2013-12-29 2017-09-26 长城汽车股份有限公司 车内声音控制系统
US9394812B2 (en) * 2014-07-09 2016-07-19 Aai Corporation Attenuating engine noise using a reverse resonator
FR3047600B1 (fr) * 2016-02-08 2018-02-02 Universite Paris-Sud Absorbeur acoustique, paroi acoustique et procede de conception et fabrication
ES2992787T3 (en) 2016-05-27 2024-12-18 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy As Rotor blade with noise reduction means
CN108597489A (zh) * 2018-04-21 2018-09-28 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 一种高速列车车内噪声主动控制系统
CN109253340B (zh) * 2018-10-31 2024-04-19 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所 一种频率可调且可承压的共振式水消声器
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CZ284565B6 (cs) 1999-01-13
AU6993794A (en) 1995-02-06
CA2166282A1 (fr) 1995-01-19
CN1064158C (zh) 2001-04-04
KR960703256A (ko) 1996-06-19
ES2126121T3 (es) 1999-03-16
WO1995002238A1 (fr) 1995-01-19
DE4494827D2 (de) 1996-08-22
PL173055B1 (pl) 1998-01-30
EP0707737B1 (fr) 1998-11-04
PL310994A1 (en) 1996-01-22
JPH08512410A (ja) 1996-12-24
US5677958A (en) 1997-10-14
CZ1996A3 (en) 1996-06-12
CN1126525A (zh) 1996-07-10
DE59407238D1 (de) 1998-12-10

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