EP0708464A2 - Commutateur électrique - Google Patents

Commutateur électrique Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0708464A2
EP0708464A2 EP95115666A EP95115666A EP0708464A2 EP 0708464 A2 EP0708464 A2 EP 0708464A2 EP 95115666 A EP95115666 A EP 95115666A EP 95115666 A EP95115666 A EP 95115666A EP 0708464 A2 EP0708464 A2 EP 0708464A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
arm
actuating member
contact bridge
actuating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95115666A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0708464B1 (fr
EP0708464A3 (fr
Inventor
Alois Schäffeler
Axel Riess
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Marquardt GmbH
Original Assignee
Marquardt GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Marquardt GmbH filed Critical Marquardt GmbH
Publication of EP0708464A2 publication Critical patent/EP0708464A2/fr
Publication of EP0708464A3 publication Critical patent/EP0708464A3/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0708464B1 publication Critical patent/EP0708464B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H15/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for actuation in opposite directions, e.g. slide switch
    • H01H15/02—Details
    • H01H15/06—Movable parts; Contacts mounted thereon
    • H01H15/10—Operating parts
    • H01H15/102—Operating parts comprising cam devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/02—Details
    • H01H13/12—Movable parts; Contacts mounted thereon
    • H01H13/20—Driving mechanisms

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical switch according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such switches can occur in a single or multi-pole version. They are used primarily as a power switch in electrical hand tools.
  • an electrical switch in which two contact systems are arranged in a housing.
  • An actuator that can be actuated against a compression spring is used to switch the contact systems.
  • the contact system consists of a rocker-shaped contact bridge which is rotatably mounted on a cutting edge which acts as a contact bearing and a fixed contact which interacts with the contact bridge.
  • the switchover of the contact system is effected by means of an actuating cam arranged on the actuating member under the action of a restoring force in the direction of the contact bridge when the actuating member is actuated.
  • the actuating member has a receptacle in the upper area, in which the actuating cam is guided horizontally under the action of a compression spring.
  • the actuating member is actuated, there may be a guiding problem of the actuating cam, which can jam. In such a case, the contact system is not switched over.
  • the manufacture and assembly of the receptacle and actuating cams is complex.
  • the invention has for its object to simplify the arrangement of the actuating cam on the actuator in such a switch and to increase its operational reliability.
  • the contact bridge of the contact system can be designed as a two-armed lever, a switching contact interacting with the fixed contact being arranged on a first lever arm.
  • the actuating cam rests on the other second lever arm.
  • the arm supporting the actuating cam can be designed as a one-armed lever, the pivot point of which is formed by the bearing point on the actuating member.
  • the actuating cam is arranged on the arm at such a distance from the bearing point that it lies against the second lever arm of the contact bridge in the non-actuated state.
  • the bearing point of the arm on the actuating member can be formed by a pin engaging in an elongated hole, the elongated hole being larger in cross section than the pin. This allows the arm to move in the direction of the actuator in addition to the pivoting movement. As a result, a kind of cascade effect occurs, as a result of which an increase in contact force with an abrupt increase in contact force between the switching and fixed contacts is achieved when the contact bridge is switched.
  • the advantages achieved with the invention are in particular that the guidance of the actuating cam is improved during actuation. Tilting or jamming of the actuating cam is effectively prevented, even with increased manufacturing tolerances, which increases the operational reliability of the switch while being largely insensitive to dust.
  • the assembly of the contact system for the switch is simplified. As a result, the switch according to the invention can also be produced more cost-effectively.
  • the lifespan is also increased.
  • the contact system is even suitable for slow actuation speeds because the contact force is built up suddenly due to a cascade effect. Burning of the contacts and the resulting premature failure of the switch is also effectively prevented.
  • the contact system in the switch according to the invention can be miniaturized and nevertheless easily assembled.
  • larger inrush current peaks which are caused by the inductance of the electric motor, can be handled even with a reduced contact area without welding or damage to the contacts.
  • the switch as a whole can also have smaller dimensions.
  • the number of parts for the contact systems is reduced in the case of multi-pole switches, which in turn means that the switch can be manufactured more cost-effectively.
  • an electrical switch 1 is shown, which can be used in particular as a power switch in electrical hand tools.
  • the switch 1 has an approximately cup-shaped housing 2, in the interior of which a contact system 3 is arranged.
  • the housing 2 is closed off by a cover 7, which engages in a circumferential groove 9 on the edge of the housing 2 by means of lugs 8 in order to achieve good dust and moisture tightness.
  • a linearly actuable actuator 4 for switching over the contact system 3.
  • the actuator 4 protrudes from the housing 2 with a pusher 6.
  • a compression spring 5 supported on the bottom 11 of the housing 2 is inserted such that when the actuator 4 is actuated by the pusher 6, a restoring force acts on the actuator 4.
  • the area of the pusher 6 there is an elastic bell-shaped bellows 10 on the cover 7, with the aid of which the area on the cover 7 at which the pusher 6 penetrates the cover 7 is sealed.
  • the contact system 3 consists of a rocker-shaped contact bridge 12 which is rotatably mounted on a cutting edge 13 which acts as a contact bearing.
  • the cutting edge 13 is connected to an electrical connection 15 located on one side of the housing 2.
  • a fixed contact 14 interacts with the contact bridge 12 and is connected to a further electrical connection 16 on the other side of the housing 2 via a contact rail running in the housing 2.
  • the rocker-shaped contact bridge 12 has a first lever arm 18 provided with a switching contact 17 and a second one Lever arm 19.
  • the two lever arms 18, 19 are connected to one another by an intermediate region 20.
  • At the side of this intermediate area 20 there are bulges 21, by means of which the contact bridge 12 is movably mounted on the cutting edge 13.
  • the contact bridge 12 is electrically connected to the connection 15 via the cutting edge 13, so that the bulges 21 and the cutting edge 13 form a contact bearing.
  • an arm 22 is pivotally mounted on the actuator 4 in the interior of the housing 2 about a bearing 23.
  • the arm 22 is designed as a lever, in the present exemplary embodiment as a one-armed lever, the pivot point of the lever being formed by the bearing point 23.
  • the actuating cam 24 is thus movably arranged on the actuating member 4 via the arm 22 and is under the action of a restoring force in the direction of the contact bridge 12 by a compression spring 25 acting on the arm 22.
  • the compression spring 25 is held at one end in a receptacle 26 on the actuating member 4 and at the other end on a holding pin 27 which is located on the side of the arm 22 opposite the contact bridge 12, as can be seen in FIG. 2.
  • Fig. 1 the switch 1 can be seen in the unactuated state.
  • the bearing point 23 is now arranged on the actuator 4 such that it is opposite the first lever arm 18 of the contact bridge 12 in the unactuated state.
  • the actuating cam 24 is also at such a distance from the bearing point 23 that it bears in the unactuated state on the second lever arm 19 of the contact bridge 12. Due to the force of the compression spring 25, the contact bridge 12 is thereby held in a position in which the first lever arm 18 located switch contact 17 is removed from the fixed contact 14, so that the electrical connection between the terminals 15 and 16 is interrupted. Switch 1 is thus in the off position.
  • the actuating member 4 is to be moved towards the interior of the housing 2 by means of the pusher 6 against the force of the compression spring 5.
  • the actuating cam 24 slides along the contact bridge 12 from the second lever arm 19 to the intermediate area 20.
  • a slightly protruding nose 28 is arranged on the intermediate area 20, which is essentially flat, which leads into the intermediate area 20 can be embossed.
  • an additional force must be applied in the direction of the compression spring 25 when the actuating member 4 moves further so that the arm 22 can be deflected in accordance with the nose 28.
  • the nose 28 interacts with the actuating cam 24 in the manner of a pressure point.
  • the actuating cam 24 suddenly arrives from the intermediate region 20 to the first lever arm 18.
  • the restoring force of the compression spring 25 then moves the arm 22 together with the actuating cam 24 in the direction of the contact bridge 12, so that the contact bridge 12 moves around the cutting edge 13 until the switch contact 17 bears against the fixed contact 14.
  • the actuated state which can be seen in more detail in FIG. 2, has thus been reached, the switch 1 being in the on position.
  • an electrical connection is now established between the connections 15 and 16, the actuating cam 24 abutting the first lever arm 18 there.
  • the arm 22 can be made of plastic and can be produced with the one-piece actuating cam 24 as an injection molded part. But it is also possible to arm 22 as To produce a stamped part made of metal, in which case the plastic actuation cam 24 is injection molded onto the metal part for electrical insulation. To exert the restoring force, a compression spring 25 is arranged on the arm 22. Alternatively, this restoring force can also be generated by an elastic deformation of the arm 22 when the actuator 4 moves. In this case, it makes sense to design the arm 22 as a leaf spring, wire bracket or the like.
  • the bearing point 23 for the arm 22 is shown in more detail in FIG. 2.
  • the bearing point 23 consists of an elongated hole 29, which is arranged in the arm 22, and a pin 30 engaging in the elongated hole 29, which in turn is located on the actuator 4.
  • the pin 30 on the arm 22 and the elongated hole 29 can also be located in the manner of a blind hole in the actuating member 4.
  • the elongated hole 29 has a larger cross section than the pin 30, for example in that the elongated hole 29 has an oval cross section, while the pin 30 has a round cross section.
  • the arm 22 can, in addition to the pivoting movement when actuated by the pusher 6, carry out a movement which runs in the direction of the movement direction of the actuating member 4. If the actuating member 4 is now moved to switch over the contact bridge 12, this additional movement of the arm 22 takes place in the elongated hole 29 when the pressure point on the nose 28 is overcome, as a result of which a further increase in contact force with abrupt contact force buildup between the switching contact 17 on the contact bridge 12 and the Fixed contact 14 is achieved.
  • the contact force increases linearly according to the curve section 33 up to the end of the actuation path.
  • the contact force is again suddenly reduced to zero when the pressure point is overcome, as can be seen from the curve section 32.
  • the distance between the two curve sections 32, 32 'further shows that a certain hysteresis between the switching processes when the switch 1 is switched on and off can be achieved through the elongated hole 29.
  • the sudden build-up or breakdown of the contact force advantageously precludes a gradual actuation with slow contact between the switching contact 17 and the fixed contact 14, and the otherwise negative effects, such as contact erosion or the like, are thereby effectively prevented.
  • a two-pole switch 1 which has two identical contact systems 3, 3 'of the type shown in FIG. 1, which can be switched over by means of an actuator 4.
  • the two contact systems 3, 3 ' each with a contact bridge 12, 12', are arranged side by side in the housing 2, as can be seen from FIG. 6.
  • an actuating cam 24, 24' acts on each contact bridge 12, 12 ', which is on one of the respective Contact bridge 12, 12 'associated arm 22, 22' is arranged.
  • Each arm 22, 22 ' is in turn rotatably supported on the actuating member 4 in a bearing point 23, 23' corresponding to the type shown in FIG.
  • the two bearing points 23, 23 ' being located on the opposite sides of the actuating member 4.
  • the two arms 22, 22 ' are connected on the side facing away from the bearing point 23, 23' with a cross strut 34, so that the arms 22, 22 'and the cross strut 34 form a type of U-shaped fork 35, as seen in particular from the perspective Fig. 7 can be seen.
  • the compression spring 25 for exerting the restoring force acts on the cross strut 34.
  • the mode of operation of this switch 1 is analogous to the mode of operation already explained above, in particular an elongated hole arrangement can also be provided here at the bearing point 23, 23 'for increasing the contact force.

Landscapes

  • Rotary Switch, Piano Key Switch, And Lever Switch (AREA)
  • Tumbler Switches (AREA)
EP95115666A 1994-10-17 1995-10-05 Commutateur électrique Expired - Lifetime EP0708464B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4437020A DE4437020A1 (de) 1994-10-17 1994-10-17 Elektrischer Schalter
DE4437020 1994-10-17

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0708464A2 true EP0708464A2 (fr) 1996-04-24
EP0708464A3 EP0708464A3 (fr) 1996-05-08
EP0708464B1 EP0708464B1 (fr) 1999-01-27

Family

ID=6530953

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95115666A Expired - Lifetime EP0708464B1 (fr) 1994-10-17 1995-10-05 Commutateur électrique

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5651452A (fr)
EP (1) EP0708464B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4437020A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2129723T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4439008C2 (de) * 1994-11-02 1999-05-27 Eaton Controls Gmbh Elektrischer Tastschalter
JP3820680B2 (ja) * 1997-06-11 2006-09-13 松下電器産業株式会社 プッシュスイッチ及びその組立て方法
DE10250262A1 (de) * 2001-11-02 2003-05-15 Marquardt Gmbh Elektrischer Schalter
US6710277B1 (en) * 2002-12-17 2004-03-23 Defond Manufacturing Limited Electrical switch
DE102006000975B4 (de) 2005-01-12 2019-09-26 Marquardt Gmbh Elektrischer Schalter und Elektrowerkzeug damit
DE102008042799A1 (de) 2008-10-13 2010-04-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Schalteranordnung, elektrischer Verbraucher sowie Werkzeugmaschine
DE102014015410A1 (de) 2013-10-22 2015-04-23 Marquardt Verwaltungs-Gmbh Elektrischer Schalter, insbesondere Elektrowerkzeugschalter
CN109994330B (zh) * 2019-03-04 2024-10-29 常州云杰电器有限公司 具有快速分断的电动工具开关

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4011875A1 (de) 1990-04-12 1991-10-17 Marquardt Gmbh Elektrischer schalter

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2162852C3 (de) * 1971-10-26 1974-11-07 Mecanismos Auxiliares Industriales, S.A., Valls, Tarragona (Spanien) Umschalter
DE2412812C2 (de) * 1974-03-16 1985-10-24 J. & J. Marquardt, 7201 Rietheim-Weilheim Elektrischer Schalter
US4006333A (en) * 1975-06-11 1977-02-01 Cutler-Hammer, Inc. Higher rated double-pole trigger switch
US4459448A (en) * 1982-11-04 1984-07-10 Mcdill Glenn A Double pull double throw switch
SU1422254A1 (ru) * 1987-03-10 1988-09-07 Специальное Конструкторское Бюро Харьковского Электроаппаратного Завода Выключатель
DE3713775C2 (de) * 1987-04-24 1996-02-08 Cherry Mikroschalter Gmbh Tastenschalter
DE3714632A1 (de) * 1987-05-02 1988-11-17 Asea Brown Boveri Elektrisches schaltgeraet
DE4216454A1 (de) * 1991-05-27 1992-12-03 Marquardt Gmbh Druckschalter
DE4302185C1 (de) * 1993-01-27 1994-03-24 Schadow Rudolf Gmbh Zweipoliger Schalter
DE9402333U1 (de) * 1994-02-12 1994-04-14 Gebr. Berker GmbH & Co, 58579 Schalksmühle Schaltsystem für Drucktastenschalter, Schiebeschalter und Wippenschalter

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4011875A1 (de) 1990-04-12 1991-10-17 Marquardt Gmbh Elektrischer schalter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2129723T3 (es) 1999-06-16
US5651452A (en) 1997-07-29
DE4437020A1 (de) 1996-04-18
EP0708464B1 (fr) 1999-01-27
EP0708464A3 (fr) 1996-05-08
DE59504968D1 (de) 1999-03-11

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