EP0716404B1 - Méthode pour la transmission en série de valeurs de mesure numérique - Google Patents

Méthode pour la transmission en série de valeurs de mesure numérique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0716404B1
EP0716404B1 EP95118878A EP95118878A EP0716404B1 EP 0716404 B1 EP0716404 B1 EP 0716404B1 EP 95118878 A EP95118878 A EP 95118878A EP 95118878 A EP95118878 A EP 95118878A EP 0716404 B1 EP0716404 B1 EP 0716404B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
value
values
transmitted
transmitter
resistance value
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP95118878A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0716404A1 (fr
Inventor
Walter Dr. Mehnert
Thomas Dr. Theil
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C19/00—Electric signal transmission systems
    • G08C19/16—Electric signal transmission systems in which transmission is by pulses
    • G08C19/28—Electric signal transmission systems in which transmission is by pulses using pulse code

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method in the preamble of claim 1 Art.
  • Such methods are used, for example, if continuously measured values from a peripherally arranged Sensor to a central, acting as a user Evaluation and processing unit to be transferred.
  • the transmission rate is proportional to the accuracy or to the resolving power with which the measured values are obtained and transmitted because high accuracy or high resolution a high number of bits per measured value make necessary.
  • the invention is based on the object Develop methods of the type mentioned in such a way that the inherent advantage of serial transmission methods small number of transmission lines is preserved and at the same time a transmission rate is reached with the transmission rates of the parallel transmission methods is not only comparable, but even surpasses it.
  • the method according to the invention is based on sensor systems from that continuously in a predetermined by the sensor system Time clock deliver measured values, either only as absolute values or both as absolute values and as incremental ones Change values are incurred.
  • Transfer values are formed from these measured values, the two categories in terms of information content be assigned.
  • the transmission values of the first category are called absolute values sent, i.e. it will all bits that the represent the associated absolute measured value with the help a suitable modulation method on the transmitter side and after fed into the transmission line and on the receiver side taking into account the importance that each this bit is assigned to a received measured value, which is both cached and another Processing is fed.
  • the transfer values of the second category are opposed formed by only one sign bit and one value bit, that they are each related to the incremental change value of the previous measured value.
  • the latter can immediately used as transmission values of the second category. If the sensor system only provides absolute values, then the transmission values of the second category are on the transmitter side by forming the difference between the successive Absolute values won.
  • a "virtual" absolute measured value can be generated by the following for the completely transferred absolute value Increments with correct sign added, i.e. with positive Sign added and subtracted with negative sign become.
  • the zero increment does not change anything of the virtual measured value formed on the receiver side.
  • the increments can thus be represented using two bits , for example by changing the -1 to the Bit sequence 01, change +1 bit sequence 10 and "Change" 0 can be assigned to bit sequence 11.
  • the same possible bit sequence 00 either remains unused, their appearance being taken as an indication of this may be that an error has occurred or it is serving for example, subsequent bits as protocol bits to mark.
  • the maximum rate of change that occurs under all circumstances the physical measured by the sensor Size specifies the lower limit of frequency, with which the transmission values must be sent.
  • the time interval with which immediately successive Measured values generated by the sensor must be so small that as a rule the change occurring in this period the physical size and thus the difference of two successive measured values less than / equal to the absolute amount of the increment value.
  • the latter can, however according to a preferred variant chosen in the manner variable be that at high rates of change a larger increment value represented by one bit each Difference is assigned than for small rates of change.
  • the transferred incremental values are received by the recipient at high rates of change no longer to the position of what was updated there added virtual measurement value (added or subtracted) which has the lowest value, but to the position with the second lowest or even one higher value.
  • This has a corresponding reduction of resolving power, but provides such high rates of change of those to be monitored physical size is generally not a disadvantage.
  • the upper limit frequency with which the transmission values are sent must be chosen so high that in addition to the bit pairs, which are the incremental values and the sign of the to represent transmission values belonging to the second category, the "additional information" can also be transferred, to which the bits belong, which are the transmission values of the first Show category and log data with their help can be recognized on the receiver side to which category the respective bit belongs to what size an incremental step is to be assigned at the respective time and which Length of the transmitted words, in which in a predeterminable sequence and number of bits of the first category, Second category bit and protocol bit are included.
  • German Offenlegungsschrift 42 24 225 there is one Evaluation electronics described for a position transmitter, which determines the measured values using a control loop.
  • the one provided in digital form is in a hurry Measured value always behind the actual (angle) position when this changes.
  • the circuit arrangement is but trained so that when this change with constant speed to compensate for the a correction value is formed and is added to the current measured value so that the corrected measured value the current actual position reproduces exactly.
  • the log data can also be used with the incremental values representing bits are so interleaved that a seamless update of the virtual Measured values is possible.
  • a particularly advantageous transmission method results if an adapted, twisted two-wire line is provided on the one standing alternating voltage wave with that according to the above Transmission frequency and criteria set fixed voltage amplitude is generated. Both of these necessary as well as that for the supply of the sensor and electrical energy required for its electronics be fed in from the receiver side.
  • the standing wave is current modulated, what can be controlled by opening and closing a quick Switch arrangement can be done on the transmitter side. With two consecutive half waves (one positive, one negative), there are then four different states (first half-wave loaded or unloaded; second half-wave loaded or unloaded), of which e.g. to Transfer of an incremental value (with sign) only three are needed. The fourth state can then Error detection or used to do the following Mark data as log data.
  • transmitter 1 in which to be continuously transmitted Data is generated in digital form, and a recipient side 2 indicated to whom this data for further processing should be transferred.
  • the Connection between transmitter 1 and receiver 2 forms a twisted 2-wire line 4.
  • This 2-wire line 4 is used on the one hand by the receiver side 2 to the transmitter 1 the electrical Transfer energy to operate the latter contained circuitry is needed. At the same time but it also serves to transfer the from Transmitter 1 provided data on the the receiver side 2 arranged users of this Data.
  • the terms “sender” and “receiver” refer thus on the flow direction of those to be transmitted Measurement data while electrical supply energy and if required, control commands on the 2-wire line 4 in the opposite direction, i.e. from the recipient 2 are transmitted to transmitter 1.
  • this sensor there is a sensor on the side of the transmitter 1, which measures any physical quantity and converts it into an electrical signal.
  • this sensor be a temperature sensor, a position detector such as an encoder etc. act.
  • It is also located on the transmitter side an electronic preparation and buffer circuit, which is the electrical supplied by the sensor Signal processed and in digital form for transmission to the recipient side 2 or on demand.
  • Such a sensor and associated electronic circuits are, for example European Patent Application 93 111 319.5.
  • this sensor together with its complete electronics briefly as "Consumer” referred to in the figure by the reproduced block marked with the reference numeral 6 is.
  • receiver side 2 one in the present Context also referred to as "user" Evaluation electronics that are supplied by the transmitter 1 Data processed, a power supply unit, which the electrical energy required by the transmitter 1 in suitable form, as well as others, circuit arrangements briefly explained below includes, which are not shown in the figure, since their structure and interconnection for the Expert are self-evident.
  • connection terminals 8, 9 connected to the one winding 10 of a transformer 11, whose other winding 12 with the receiver side End of the 2-wire line 4 is connected. It became aware of the use of the terms here "Primary winding” and “secondary winding” dispensed with, because the winding 10 with respect to the one to be transmitted electrical supply energy the primary side, as to the one to be transmitted from the sender to the recipient Data but the secondary side of the transmitter 11 forms. The reverse applies correspondingly to the winding 12.
  • the windings 10, 12 of the transformer 11 are designed that the fed in at connections 8, 9, AC voltage used to supply the transmitter 1 is transformed down to that by high frequency Cross currents result in losses on the 2-wire line 4 as small as possible.
  • connection 19 there is one side the consumer 6 directly connected to the connection 19, while its other side is connected to terminal 18 is connected via a resistor 21 to which a faster controllable switch 22 connected in parallel is.
  • resistor 21 and the consumer 6 existing series connection In parallel to that of resistor 21 and the consumer 6 existing series connection is above the connections 18, 19 one of a resistor 24 and a fast one controllable switch 25 existing further series connection.
  • Resistors 21, 24 and switches 22, 25 serve in addition, those supplied by the consumer 6 in digital form Data by current modulation on the 2-wire transmission line 4 to be stamped on the receiver side 2 located users to transfer, as follows is explained in more detail. The one to carry out this Modulation the switch 22, 25 actuating control circuit is contained in consumer 6 and is not described here, since their structure is well known to the expert.
  • the described Transmission arrangement depends on the transmitter 1 and the receiver 2 with the help of a cost-effective as possible Connect line.
  • a cost-effective as possible Connect line To the bedding of Preventing interference signals is therefore a twisted one 2-wire line selected, on their high-frequency properties but no high demands are made can, so that in particular a small wave resistance and a small transverse resistance can be accepted have to.
  • the transmitters 11, 15 designed so that the between the two wires of the Line 4 existing voltage much lower than that supply voltage required by the consumer 6.
  • the Length of line 4 is equal to ⁇ / 4 or an odd number A multiple of this is when ⁇ is the wavelength of the AC wave is.
  • the frequency of the the connections 8, 9 supplied AC supply voltage and the length of line 4 matched so that the latter is equal to a quarter ⁇ because this is the lowest possible Frequency of the AC supply voltage results.
  • the resistance terminating the line 4 for ideal power adaptation would be equal to its characteristic impedance ⁇ L. Since the transformer 15 increases this value by the square of its transmission ratio n, the resistance value n 2 ⁇ ⁇ L must appear between the connections 18, 19 for an ideal power adjustment.
  • the switch 22 In the second modulation state, the switch 22 is open, so that the consumer 6 with the resistor 21st forms a voltage divider that at the connections 18, 19 appearing increased tension just so low that the voltage across the consumer 6 compared to the first modulation state remains unchanged.
  • the resistance values of the consumer 6 on the one hand and of the resistor 21 on the other hand must be selected appropriately. This is preferably done so that the resistance value of the consumer 6 is equal to 2.n 2 . ⁇ L. This can be done either with the help of suitable, non-switchable series or parallel resistors, not shown in the figure. Another possibility is to choose the transmission ratio n of the transformer 15 such that the resistance of the consumer 6, which is fixed in terms of circuitry, is equal to 2.n 2 ⁇ L.
  • the already mentioned resistor 22 is provided, the resistance value of which is equal to the resistance value of the consumer, that is to say 2.n 2 . ⁇ L is. Since the switch 25 connected in series with this resistor 22 is closed in the first modulation state, a total resistance n 2 ⁇ ⁇ L results for the line termination. In the second modulation state, the switch 25 is opened, so that the transmission line 4 is terminated with the total resistance 3.n 2 . ⁇ L composed of the resistance values of the resistor 21 and the load 6.
  • transmitters 1 and Receiver 2 only through a single 2-wire line 4 are interconnected on both the energy supply of transmitter 1 as well as data transmission from transmitter 1 to receiver 2 takes place.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
  • Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
  • Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Procédé pour la transmission en série vers un récepteur de valeurs de mesure délivrées de manière continue à partir d'un capteur et présentes côté émetteur sous forme numérique, caracténsé en ce que les valeurs de mesure sont déterminées avec des écarts de temps si courts que leur écart respectivement par rapport à la valeur de mesure précédemment déterminée est en général de + 1,0 ou - 1 et peut ainsi être représentée simplement avec deux bits, dont un représente le signe et l'autre la valeur de l'écart, en ce que parmi les valeurs de mesure relatives à une période de temps prédéterminable uniquement respectivement une est entièrement transmise en tant que valeur absolue, alors que parmi les autres uniquement les valeurs de changement incrémentielles relatives à cette valeur de mesure sont transmises, et en ce que côté récepteur les valeurs de mesure "virtuelles" correspondant aux valeurs de mesure déterminées côté émetteur sont synthétisées du fait que les valeurs incrémentielles transmises sont ajoutées avec le bon signe et la bonne valeur à la valeur absolue complètement transmise.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les bits de la valeur à transmettre complètement sous la forme de valeur absolue sont transmis individuellement ou en petits groupes de manière alternée avec les bits respectifs représentant une valeur de changement incrémentielle.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'entre deux bits ou groupe de bits transmis l'un après l'autre de la valeur absolue, est transmise une pluralité de valeurs incrémentielles.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'en plus des bits qui représentent les valeurs de mesure à transmettre en tant que valeurs absolues respectivement les valeurs incrémentielles, des bits de protocole sont transmis qui permettent une affectation définie des bits de valeur de mesure aux valeurs absolues ou aux valeurs incrémentielles.
  5. Procédé l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la grandeur du montant du changement de la grandeur à mesurer, qui est décrite respectivement par un bit servant à la transmission de la valeur incrémentielle, est définie de manière différente à des temps différents.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la valeur significative, que prend un bit à un moment donné, qui représente une valeur incrémentielle, est également déterminée à l'aide de bits de protocole à transmettre.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que côté récepteur une valeur de mesure complètement transmise en tant que nouvelle valeur absolue est comparée à une valeur de mesure virtuelle, qui a été synthétisée côté récepteur à partir de la dernière valeur absolue complètement transmise et des valeurs incrémentielles transmises entre temps, et en ce qu'une différence éventuellement présente est utilisée pour la reconnaissance d'erreurs et la correction d'erreurs.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une valeur de mesure virtuelle est également formée côté émetteur et est comparée avec les valeurs absolues ici déterminées et en ce que l'émetteur forme lors de l'apparition de différences entre ces valeurs de mesure virtuelles et ces valeurs absolues des incréments de correction et les émet en tant que valeur de transmission de la deuxième catégorie.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la transmission est réalisée sur un circuit à deux fils (4), sur lequel est alimentée une onde de courant alternatif stationnaire avec une amplitude de tension invariable, dont la fréquence est fixée par rapport au circuit à deux fils (4) de telle sorte que sa longueur est égale à un quart ou un multiple impair d'un quart de la longueur d'onde (λ) de la tension alternative, et en ce que le codage du bit individuel à transmettre se produit par modulation de courant de telle manière que côté émetteur on permute à l'aide d'un arrangement de commutateur commandable (22, 25) entre un premier état de modulation dans lequel le circuit à deux fils (4) est fermé avec une première valeur de résistance et un second état de modulation dans lequel le circuit à deux fils (4) est fermé avec une valeur de résistance différente de la première valeur de résistance.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que l'onde de tension alternative stationnaire est alimentée sur le circuit à deux fils (4) du récepteur (2) et sert simultanément d'alimentation de courant pour l'arrangement du circuit (1) côté émetteur.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 9 ou la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que la valeur de résistance sur laquelle le premier état de modulation est commuté, est la valeur de résistance nécessaire pour l'adaptation de puissance idéale du côté émetteur au circuit à deux fils (4).
  12. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 9 à 11, caractérisé en ce que la valeur de résistance sur laquelle on commute dans le deuxième état de modulation est égale à trois fois la valeur de résistance utilisée pour le premier état de modulation.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que le circuit à deux fils (4) et le dispositif consommateur du secteur (6) côté émetteur sont adaptés l'un à l'autre de telle sorte que leur valeur de résistance est égale au double de la valeur de résistance nécessaire pour une adaptation de puissance idéale, de sorte qu'avec le dispositif consommateur (6), une première résistance (21) est montée en série dont la valeur de résistance est égale à la valeur de résistance nécessaire pour une adaptation en puissance idéale et qui est court-circuitée par un premier commutateur commandable (22) monté en parallèle et que parallèlement au circuit en série constitué du dispositif consommateur (6) et de la première résistance (21), est prévu un autre circuit en série, qui est constitué d'un second commutateur commandable (25) et d'une seconde résistance (24), dont la valeur de résistance est égale au double de la valeur de résistance nécessaire pour une adaptation en puissance idéale.
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que l'adaptation entre le circuit à deux fils (4) et le dispositif consommateur (6) côté émetteur est réalisée à l'aide d'un transformateur (15) monté entre l'extrémité du circuit et l'entrée (18, 19) de l'émetteur (1).
  15. Procédé selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que le circuit à deux fils (4) est également couplé avec le récepteur (2) au moyen d'un transformateur (11).
  16. Procédé selon la revendication 14 ou la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que l'émetteur (1) et/ou le récepteur (2) sont protégés des tensions parasites venant de l'extérieur par un arrangement du type cage de Faraday.
  17. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 9 à 16, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu un arrangement de circuit côté récepteur (2), qui mesure lors de la mise en marche du système la longueur du circuit à deux fils (4) et adapte la fréquence de la tension alternative délivrée par le récepteur (12) au circuit à deux fils (4).
EP95118878A 1994-12-09 1995-11-30 Méthode pour la transmission en série de valeurs de mesure numérique Expired - Lifetime EP0716404B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4443959A DE4443959A1 (de) 1994-12-09 1994-12-09 Verfahren zur seriellen Übertragung von digitalen Meßwerten
DE4443959 1994-12-09

Publications (2)

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EP0716404A1 EP0716404A1 (fr) 1996-06-12
EP0716404B1 true EP0716404B1 (fr) 1999-09-08

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EP95118878A Expired - Lifetime EP0716404B1 (fr) 1994-12-09 1995-11-30 Méthode pour la transmission en série de valeurs de mesure numérique

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US (1) US5691714A (fr)
EP (1) EP0716404B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH08320988A (fr)
AT (1) ATE184412T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2164659C (fr)
DE (2) DE4443959A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2138133T3 (fr)

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DE10059815A1 (de) * 2000-12-01 2002-06-13 Grieshaber Vega Kg Elektronische Messvorrichtung zur Erfassung einer Prozessvariablen, insbesondere Radar- oder Ultraschall-Füllstandsmessvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer solchen Messvorrichtung
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DE10147490A1 (de) * 2001-09-26 2003-04-17 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Überwachen einer Automatisierungsanlage
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DE10212131A1 (de) * 2002-03-19 2003-10-02 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Überwachen einer Automatisierungsanlage
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DE10317803B4 (de) * 2003-04-16 2015-01-15 Anton Rodi Messwertverarbeitung von Winkel- und Wegmesssystemen
US7016741B2 (en) * 2003-10-14 2006-03-21 Rosemount Inc. Process control loop signal converter
DE102004034133A1 (de) * 2004-07-15 2006-02-02 Hella Kgaa Hueck & Co. Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Auflösung bei der Übertragung von Sensorsignalen zwischen einem Sender und zumindest einem Empfänger und Vorrichtung sowie Anordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2164659A1 (fr) 1996-06-10
JPH08320988A (ja) 1996-12-03
CA2164659C (fr) 2004-06-22
US5691714A (en) 1997-11-25
DE59506782D1 (de) 1999-10-14
DE4443959A1 (de) 1996-06-20
EP0716404A1 (fr) 1996-06-12
ATE184412T1 (de) 1999-09-15
ES2138133T3 (es) 2000-01-01

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