EP0717876B1 - Limiteur pour limitation du courant - Google Patents

Limiteur pour limitation du courant Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0717876B1
EP0717876B1 EP94924694A EP94924694A EP0717876B1 EP 0717876 B1 EP0717876 B1 EP 0717876B1 EP 94924694 A EP94924694 A EP 94924694A EP 94924694 A EP94924694 A EP 94924694A EP 0717876 B1 EP0717876 B1 EP 0717876B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
resistance
limiter according
limiter
profile
resistance body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94924694A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0717876A1 (fr
Inventor
Fritz Pohl
Wilfried Jaehner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0717876A1 publication Critical patent/EP0717876A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0717876B1 publication Critical patent/EP0717876B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C1/00—Details
    • H01C1/14—Terminals or tapping points specially adapted for resistors; Arrangements of terminals or tapping points on resistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C1/00—Details
    • H01C1/14—Terminals or tapping points specially adapted for resistors; Arrangements of terminals or tapping points on resistors
    • H01C1/1406—Terminals or electrodes formed on resistive elements having positive temperature coefficient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/13—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material current-responsive

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a limiter for current limitation, the one with overload from a low resistance value changes to a high resistance value with a thermoplastic resistance body and metallic Surface electrodes for making contact.
  • Low voltage circuit breakers are often used with so-called Limiters connected in series to the short-circuit switching capacity to increase significantly in low-voltage networks and greatly limit the forward currents.
  • Such Limiters are designed to be quick in the event of a short circuit change from a low-resistance to a high-resistance state and with their tension needs to a quick Current limitation and shutdown contribute.
  • Electromechanically simple structures are often used as limiters Switchgear used, whose contacts through Electricity forces open dynamically and usually via none Switch lock and no release system. Your arch tension plateau lies in the range of the mains voltage amplitude. Together with the arc tension of the series connected Circuit breaker becomes the short circuit current to brought rapid decay and shortened the switch-off time.
  • Arc limiters of this type have problems with contact welding, which only with special contact materials and / or with a special contact mechanism technically can be solved.
  • Such varistors are intended specifically for Small power applications with low currents and low voltages, with a non-linearity the electrical conductivity of the metal oxide is exploited.
  • the non-linearity of the varistor material is based on its semiconductor properties and differentiates fundamentally different from the course of the electrical properties of the PTC material of suitable for high currents Limiters that consist of a mixture of a non-conductive Carrier material, for example polyethylene, and one electrically conductive material, such as carbon black, consists.
  • the limiter resistance can mainly be determined by the Volume resistance of the PTC material can be determined.
  • the known limiters the surface resistance at the interfaces between the polymer resistance body and the electrodes essential to the current limiting effect in the event of a short circuit at.
  • this boundary layer limiter is required for the decay of the high electrical Resistance to the low initial value a reset time typically around 20 ms. In practice this becomes Relief of the PTC element a parallel resistor connected, which is in the high-resistance state of the PTC thermistor material the major part of the short-circuit current wearing.
  • a considerable voltage drop across the parallel resistor This can be 100 V or more and during exist for a period of 3 ms and longer.
  • the central limit is such a long one Switching voltage intolerable, otherwise in itself undisturbed branches of the network correspondingly long-lasting Voltage dips would be caused.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to create a limiter, which can also be used as a central limiter.
  • a limiter which can also be used as a central limiter.
  • the central limiter it must be demanded that voltage dips caused by its switching voltage limited to a fraction of a half-wave duration remain, for example for a period of time t ⁇ 1 ms.
  • thermoplastic resistance bodies for example in Fcrm a rectangular plate, pressed between profiled electrodes and at least on the contact surfaces heated to its softening temperature. That flows Resistance material in the profile recesses of the metal electrodes and there is a complementary surface profile of the resistance body. Stick after this process the electrodes firmly on the resistance body from which they only with mechanical damage to the profile layer can be separated again.
  • the adhesive force on the profiled surfaces between the electrodes and the resistance body is not sufficient to achieve a low limiter resistance.
  • the surface electrodes are typically pressed against the resistance body with a compressive force between 50 and 100 N / cm 2 .
  • FIG. 1 to 3 1 means a thermoplastic Resistor body with surfaces 2 and 3, between two similar surface electrodes 10 pressed together becomes. For this purpose, a pressure force K is applied.
  • a pressure force K is applied.
  • both surface electrodes 10 have a profile 15, for example with a rectangular structure has a web width b and a web height h.
  • the Web width b can be between 0.1 and 1 mm and the web height are also between 0.1 and 1 mm.
  • the resistance body has a complementary profile 5 1 on both surfaces 2 and 3. About the profiles 5 and 15 are the resistance body 1 and the surface electrodes inextricably linked.
  • the rectangular profile also an angle of inclination against the surface of the surface electrode Have 10.
  • the surface profile 15 can advantageously a different section Have direction. Also a conical shape the surface profile 15 is possible.
  • the limiter described in this way is a known Circuit breaker upstream.
  • the limiter is off the resistance body 1 and the surface electrodes 10 Resistor element connected in parallel.
  • the resistance element is, for example, an ohmic resistance of 100 m ⁇ . It can also be a nonlinear voltage dependent Be resistance, its resistance with the applied Tension drops. In both cases, the current can be the appropriate one Commute time.
  • the resistance curve at this point in time rises steeply and remains at resistance values which are substantially greater than 100 m ⁇ for about 300 ⁇ s.
  • the limiter resistance returns to a low-resistance value of about 15 m ⁇ and finally drops to its initial value.
  • FIG. 4a shows the time profile of the Limiter resistor according to the prior art as Graph 41 shown.
  • the limiter After its voltage pulse has subsided, the limiter carries the reduced short-circuit current, which is caused by the partial electrical-mechanical contact of the surface electrodes on the resistance body.
  • the sufficiently high arc voltage of the circuit breaker at this point prevents the current from rising again and the short circuit is switched off after a total duration of 3 ms.
  • the profile layer 5 further heated and partially decomposed material, which builds up a significant gas pressure.
  • the thermoplastic profile webs are formed according to FIG. 6d between the partial profile surfaces running parallel to the compressive force 12 of the electrodes 10 and the resistance body 1 contact surfaces, their effective contact force with the temperature of the resistance material and its thermal expansion increases and therefore at the end of Limiter voltage pulse to the observed low limiter resistance of about 15 m ⁇ . This process will supported by the fact that the parallel resistance of the Limiters temporarily takes over the total current and thereby the material decomposition on the resistance body 1 ended.
  • thermoplastic resistance body 1 During the cooling time of the thermoplastic resistance body 1 of up to a few 100 ms is formed Surface profile under the action of force by the Pressed K profiled metal electrodes 10 and the limiter resistance returns to its initial value back.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Limiteur pour la limitation du courant, qui, en cas de surcharge, passe d'une petite valeur de résistance à une grande valeur de résistance, qui comporte un élément de résistance électrique thermoplastique et des électrodes de surface métallique pour réaliser le contact, caractérisé par la combinaison des caractéristiques suivantes :
    les électrodes (10) de surfaces métalliques ont de leur côté (11) tourné vers l'élément (1) de résistance thermoplastique un profil (15) de surface, dans lequel des surfaces partielles profilées s'étendent en partie parallèlement au plan de l'électrode (10) de surface,
    l'élément (1) de résistance thermoplastique a sur ses côtés (2, 3) tournés vers les électrodes (10) de surface métallique un profil (5) de surface complémentaire,
    les électrodes (10) de surface et l'élément (1) de résistance sont reliés les unes à l'autre mécaniquement de manière inamovible,
    les électrodes (10) de surface et l'élément (1) de résistance sont comprimées par une force (K) de pression, qui a des actions différentes en fonction de l'orientation des surfaces partielles profilées,
       ce qui fait que
    en cas de surcharge, il se forme une décharge de gaz entre les surfaces partielles profilées, qui réalisent le contact des électrodes (10) de surface et l'élément (1) de résistance, notamment sur les surfaces partielles profilées s'étendant parallèlement au plan de l'électrode (10) de surface, et que
    lorsque la surcharge disparaít, le contact s'étend provisoirement exclusivement sur les surfaces partielles profilées qui ne s'étendent pas parallèlement au plan de l'électrode de surface.
  2. Limiteur suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le profil (15) de surface de l'élément (1) de résistance est obtenu par action thermique des électrodes (10) de surface métallique.
  3. Limiteur suivant la revendication 1 ou suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le profil (5, 15) de surface a une structure rectangulaire.
  4. Limiteur suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la largeur (b) de nervure et la hauteur (h) de nervure du profil (5, 15) de surface sont comprises entre 0, 1 mm et 1 mm, de préférence proche de valeurs comprises entre 0,3 et 0,6 mm.
  5. Limiteur suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le profil (15) de surface fait un angle d'inclinaison par rapport à la surface (11).
  6. Limiteur suivant la revendication 1 ou suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le profil (5, 15) de surface a une forme conique.
  7. Limiteur suivant la revendication 1 ou suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'élément (1) de résistance est en un matériau thermoplastique ayant un composant de matériau conducteur.
  8. Limiteur suivant la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le matériau thermoplastique est du polyéthylène et le composant de matériau conducteur du graphique.
  9. Limiteur suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que les électrodes (10) de surface sont en un matériau non conducteur de l'électricité et non conducteur thermique.
  10. Limiteur suivant la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que les électrodes (10) de surface sont en cuivre à surface argentée.
  11. Limiteur suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu un élément de résistance qui est monté en parallèle de l'élément (1) de résistance thermoplastique et des électrodes (10) de surface.
  12. Limiteur suivant la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de résistance est une résistance ohmique.
  13. Limiteur suivant la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de résistance est une résistance non linéaire, qui dépend de la tension et dont la résistance diminue avec la tension appliquée.
EP94924694A 1993-09-09 1994-08-26 Limiteur pour limitation du courant Expired - Lifetime EP0717876B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4330607A DE4330607A1 (de) 1993-09-09 1993-09-09 Limiter zur Strombegrenzung
DE4330607 1993-09-09
PCT/DE1994/000986 WO1995007540A1 (fr) 1993-09-09 1994-08-26 Limiteur pour limitation du courant

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0717876A1 EP0717876A1 (fr) 1996-06-26
EP0717876B1 true EP0717876B1 (fr) 1998-03-25

Family

ID=6497296

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94924694A Expired - Lifetime EP0717876B1 (fr) 1993-09-09 1994-08-26 Limiteur pour limitation du courant

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5793278A (fr)
EP (1) EP0717876B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4330607A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1995007540A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10118746B4 (de) * 2001-04-17 2004-06-24 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Schaltgerätes mit einem zuschaltbaren Strombegrenzer und zugehörige Anordnung

Families Citing this family (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5614881A (en) * 1995-08-11 1997-03-25 General Electric Company Current limiting device
EP0852385A1 (fr) * 1997-01-02 1998-07-08 General Electric Company Dispositif de limitation du courant
DE19803919A1 (de) * 1997-02-10 1998-08-13 Gen Electric Stromunterdrückungs- Schaltereinheit für Induktionsmotorschutz
US5929744A (en) * 1997-02-18 1999-07-27 General Electric Company Current limiting device with at least one flexible electrode
US6535103B1 (en) 1997-03-04 2003-03-18 General Electric Company Current limiting arrangement and method
US5977861A (en) * 1997-03-05 1999-11-02 General Electric Company Current limiting device with grooved electrode structure
US6191681B1 (en) 1997-07-21 2001-02-20 General Electric Company Current limiting device with electrically conductive composite and method of manufacturing the electrically conductive composite
US5867356A (en) * 1997-11-05 1999-02-02 General Electric Company Current limiting system and method
US6373372B1 (en) 1997-11-24 2002-04-16 General Electric Company Current limiting device with conductive composite material and method of manufacturing the conductive composite material and the current limiting device
US6128168A (en) 1998-01-14 2000-10-03 General Electric Company Circuit breaker with improved arc interruption function
US6133820A (en) * 1998-08-12 2000-10-17 General Electric Company Current limiting device having a web structure
US6144540A (en) 1999-03-09 2000-11-07 General Electric Company Current suppressing circuit breaker unit for inductive motor protection
US6157286A (en) 1999-04-05 2000-12-05 General Electric Company High voltage current limiting device
US6323751B1 (en) 1999-11-19 2001-11-27 General Electric Company Current limiter device with an electrically conductive composite material and method of manufacturing
US7362207B2 (en) * 2005-05-24 2008-04-22 Eaton Corporation Electrical switching apparatus and limiter including trip indicator member
US7558040B2 (en) * 2007-04-26 2009-07-07 Eaton Corporation Trip indicator member, and limiter and electrical switching apparatus including a plurality of trip indicator members
ES2853932T3 (es) * 2014-02-26 2021-09-20 Siemens Energy Global Gmbh & Co Kg Componente eléctrico

Family Cites Families (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2785316A (en) * 1943-10-07 1957-03-12 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electro-optical system
DE845076C (de) * 1950-10-05 1952-07-28 Karl H Dr-Ing Reiss Kontaktanordnung, insbesondere fuer elektrische Musikinstrumente
US3243753A (en) * 1962-11-13 1966-03-29 Kohler Fred Resistance element
US3249810A (en) * 1962-11-20 1966-05-03 Westinghouse Electric Corp Circuit interrupting apparatus
DE1665880C3 (de) * 1967-02-23 1975-12-18 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Keramischer elektrischer Widerstand mit positivem Temperaturkoeffizienten des Widerstandswertes und sperrschichtfreien Kontaktbelegungen sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
US3835434A (en) * 1973-06-04 1974-09-10 Sprague Electric Co Ptc resistor package
US3914727A (en) * 1974-01-02 1975-10-21 Sprague Electric Co Positive-temperature-coefficient-resistor package
CH581377A5 (fr) * 1975-02-11 1976-10-29 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie
US4426339B1 (en) * 1976-12-13 1993-12-21 Raychem Corp. Method of making electrical devices comprising conductive polymer compositions
US4377541A (en) * 1978-08-21 1983-03-22 General Electric Company Process for preparing low voltage varistors
US4314230A (en) * 1980-07-31 1982-02-02 Raychem Corporation Devices comprising conductive polymers
GB2090710B (en) * 1980-12-26 1984-10-03 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd Thermistor heating device
JPS6048201U (ja) * 1983-09-09 1985-04-04 ティーディーケイ株式会社 正特性サ−ミスタ装置
US4689475A (en) * 1985-10-15 1987-08-25 Raychem Corporation Electrical devices containing conductive polymers
KR910003403B1 (ko) * 1986-08-12 1991-05-30 미쯔보시 벨트 가부시끼가이샤 열적 고무 조성물
JPS6387703A (ja) * 1986-09-30 1988-04-19 日本メクトロン株式会社 Ｐｔｃ素子
JPS63312601A (ja) * 1987-06-15 1988-12-21 Tdk Corp 導電性重合体ｐｔｃ抵抗素子及びその製造方法
JPH01143203A (ja) * 1987-11-27 1989-06-05 Murata Mfg Co Ltd 有機正特性サーミスタ
JPH01257304A (ja) * 1988-04-06 1989-10-13 Murata Mfg Co Ltd 有機正特性サーミスタ
SE465524B (sv) * 1990-02-08 1991-09-23 Asea Brown Boveri Anordning foer oeverlast- och kortslutningsskydd i elektriska anlaeggningar
US5382938A (en) * 1990-10-30 1995-01-17 Asea Brown Boveri Ab PTC element
DE4228297A1 (de) * 1992-08-26 1994-03-03 Siemens Ag Veränderbarer Hochstromwiderstand, insbes. zur Anwendung als Schutzelement in der Leistungsschalttechnik, und Schaltung unter Verwendung des Hochstromwiderstandes
US5379022A (en) * 1993-05-03 1995-01-03 Fluke Corporation Thermistor device with extended operating range

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10118746B4 (de) * 2001-04-17 2004-06-24 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Schaltgerätes mit einem zuschaltbaren Strombegrenzer und zugehörige Anordnung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5793278A (en) 1998-08-11
DE59405539D1 (de) 1998-04-30
DE4330607A1 (de) 1995-03-16
EP0717876A1 (fr) 1996-06-26
WO1995007540A1 (fr) 1995-03-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0717876B1 (fr) Limiteur pour limitation du courant
DE69103135T2 (de) Vorrichtung zum motor- und kurzschlussschutz.
EP0640995B1 (fr) Résistance électrique et application de cette résistance dans un limiteur de courant
DE69122216T2 (de) Komponente mit positiven Temperaturkoeffizienten
EP0657062B1 (fr) Resistance modifiable pour courant fort et son utilisation comme element de protection
DE69827108T2 (de) Stromkreisunterbrecher mit pic (kaltleiter) elementen
DE68916152T3 (de) Überstromschutzeinrichtung für elektrische Netzwerke und Apparate.
DE202006020737U1 (de) Passive oder aktive Kurzschließeinrichtung für den Einsatz in Nieder- und Mittelspannungsanlagen zum Sach- und Personenschutz
EP3046118A1 (fr) Parafoudre à dispositif de protection intégré
DE2506021A1 (de) Ueberspannungs-schutzschaltung fuer hochleistungsthyristoren
EP3550582B1 (fr) Disjoncteur de protection basse tension
DE7507461U (de) Kaltleiter-bauelement
EP1384240B1 (fr) Procede pour faire fonctionner un commutateur presentant un limiteur de courant qui peut etre raccorde et dispositif associe
EP2697881B2 (fr) Dispositif de coupure à deux étages
DE69202002T2 (de) Lasttrenngerät für elektrische Schaltung.
EP2218154A1 (fr) Dispositif de coupure rapide
DE4425330A1 (de) Schalter zur Strombegrenzung
DE69509774T2 (de) Überstromschutzvorrichtung für elektrische schaltungen
DE2729913B2 (de) Entmagnetisierungsschaltungsanordnung in einem Farbfernsehempfänger und Farbfernsehempfänger mit einer solchen Anordnung
DE69211552T2 (de) Schutzschaltungseinrichtung
WO2013072467A9 (fr) Procédé et ensemble de circuits permettant de séparer une connexion électrique entre deux points de connexion
DE19702094A1 (de) Leistungsschaltvorrichtung
DE69604533T2 (de) Unterbrechungsvorrichtung für Hochspannungsgleichstrom
DE2933399C3 (de) Leistungsunterbrecher
EP2151026B1 (fr) Dispositif de mise en court-circuit pour coupe-circuits de surtension

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19960219

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): CH DE FR IT LI SE

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19970306

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): CH DE FR IT LI SE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: NV

Representative=s name: SIEMENS SCHWEIZ AG

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 59405539

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19980430

ET Fr: translation filed
ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 20030807

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20031105

Year of fee payment: 10

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20040827

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20040831

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20040831

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20050826

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20061023

Year of fee payment: 13

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20070828

Year of fee payment: 14

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20080301

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

Effective date: 20090430

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20080901