EP0718059B1 - Décrotteur d'oxyde - Google Patents

Décrotteur d'oxyde Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0718059B1
EP0718059B1 EP95810778A EP95810778A EP0718059B1 EP 0718059 B1 EP0718059 B1 EP 0718059B1 EP 95810778 A EP95810778 A EP 95810778A EP 95810778 A EP95810778 A EP 95810778A EP 0718059 B1 EP0718059 B1 EP 0718059B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oxide
opening
stripper
thixotropic
casting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP95810778A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0718059A1 (fr
Inventor
Erich Röllin
Hansjörg Huber
Jean-Pierre Gabathuler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
3A Composites International AG
Original Assignee
Alusuisse Lonza Services Ltd
Alusuisse Technology and Management Ltd
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Publication of EP0718059A1 publication Critical patent/EP0718059A1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/08—Cold chamber machines, i.e. with unheated press chamber into which molten metal is ladled
    • B22D17/10—Cold chamber machines, i.e. with unheated press chamber into which molten metal is ladled with horizontal press motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/007—Semi-solid pressure die casting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S164/00—Metal founding
    • Y10S164/90—Rheo-casting

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing molded parts from thixotropic Metal bolts in horizontal die casting machines, the inclusions of the thixotropic Oxide skin surrounding metal bolts in the alloy structure of the molding can be avoided.
  • the invention further relates to one specifically for carrying out the method according to the invention designed die casting machine.
  • Metal bolts are called thixoforms. All bolts come as metal bolts from a metal that can be converted into a thixotropic state. In particular can the metal bolts made of aluminum, magnesium or zinc and the alloys of these metals consist.
  • thixotropic metal alloys The thixoforming of thixotropic metal alloys is known per se. With this procedure the thixotropic properties of partially liquid or partially solid metal alloys are used.
  • partially solid / partially liquid, i.e. thixotropic, state of Metal alloy also in this context is the equivalent expression of the semi-solid Condition used.
  • the thixotropic behavior of a metal alloy means that a suitably prepared metal behaves unloaded like a solid, under However, shear stress reduces its viscosity to such an extent that it is similar to a Metal smelt behaves. This involves heating the alloy into the solidification interval between liquidus and solidus temperature required. The temperature should be set that, for example, a structure fraction of 20 to 80% by weight is melted, the However, the rest remains in solid form.
  • thixoforming With thixoforming, partially solid / partially liquid metal is used in a modified die casting machine processed into molded parts.
  • the die casting machines used for thixoforming differ from die casting machines for die casting metal melts by, for example, a longer casting chamber for receiving the thixotropic metal pin and a larger piston stroke required thereby, and for example a mechanically reinforced design of the thixotropic metal alloy leading parts of the die casting machine due to the higher pressure load on these parts during thixoforming.
  • Thixoforming is usually done with a horizontal die casting machine. At these machines have the casting chamber that receives the thixotropic metal bolt, horizontal and is at right angles to the parting plane of the mold, i.e. to the front surface of the Mold with the pouring opening, arranged.
  • thixoforming becomes a thixotropic Metal bolts placed in such a horizontal casting chamber of a die casting machine and by pressurizing with a casting piston at high speed and under high pressure in a steel, in particular hot work steel, existing Mold introduced, i.e. introduced into the mold cavity of the mold or shot, the thixotropic metal alloy solidifies in this.
  • the microstructure is characterized by the phases, such as mixed crystal and eutectic phases, the Cast grain, such as globulites and dendrites, segregations as well as structural defects such as porosity (Gas pores, micro voids) and impurities such as oxides.
  • the metal bolts used for the thixoforming of partially solid alloys have a process-related nature fine grain on the - if during the pretreatment of the thixotropic Metal bolts, i.e. during the heating of the metal bolts and their transport into the Die casting machine, no coarsening occurs - again in the alloy structure of the Find molded parts.
  • a fine grain generally improves the material properties, increases the homogeneity of the alloy structure and helps to avoid structural defects in the molded part.
  • the thixoforming of partially solid alloys shows in comparison to the die casting of Metal melting also has other significant advantages.
  • Another advantage is also the better dimensional accuracy due to lower shrinkage and the manufacturing to consider shaped parts close to the final dimensions, which reduces the machining steps and alloy material is saved.
  • the processing temperature is around 100 ° C lower the change in temperature of the individual components of the Die casting machine smaller, which increases the tool life.
  • lower processing temperature for thixoforming also allows the processing of alloys with a low iron content, since no alloying the tools happen by melting.
  • thixoforming allows one better mold filling with fewer air pockets.
  • Cover bodies made of, for example, aluminum, magnesium or zinc, or their alloys in contact with their surrounding atmosphere with a natural oxide skin, whose thickness is usually well below a micrometer.
  • a metal bolt for converting the same into a thixotropic state for example is this usually already existing oxide layer on the circumference of the metal bolt, the so-called oxide skin, reinforced.
  • the thickness of those formed during the heating process Oxide skin depends on the heating time required, the atmosphere surrounding the stud, and the alloy composition of the bolt in question.
  • the thickness of the during The oxide skin formed in the heating process is typically 0.1 to for aluminum bolts 10 ⁇ m.
  • impurities such as alkali and alkaline earth metals, deposit.
  • the oxides formed during the heating process are usually found, i.e. Parts or particles of the oxide skin formed during the heating up again.
  • the in the Thixotropic metal alloy existing oxidic particles form in the molded part, for example oxidic inclusions or lead to the formation of pores in the alloy structure.
  • oxides and other non-metallic inclusions in the oxide skin in the molded part Create structural separation points. Consequently, the surface of the Thixotropic metal stud existing oxide skin, the alloy quality of the molded part and hence its mechanical properties. Especially for workpieces subject to high mechanical loads oxide inclusions are therefore undesirable or even prevent their use as mechanically strong components.
  • a major problem in thixoforming of thixotropic metal alloys therefore resides in the Oxide formation during pretreatment, such as the heating process or Transport, the metal bolt through the atmosphere surrounding it.
  • the thickness of the formed Oxide skin can be removed by special measures during the pretreatment of the metal bolts, such as by using an inert gas atmosphere surrounding the metal bolt reduced, but not entirely avoided. They are also for reduction the thickness of the oxide skin to be taken, in particular when manufacturing in industrial scale, complex and expensive.
  • the inventor has a task made the structural defects occurring due to oxide inclusions in the molded part inexpensively minimize and thus provide a method for thixoforming which inclusions of components of the oxide skin in the molded parts avoided.
  • this is achieved in that the one surrounding the thixotropic metal bolt Oxide skin before the thixotropic metal alloy is inserted into the mold cavity Mold completely stripped from the thixotropic metal bolt and in one container is collected, the co-stripping of oxide-free, homogeneously thixotropic metal alloy, by taking into account the asymmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis of the metal bolt thermal and mechanical properties of the thixotropic metal bolt is minimized.
  • the molded parts produced using the method according to the invention have no or only a small and subcritical for the intended use of the molded parts Amount of oxide inclusions.
  • the Metal studs are cylindrical and usually have a round or oval cross section on, but can also be polygonal cross-section.
  • the diameter of the metal bolt is for example 50 to 180 mm, suitably 75 to 150 mm and preferred 100 to 150 mm.
  • the length of the metal bolts is, for example, 80 to 500 mm.
  • Suitable metal alloys for the process according to the invention are all commercially available metal alloys which can be converted into a thixotropic state.
  • the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for processing alloys made of aluminum, magnesium or zinc. In particular, cast aluminum and wrought aluminum alloys are preferred.
  • the method according to the invention is advantageously also suitable for processing particle-reinforced aluminum alloys which contain, for example, homogeneously distributed SiC or Al 2 O 3 particles.
  • the method according to the invention is very particularly suitable for aluminum alloys which have a pronounced solidification interval, such as AlSi7Mg.
  • the alloy of the metal bolts required for the method according to the invention contains, for example homogeneously distributed, primarily solidified solid particles that degenerate from individual ones Dentrites exist.
  • the proportion of solidified primarily solidified expediently 40% by weight or more.
  • the alpha mixed crystal is in a globulistic form in order to to achieve an even flow of melt and solid.
  • the degenerate dentrites generally generally have a globulistic shape, which ensures a uniform, homogeneous flow of melt and solid without segregation can be reached.
  • the metal bolt required for the method according to the invention is previously used for thixoforming to a temperature above the solidus temperature and below the liquidus temperature, i.e. heated to a partially solid, thixotropic state.
  • the metal bolts are usually heated in a separate oven.
  • the heating the furnace can be fueled, such as gas or oil, or electric Energy, such as resistance heating or inductive energy input, happen.
  • the heating of the metal bolt is carried out in an induction furnace preferred.
  • the heating of the metal bolts is of great importance because the bolt condition, i.e. its partial strength, usually only in a small temperature range. Long heating times, for example the formation of a thick oxide skin or possible grain coarsening because of, must be avoided and to achieve a homogeneous end product the temperature distribution in the thixotropic metal bolt, the so-called Thixo blank, should be as homogeneous as possible. That is why the transfer of the Metal bolt into the thixotropic state, i.e. heating the bolt to the desired one Alloy portion is melted, preferably by a controlled with sensors Oven temperature.
  • the metal bolts can be placed directly in an oven or the Metal bolts can preferably be placed in a container, for example in a metallic container made of stainless steel, or a crucible made of clay graphite or clay SiC. During the heating process, the metal bolts can change in relation to their longitudinal axis vertical or horizontal position.
  • a metal bolt in a horizontal position it is located, for example, in a container.
  • the metal bolt converted to the thixotropic state can then be in the same Containers by means of, for example, a gripper in the casting chamber of the horizontal die casting machine transferred and further processing to produce a shaped body be fed.
  • the metal bolt remains during the heating process and transport to the casting chamber in the same container.
  • the metal bolt is directly converted to its thixotropic state, i.e. without a metal receptacle is placed in this container and placed in the oven preferably in a position vertical with respect to its longitudinal axis.
  • the thixotropic alloy In the semi-solid state, the thixotropic alloy, the so-called thixotropic alloy pulp, contains the reverse developed dentritic, primary solid particles in a surrounding Liquid metal matrix.
  • the percentage of primary solid dentritic particles will expediently chosen such that the thixotropic metal bolt during the heating process, the transport into the casting chamber and in the casting chamber itself no noticeable Undergoes deformation and no noticeable loss of material due to dripping, for example of melt takes place.
  • the thixotropic alloy slurry preferably contains a proportion primary solid particles from 40 to 80 wt .-%.
  • the thixo blank is then by means of the feed rate of a casting piston caused pressurization through the through opening of a preferably annular Body, the so-called oxide wiper, in which the oxide skin of the Stripped Thixo blanks according to the invention and collected in a container.
  • the Thixotropic metal alloy prepared in this way is then passed through the pouring opening of the casting mold introduced into the mold cavity.
  • the mold itself usually consists of one fixed and a movable mold half, each mold half corresponding to a mold recess has and the mold recesses of the two mold halves together form the mold cavity of the mold.
  • the mold cavity can during the the inventive method are under ambient pressure or it can be evacuated.
  • the Metal bolts positioned horizontally.
  • the diameter of the metal bolt depends on the process usually smaller than the diameter of the casting chamber cavity. Since the Casting chamber cavity usually has a round or oval cross section the thixotropic metal bolt located horizontally in the casting chamber cavity compared with only a small area of its surface, i.e. the thixotropic metal bolt has, for example on its underside, only a small mechanical and thermal contact with the Casting chamber wall.
  • the casting chamber is at a lower temperature than the thixotropic metal bolt is more due to direct thermal contact on the underside of the metal bolt Heat is dissipated from the thixotropic metal bolt to the casting chamber than the rest Scope of the metal bolt, which has no direct mechanical and thermal contact to the Has casting chamber wall and in which the heat transfer to the casting chamber wall only by convection or heat radiation.
  • its mechanical properties i.e. in particular its partial strength or the viscosity, with respect to the bolt cross-section become inhomogeneous. If the temperature of the metal bolt is initially in the temperature range, which allows the thixotropic state, there is also the risk that the contact surfaces of the metal bolt below the temperature required for the thixotropic state falls and this part of the metal bolt is difficult to process.
  • the metal bolt cools down faster and faster due to the process than the rest of the metal bolt, is the semi-solid content or the viscosity in the bearing surface
  • the close area of the thixotropic metal bolt is usually smaller than in the remaining outer surfaces near area. At least the viscosity of the metal alloy is in the contact surface close range of the thixotropic metal bolt higher than in the rest of the thixotropic metal bolt.
  • the semi-solid content inside the thixo blank shows no noticeable variation on. This semi-solid component corresponds essentially to that of the outer surface Area of the thixo blank, the surface of which has no direct mechanical and thermal Has contact with the casting chamber.
  • stripping is understood to mean stripping the oxide skin in which none essential part of the thixotropic alloy that can be used for thixoforming becomes.
  • a large concentric outer area of the thixotropic Metal pin are stripped so that only the core area of the thixo blank in the Mold cavity of the mold is introduced.
  • the area of the thixotropic metal bolt in the casting chamber close to the bearing surface originating part of the metal alloy with that caused by the stronger cooling stripped less liquid portion during the stripping of the oxide skin.
  • the thixotropic metal alloy by means of one arranged between the casting chamber and the casting mold annular body, the so-called oxide wiper, performed, the oxide skin of the thixotropic metal bolt fluid mechanically through a recessed in the oxide wiper concentric, annular opening, the so-called oxide wiper opening, with one asymmetrical with respect to the concentric central axis of the oxide wiper opening Opening cross-section passed into a ring-shaped container, the so-called oxide collection ring becomes.
  • the ring-shaped body does not necessarily have to be a separate component of the die casting machine designate, i.e. the annular body can also be designed accordingly Part of the wall of the die casting machine surrounding the thixotropic metal alloy in the area between the casting chamber and the mold cavity of the mold.
  • the oxide wiper can, for example, be a toroidal structure made of a toroidal one Oxide collection ring, which is an annular ring directed against its concentric central axis Has oxide wiper opening.
  • the thickness of the oxide skin of the thixotropic metal bolt is essentially over its circumference is constant, is also the stripped amount of oxide over the entire circumference of the oxide scraper preferably the same so that the cross section of the oxide collection ring with respect its central axis is advantageously axially symmetrical.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the Oxide collector ring is immaterial for the method according to the invention and can be any one Shape, i.e. one enclosed by an essentially closed curve Surface with an opening directed against the concentric central axis of the oxide collecting ring, accept.
  • the concentric, annular oxide wiper opening one with respect to it concentric central axis has an asymmetrical opening cross section, the opening cross section especially in the lower part of the horizontal ring-shaped oxide scraper is larger than, for example, the upper part.
  • the higher viscosity of the metal alloy or oxide skin flowing past, which consists of the area of the thixotropic metal bolt in the casting chamber near the contact surface comes, taken into account.
  • the opening cross section which is asymmetrical with respect to the concentric central axis (m) is preferred depending on the asymmetrical with respect to this concentric central axis (m) Viscosity properties of the thixotropic metal alloy selected such that a radially uniformly thick layer of the oxide skin and the region close to the oxide skin thixotropic metal alloy is stripped.
  • this part of the stripped thixotropic metal alloy together with the oxide skin i.e. instead of stripping a radially uniformly thick layer of aluminum oxide and thixotropic metal alloy, becomes thicker in the lower part of the oxide wiper compared to the upper part Stripped off layer of thixotropic metal alloy. Because with this procedure in the lower Part of the oxide scraper is fed more material into the oxide collection ring, the corresponding part of the oxide collecting ring has a larger cross-section, whereby the Oxide collector ring loses its axial symmetry.
  • lower part or “upper part” of the oxide collecting ring means in the present case Text always the corresponding part with respect to a horizontal plane through the concentric Understand the center axis of the oxide wiper.
  • the pressurization of the casting piston to fill the mold cavity of the mold during the thixoforming process it is therefore preferred that turbulence in the thixotropic metal alloy and thus the formation of gas and oxide inclusions in Molding should be avoided if possible, i.e. the pressure on the casting piston happens preferably such that there is a laminar flow of the thixotropic metal alloy with the surrounding oxide skin.
  • the one on the thixo blank through the casting piston The pressure exerted is, for example, between 200 and 1500 bar, expediently between 500 to 1000 bar.
  • the resulting flow velocity of the thixotropic Alloy slurry is, for example, 0.2 to 3 m / s, expediently 0.3 to 2 m / s.
  • the molded parts produced according to the invention typically have a porosity of less than 1% by volume and an oxide content between, for example, 0 and 3% by weight, prefers 0 to 1% by weight.
  • the method according to the invention thus allows production of safety components through thixoforming, with the required high elongation properties for example through the interaction of low iron alloys ( ⁇ 0.15 % By weight of Fe), rapid solidification and the avoidance of oxide inclusions will.
  • the invention further relates to a horizontal die casting machine for the production of molded parts made of thixotropic metal bolts, with inclusions of the thixotropic metal bolts surrounding oxide skin in the alloy structure of the molding can be avoided, and the horizontal die casting machine a horizontal casting chamber with a cylindrical one Casting chamber cavity for receiving a thixotropic metal bolt, a shield with a shield opening and a mold with a sprue opening and a mold cavity contains.
  • the oxide scraper being an annular body with a horizontal, concentric central axis as well as an outside and Inner surface represents, and the cross section perpendicular to the concentric central axis through the inner surface of the oxide wiper defines the passage cross section of the oxide wiper, the oxide scraper contains an annular recess, the oxide collection ring, which is connected to the through the inner surface and the side of the oxide scraper on the casting chamber and the mold side defined through opening of the oxide wiper via a concentric, annular Oxide wiper opening is connected, the oxide wiper opening with respect to the concentric central axis of the oxide wiper an asymmetrical opening cross-section having.
  • the oxide scraper according to the invention acts as a peeling tool during the filling process of the mold cavity of the mold, the oxide skin present on the pin circumference scrapes in the thixotropic state of the metal bolt and this in the oxide collecting ring of the oxide scraper.
  • the oxide scraper is therefore conveniently located immediately before the shaping tool, i.e. the mold.
  • the pin receiver i.e. the casting chamber, in which the semi-rigid metal bolt is placed horizontally.
  • the casting chamber provides essentially a cylindrical one, delimited by the casting chamber wall Body with a cavity, the so-called casting chamber cavity, wherein the to Inserting the thixotropic metal pin provided area of the casting chamber, i.e. the the Side of the casting chamber facing away from the mold, for example half-shell-shaped is closed, while the side of the casting chamber facing the casting mold is cylindrical and the resulting cavity is, for example, round, oval or polygonal Has cross section.
  • the diameter of the casting chamber suitably corresponds to 102 to 120%, preferably 103 to 115% and particularly preferably 103 to 110% of the diameter of the metal bolt, so that the thixotropic metal bolt after insertion into the casting chamber in the essential only on its underside a mechanical and thermal contact with the Has casting chamber.
  • the mold consists, for example, of a fixed and a movable mold half, whereby each mold half has a mold recess and the mold recesses of the two mold halves together form the mold cavity of the mold.
  • the ones to introduce the thixotropic metal alloy into the mold cavity due to the casting opening expediently has a cross section which is optimized with respect to the mold filling on, which is usually different from the cross section of the casting chamber cavity, wherein the pouring opening expediently has a smaller cross section than the cross section the mold-side casting chamber opening.
  • the thixotropic metal alloy exercises the latter along the individual areas of the flow zones different forces on the surrounding walls, so that, for example axially on the walls of the various components of the horizontal die casting machine power transmission is different.
  • axial i.e. in the direction of flow of the thixotropic metal alloy in the direction of the mold acting forces, is usually between the casting chamber and the mold a sign with a sign opening.
  • the metal bolts Prior to thixoforming, the metal bolts are made in accordance with the through the mold cavity defined material requirements cut and in an oven, preferably one Induction furnace converted to the thixotropic state, the substantially cylindrical Metal bolts during the heating process, for example in a half-shell, cylindrical containers are stored horizontally. After that, the semi-solid Metal bolts using a manipulator or manually in the horizontal casting chamber transferred. To prevent the metal bolt from solidifying, the thixotropic Metal bolts relatively quickly, i.e. for example within one minute of the other at the longest Processing to be fed.
  • the casting chamber is usually made - from cost and Energy saving reasons not heated, i.e. the metal bolt cools, especially its contact surfaces on the wall of the casting chamber.
  • the cylindrical thixotropic metal bolt expediently has a smaller cross section than the cylindrical or semi-cylindrical casting chamber, this lies only on the small area of the casting chamber wall, which - due to the good thermal Contact of these contact surfaces, i.e. through direct heat conduction - an inhomogeneous Temperature distribution in the thixotropic metal bolt arises.
  • the metal bolt also has - due to its own weight the lower contact surfaces have better thermal contact, so that more Heat is released from the metal bolt downwards as upwards. This cools it down Metal studs with respect to its circumference on its lower contact surface in the casting chamber most strongly.
  • the casting chamber becomes the mostly naturally existing oxide skin, the higher bolt temperature in the partially solid state and therefore because of the more reactive bolt surface, essential reinforced.
  • the introduction of parts or particles of the oxide skin into the mold cavity Mold usually leads to strong structural defects in the molded part or to the formation of pores, whereby the alloy quality of the molded part can be severely impaired.
  • With the Die casting machine according to the invention can now on the circumference of the thixotropic metal bolt existing oxide skin by means of a between the casting chamber and the mold arranged oxide wipers are completely removed.
  • the Thixotropic metal alloy that can be used with the thixoforming process is what the Consideration of the asymmetrical with respect to the concentric longitudinal axis of the metal bolt thermal and mechanical properties of the thixotropic metal bolt.
  • the oxide scraper is an annular body, which has a inside concentric, annular, for example toroidal, recess, the so-called Has oxide collection ring.
  • the inner part or that which represents the through opening Part of the oxide scraper, i.e. through the inner surface and the two end faces of this Body limited interior space, has a concentric central axis perpendicular to the end faces -
  • the concentric central axis of the oxide scraper - which is expedient with the concentric longitudinal axis of the casting chamber cavity and in particular with the concentric central axis of the gate opening coincides.
  • the cross section of the through opening perpendicular to the concentric central axis of the oxide wiper, the so-called Passage cross section, preferably corresponds to the cross section of the mold-side casting chamber opening, i.e. the opening of the cylindrical casting chamber facing the casting mold.
  • the end face of the oxide scraper on the casting chamber is usually located directly on the mold-side casting chamber opening.
  • the form-side end face of the oxide scraper is located preferably located directly on the outer edge of the pouring opening leading into the interior of the mold, i.e. the form-side termination of the oxide wiper lies directly on the oxide wiper-side On the front of the mold or on the fixed mold half.
  • the oxide wiper opening provides an annular recess in the inner surface of the oxide wiper It is preferably formed by a recess on the form of the oxide wiper, i.e. it is located on the end face of the mold or on that of the casting chamber opposite side of the oxide scraper. This creates between the mold end the inner surface and the oxide wiper-side front of the mold a cylindrical shell Distance so that the through this opening between the interior, i.e. of the Through opening of the oxide scraper, and the oxide collection ring created space that so-called oxide wiper opening, is hollow cylindrical.
  • the through a longitudinal section cut through the concentric central axis of the oxide scraper from the hollow cylinder The area represents the opening cross section of the oxide wiper opening.
  • the through opening of the oxide scraper expand conically towards the end face of the oxide scraper.
  • the wall the conical extension closes with the horizontal part of the inner surface of the oxide wiper an acute angle of, for example, 2 to 30 °, preferably between 5 and 15 ° and in particular between 5 and 10 °, the angle information in the present text are always related to a full circle of 360 °.
  • the oxide scraper according to the invention, the casting chamber and the mold are made expediently made of thermally and mechanically highly resilient material, for example made of steel, in particular hot-work steel (DIN X 38 CrMoV51), made of ceramic materials or from a surface exposed to the thixotropic metal alloy a ceramic coated steel.
  • hot-work steel DIN X 38 CrMoV51
  • the oxide scraper made of hot-work steel.
  • the oxide stripper-side front of the mold has fluid-mechanical reasons preferably has a conically tapered gate opening, i.e. mostly through the fixed mold half of the casting mold, which has a casting opening on the oxide wiper side Opening a greatly increasing opening angle, i.e. only slightly from one Right angle deviating opening angle of, for example, 80 to 87 °.
  • a front recess can also be created in this area of the mold be the part of the oxide skin of the thixo blank facing the mold can record.
  • the length of the annular oxide scraper suitably the thickness of the sign, i.e. corresponds to the length of the shield opening. Since the thixotropic alloy is usually applied to all of them during the thixoforming process leading parts of the die casting machine high forces in the flow direction of the thixotropic Occur metal alloy and the oxide wiper, for example, on its mold-side face, due to the oxide wiper opening and the oxide collecting ring, a thinner one The oxide wiper has wall thickness than at its end surface on the casting chamber side expediently on other means to the forces acting on him towards the mold to catch up.
  • the oxide scraper molded stop rib happens that is such that it engages in a groove-shaped recess of the shield and thus parallel to the concentric Center axis of the oxide wiper absorbs forces acting in the direction of the mold.
  • the Groove-shaped recess and the molded stop rib are preferred radially symmetrical, i.e. their cross section perpendicular to the concentric central axis the oxide scraper is preferably annular.
  • the oxide collection ring does not necessarily have to be a separate component of the die casting machine be educated; i.e. the annular body can also be designed accordingly Part of the wall of the die casting machine surrounding the thixotropic metal alloy in the area between the casting chamber and the mold cavity of the mold or a corresponding Designate the molded end of the casting chamber on the mold side. Is preferred however, the formation of the oxide scraper as a separately manufactured and between the mold and the casting chamber insertable part.
  • the oxide scraper is designed as a separate part of the die casting machine, it becomes conveniently positioned between the casting chamber and the mold. With that, the caused by the pressurization of the thixo bolt in the casting chamber Transfer forces in the axial direction to the oxide wiper. To the oxide scraper mechanically not to burden excessively, are therefore preferred means for collecting this Forces are provided on the shield. This can be done, for example, by a molded or on the shield fixed casting chamber wall bracket and a casting chamber guide, for example Rib formed or fixed on the outer periphery of the casting chamber.
  • the casting chamber wall bracket and the casting chamber guide are preferred ring-shaped, i.e. their cross section perpendicular to the concentric central axis of the
  • the oxide scraper is preferably circular.
  • the training necessary for an optimal stripping of the oxide skin with respect to the Central axis of the oxide wiper asymmetrical opening cross-section and the necessary optimal shape and the required capacity of the oxide collecting ring depend on the thickness of the oxide skin surrounding the thixotropic metal bolt and the Size (length, diameter) of the metal bolt.
  • the thickness of the oxide skin depends largely from the alloy composition and the history of the metal bolt from.
  • the exact dimensions of the opening cross-section and the optimal shape and the capacity of the oxide collector ring must therefore be for those to be manufactured Moldings are calculated in advance or determined by preliminary tests.
  • the opening cross section may be constant or itself enlarge continuously or gradually towards the bottom.
  • the opening cross section in the bottom lying segment of the hollow cylindrical oxide wiper opening with a larger opening cross section can also be constant or continuous or step-like from above enlarge down.
  • the segment relates to the hollow cylindrical oxide wiper opening with a larger opening cross-section essentially the area of the oxide wiper opening, in which the part of the oxide skin originating from the area close to the contact surface and the thixotropic metal alloy flows through the segment of the hollow cylindrical Oxide wiper opening with larger opening cross-section included central angle is - based on a full circle with 360 ° - preferably between 30 and 70 ° and in particular between 50 and 65 °.
  • the oxide scraper points in a longitudinal section of the vertical through the concentric central axis Oxide scrapers with respect to a horizontal plane through the concentric central axis upper part of the oxide wiper opening a distance of 0.5 to 4 mm, in particular 1 to 3 mm, between the mold-side end of the inner surface of the oxide scraper and the mold-side End face of the oxide wiper, or the oxide wiper-side front of the mold, on.
  • the oxide scraper points in a longitudinal section of the vertical through the concentric central axis Oxide scrapers with respect to a horizontal plane through the concentric central axis lower part of the oxide wiper opening a distance of 1 to 10 mm, in particular 3 to 6 mm, between the mold-side end of the inner surface of the oxide scraper and the mold-side End face of the oxide wiper.
  • the asymmetrical opening cross section required according to the invention can also be made through a corresponding recess on the oxide wiper-side front of the mold, through a so-called recess.
  • the recess is preferably located with respect to the horizontal plane through the concentric central axis of the oxide wiper lower part of the oxide wiper opening and is arranged such that the opening cross section in this lower part of the oxide wiper opening, i.e. one segment the hollow cylindrical oxide wiper opening is enlarged.
  • the necessary for the uniform stripping of the oxide skin according to the invention with respect the concentric central axis of the oxide wiper asymmetrical opening cross-section can accordingly also by a with respect to the concentric central axis of the oxide wiper axially symmetrical oxide wiper opening with a recess according to the invention on the oxide scraper side of the mold can be reached.
  • a corresponding recess on the oxide wiper-side front of the mold can also additionally an oxide wiper opening with an already with respect to the concentric central axis of the Oxide scraper asymmetrical opening cross section and thus the opening cross section enlarge in this sub-area of the oxide wiper opening or for better Introduction of the oxide skin into the corresponding part of the oxide collection ring to serve.
  • the configuration of the recess on the oxide wiper-side front side of the casting mold can have any shape and, in particular, can have a cylindrical shape, cylindrical shape being used to describe a spatial shape caused by the displacement of an area delimited by any closed curve.
  • the term cylindrical shape also includes, in particular, cuboid, cylinder segment or hollow cylindrical segment configurations of the recess. Further preferred forms of the recess are barrel or truncated pyramid.
  • the spatial dimensions of the cutout are preferably selected such that the cutout enlarges the opening cross section of the oxide wiper opening in the area in which the oxide skin originating from the contact surface is scraped off.
  • Preferred configurations of the recess have a maximum height of 10 to 40 mm, in particular 10 to 20 mm, and a maximum width of 20 to 80 mm, in particular 20 to 50 mm, and in the direction through the concentric central axis of the oxide scraper the concentric central axis to a maximum depth of 2 to 20 mm and in particular from 2 to 8 mm.
  • the cutout more preferably has a volume of 0.4 to 64 cm 3 .
  • an oxide collecting ring is concerned with the concentric Central axis of the oxide wiper axially symmetrical cross section preferred.
  • the shape of the Oxide collection ring is immaterial.
  • the oxide collection ring can be, for example Toroidal recess in the ring-shaped oxide wiper with a ring-shaped oxide wiper opening represent, the toroidal recess, for example by rotation a surface enclosed by any closed curve with a counter the axis of rotation directed around the concentric central axis of the oxide wiper can arise.
  • the concentric central axis of the toroidal recess thus falls preferably together with the concentric central axis of the oxide wiper.
  • the cross section the oxide collecting ring can in particular be rectangular, circular or elliptical.
  • Oxide collection ring can also be divided into individual areas by partitions.
  • the capacity of the oxide collection ring i.e. the volume of the toroidal recess, is expediently chosen such that it is at least the one to be stripped Material volume of oxide skin and any thixotropic metal alloy to be stripped corresponds.
  • the capacity of the oxide collecting ring is preferably between 1 and 10 % By volume and in particular from 3 to 6% by volume of the thixotropic metal bolt, i.e. the in the Casting chamber imported thixo blank.
  • the thixotropic metal alloy e.g. the material to be stripped
  • a certain pressure for fluid mechanical reasons is necessary so that the material to be stripped due to, for example, its viscosity and cohesion should be able to flow through the oxide wiper opening to achieve a continuous, even stripping of the thixotropic alloy slurry - - at least in the area of the oxide wiper opening - prevailing pressure at a given oxide wiper opening remain constant.
  • the pressure in the thixotropic alloy pulp is often with the oxide skin surrounding it during the thixoform process, however, not, or at least not constant enough.
  • the oxide collection ring therefore consists of several annular cavities, the so-called oxide collection ring chambers, i.e. instead of just a single toroidal recess in the ring-shaped oxide wiper, there are several toroidal recesses, wherein the toroidal recesses with each other by an annular Oxide wiper opening are connected.
  • the capacity of each Oxide manifold chambers versus using a single toroidal recess be chosen accordingly smaller. All oxide collecting ring chambers are particularly preferred an oxide scraper form-side recesses of the corresponding Oxide scraper.
  • the oxide collecting ring chambers are very particularly preferred with regard to their shape and the oxide scraper openings relating to the individual oxide collecting ring chambers are designed in such a way that they are related to each, during the thixoforming process in the thixotropic Alloy resulting pressure, or according to the pressurization of the thixo blank, an optimal stripping of the oxide skin and the area close to the oxide skin Allow thixotropic metal alloy.
  • the oxide collecting ring particularly preferably has 1 to 5 and in particular 1 to 3 oxide collecting ring chambers and a corresponding number of oxide wiper openings. This corresponds to every oxide collection ring chamber and the optimal opening cross-section for filling this chamber the corresponding oxide wiper opening of a printing phase of the thixoforming process, each pressure phase is selected such that the filling resistance of the during the respective process phase of the molded part to be filled with the corresponding mold cavity cross section can be overcome.
  • Different printing phases are usually required for thixoforming.
  • a first mold filling with a relatively low pressure For complete Mold filling in the edge areas of the mold cavity must be followed by the pressure for example, be increased.
  • the phase with the highest pressure takes place prevention of micro voids or pores - during the solidification phase of the molded part, taking place in this last phase no longer flows into the metal forming the molded part and therefore also none Oxide skin must be stripped.
  • the solidification phase can if necessary, add thixotropic metal; is the amount of flowing metal Usually, however, so small that they no longer enter the mold cavity forming the molded part arrives and is therefore irrelevant for the molded part properties. Because the pressurization according to the filling resistance to be overcome during the thixoforming process is increased continuously or gradually, expediently show the inner, ring-shaped oxide wiper openings have a larger average opening cross section than that outer oxide wiper openings.
  • an oxide collecting ring with a larger capacity in this area.
  • the preferred embodiment of the oxide collecting ring thus has a horizontal one Plane through the concentric central axis of the oxide scraper, lower part of the oxide collecting ring, at least in a partial area thereof, a larger cross section than in the upper one Part, i.e. the oxide collection ring points with respect to the concentric central axis of the oxide scraper an asymmetry.
  • one shows through the concentric central axis of the Oxide scraper vertical longitudinal section in the with respect to a horizontal Plane through the concentric central axis lower half of the oxide scraper one to one triple and in particular a 1.1 to 1.8 times larger longitudinal sectional area of the oxide collecting ring than in the top half of the oxide wiper.
  • the horizontal die casting machine according to the invention is suitable in principle for thixoforming all metal alloys that can be converted into a thixotropic state and have an oxide skin or during pretreatment, such as during heating up, form an oxide skin.
  • the horizontal die casting machine according to the invention is preferred for thixoforming of aluminum, magnesium or zinc alloys used.
  • the horizontal die casting machine according to the invention is particularly preferably suitable for thixoforming of aluminum die casting alloys, especially for AlSi, AlSiMg, AlSiCu, AlMg, AlCuTi and AlCuZnMg alloys.
  • the horizontal die casting machine according to the invention thus allows optimal removal the oxide skin surrounding the thixo blank shortly before the mold filling and enables thus the production of molded parts without inclusions of parts of the oxide skin. Also allowed the horizontal die casting machine according to the invention minimizes material loss of thixotropic metal alloy usable for thixoforming.
  • Figure 1 shows a partial view of a vertical through the concentric central axis of a horizontal die casting machine running longitudinal section.
  • Figure 2 shows a view vertically through the concentric central axis of an inventive Oxide scraper running longitudinal section, the one shown in Figure 2a Oxide scraper one axially symmetrical to the concentric central axis of the oxide scraper Has oxide collection ring and the oxide scraper shown in Figure 2b with respect the concentric central axis shows asymmetrical oxide collection ring.
  • Figure 3 shows a vertical longitudinal section through the concentric central axis of one at the solid mold half of a mold abutting oxide wiper and one at right angles to concentric central axis lying cross section (section along A-A) through the oxide wiper side Front of the mold.
  • Figure 4 shows a vertical longitudinal section through the concentric central axis of one at the solid mold half of a mold attached to the oxide scraper, the oxide collecting ring three Has oxide collecting ring chambers and three associated oxide wiper openings.
  • Figure 5 shows a diagram of the thixotropic process during the thixoforming process Metal alloy setting pressure p as a function of time t.
  • Figure 1 shows an example of a partial view of a vertical through the concentric central axis a horizontal die-casting machine running longitudinal section, the oxide wiper side Part of the horizontal casting chamber 10, the oxide wipers 30, the shield 20 as well as the mold 70 can be seen.
  • the oxide scraper 30 lies within the shield opening 24, i.e. between the casting chamber 10 and the mold 70.
  • the casting chamber 10 has a casting chamber cavity 11 which is cylindrical Casting chamber wall 12 is encased and the inclusion of a - not shown - -thixotropic Metal pin is used.
  • the casting chamber cavity 11 essentially represents one cylindrical body delimited by the casting chamber wall 12. Die However, the casting chamber 10 is only in the region of the mold-side casting chamber opening 13 from a closed cylindrical casing, the casting chamber wall 12, surrounded and has a semi-cylindrical half-shell on the side facing away from the mold 70 - -Not marked - on, which serves to introduce the thixotropic metal bolt.
  • the Casting chamber cavity 11 caused by the cylindrical casting chamber wall 12 has, for example, a round, oval or polygonal cross section.
  • the casting chamber 10 thus has a hollow cylindrical shape Shape up.
  • the diameter of the casting chamber cavity 11 preferably corresponds 103 to 115% of the diameter of the thixotropic metal bolt, so that the metal bolt after insertion into the casting chamber 10 only on its underside a mechanical and has thermal contact with the casting chamber wall 12.
  • the mold 70 shown in Figure 1 consists of a fixed mold half 50 and a movable Mold half 60, each mold half 50, 60 having a mold recess 54, 66 has, and the mold recesses 54, 66 of the two mold halves 50, 60 together form the mold cavity 68 of the mold 70.
  • the oxide stripper-side front side 46 of the mold 70 shown in FIG. 1 has fluid-mechanical reasons a conically tapering part 56 of the Gate 52 open, i.e. the leading through the fixed mold half 50 of the mold 70
  • the pouring opening 52 has a part on the oxide wiper-side part 56 of the pouring opening 52 greatly increasing opening angle, i.e. one that deviates only slightly from a right angle Opening angle, on.
  • a front-side recess 64 is shown, which faces the mold 70 front part of the oxide skin of the thixo blank.
  • the oxide scraper 30 represents an annular body which has a concentric, annular, for example toroidal, recess, the so-called oxide collecting ring 40 having.
  • the inner part of the oxide scraper 30, i.e. the through the inner surface 36 and the two end faces 37, 38 of this body limited interior space, i.e. the through opening 31 of the oxide scraper 30, has a concentric central axis perpendicular to the end faces 37, 38 -
  • the concentric central axis m of the oxide wiper 30 - on that with the concentric Longitudinal axis of the casting chamber cavity 11 and with the concentric central axis the gate 52 coincides.
  • the cross section of the through opening 31 is perpendicular to the concentric central axis m of the oxide wiper 30, the so-called passage cross section, corresponds to the cross section of the mold-side casting chamber opening 13, i.e. the the Opening of the cylindrical casting chamber 10 facing the mold.
  • the end face 38 of the oxide wiper 30 on the casting chamber is located directly on the Mold-side casting chamber opening 13.
  • the mold-side end face 37 of the oxide wiper is located directly on the outer edge of the gate opening leading into the interior of the mold 70 52 or at its conical pouring opening 56, i.e. the form end 37 of the oxide wiper 30 lies directly on the oxide wiper-side front 46 of the casting mold or on the fixed mold half 50.
  • the oxide wiper opening 42 provides an annular recess in the inner surface 36 of the Oxide scraper 30. It is through a recess on the form of the oxide scraper 30 formed, i.e. it is located on the mold-side end face 37 or on that of the casting chamber 10 facing away from the oxide scraper 30. This creates between the mold side End of the inner surface 36 and the oxide wiper-side front side 46 of the mold 70 a cylinder jacket-shaped distance, so that through this opening between the through opening 31 of the oxide scraper 30 and the oxide collecting ring 40, i.e. the oxide wiper opening 42 is hollow cylindrical.
  • the through a longitudinal section through the concentric central axis m of the oxide scraper 30 cut from the hollow cylinder The area represents the opening cross section of the oxide wiper opening 42 shown through opening 31 of the oxide wiper 30 widens conically against the Form-side end face 37 of the oxide scraper 30, with a conical extension 34 is created.
  • the opening cross-section enlarged at the corresponding point of the oxide wiper opening 42.
  • the forces acting on the mold 70 are between the casting chamber 10 and the Mold 70 a shield 20 with a shield opening 24.
  • the oxide wiper 30 is located in the shield opening 24, the length of the annular oxide scraper 30 the thickness of the Shield 20, i.e. corresponds to the length of the shield opening 24.
  • the oxide scraper 30 has one on the casting chamber side Stinfiguration 38 molded stop rib 32, which is such that it engages in a groove-shaped recess 22 of the shield 20 and thus part of the parallel to the concentric central axis m of the oxide scraper 30 acting in the direction of the mold 70 Absorbs forces.
  • the groove-shaped recess 22 and the integrally formed stop rib 32 are radially symmetrical, i.e. their cross section perpendicular to the concentric central axis m of the oxide scraper 30 is annular.
  • a casting chamber wall bracket 16 is formed on the shield 20 or fixed.
  • the length of the casting chamber wall bracket 16 corresponds to the outer circumference of the casting chamber 10 a rib designed as a casting chamber guide 14 is formed or fixed.
  • the casting chamber wall bracket 16 and the casting chamber guide 14 are annular trained, i.e. their cross section perpendicular to the concentric central axis m of the oxide wiper 30 is circular.
  • the inside diameter of the annular casting chamber wall bracket 16 corresponds essentially to the outer diameter of the casting chamber wall 12, and the outer diameter of the casting chamber guide 14 is larger than the inner diameter the casting chamber wall bracket 16.
  • Figure 2a shows a view vertically through the concentric central axis m of an inventive Oxide scraper 30 extending longitudinal section, the oxide scraper 30th has an oxide collecting ring 40 which is axially symmetrical with respect to the concentric central axis m.
  • the with respect to a horizontal plane through the concentric central axis m of the oxide wiper 30 lower part of the oxide wiper opening 42 has, at least in a partial area of that, i.e. in a segment of the hollow cylindrical oxide wiper opening 42, one larger opening cross-section than in the upper part.
  • the opening cross section may be constant or increase continuously or gradually towards the bottom.
  • the opening cross section in underlying segment of the hollow cylindrical oxide wiper opening 42 with a larger one Opening cross-section can also be constant or continuous or step-like enlarge from top to bottom.
  • the segment relates to the hollow cylindrical oxide wiper opening 42 with a larger opening cross section essentially the area of Oxide scraper opening 42, in which the area coming from the contact surface Part of the oxide skin and the thixotropic metal alloy flows through.
  • the passage opening 31 widens to form a conical extension 34 against the mold-side end face 37 of the oxide scraper 30 and thereby allows a better one Introduction of the oxide skin and the oxide skin near thixotropic metal alloy in the Oxide collection ring.
  • the oxide collecting ring 40 shown in FIG. 2a is m with respect to the concentric central axis of the oxide scraper 30 axially symmetrical and is suitable for stripping one over the entire scope of the thixotropic metal alloy essentially constant thick oxide skin.
  • the cross section of the oxide collecting ring shown in FIG. 2a shows particularly good properties with regard to the introduction of the oxide skin and regions close to the oxide skin thixotropic metal alloy.
  • Figure 2b shows a view of a vertical through the concentric central axis m of an inventive Oxide scraper 30 extending longitudinal section, the oxide scraper 30th has an oxide collecting ring 40 which is asymmetrical with respect to the concentric central axis m.
  • the oxide collecting ring 40 has, at least in a partial area thereof, a larger cross-section than in the upper part, i.e. the oxide collection ring 40 shows with respect the concentric central axis m of the oxide wiper 30 has an asymmetry.
  • Such a trained oxide collection ring 40 with an enlarged capacity in the lower part is particularly suitable for co-wiping the area close to the contact surface originating, close to the oxide skin, thixotropic metal alloy with respect to the interior the thixotropic metal alloy with higher viscosity.
  • the oxide wiper opening 42 has the same shape as that of the in Figure 2a shown oxide scraper 30th
  • Figure 3 shows a vertical longitudinal section through the concentric central axis m one the fixed mold half 50 of a mold 70 adjacent oxide wiper 30 and one cross section perpendicular to the concentric central axis m (section along A-A) through the oxide wiper-side front 46 of the mold 70.
  • the recess 44 is located preferably in the horizontal plane through the concentric central axis of the oxide scraper lower part of the oxide scraper opening 42 and is arranged such that the opening cross section in this lower part of the oxide wiper opening 42, i.e. a segment of the hollow cylindrical oxide scraper opening 42 is enlarged.
  • the Recess 44 on the oxide wiper-side front 46 of the mold 70 is in addition to an oxide wiper opening 42 with a m already with respect to the concentric central axis of the oxide scraper 30 attached asymmetrical opening cross section and thus enlarged the opening cross section in this partial area of the oxide wiper opening 42 or serves for better introduction of the oxide skin into the corresponding part of the oxide collection ring 40.
  • the casting mold 70 or the fixed mold half 50 in particular shows a preferred embodiment the recess 44 and their position with respect to the oxide wiper opening 42 and Inlet opening 52.
  • the recess 44 shown in FIG. 3 along the section A-A relates a segment of the oxide wiper opening 42, which has a central angle of approx. 65 ° includes.
  • FIG. 4 shows a vertical longitudinal section through the concentric central axis m one the fixed mold half 50 of a mold 70 adjacent oxide scraper 30, the oxide collecting ring 40 three oxide collection ring chambers 40a, 40b, 40c and three associated therewith
  • Has oxide scraper openings 42a, 42b, 42c, the oxide collection ring chambers 40a, 40b, 40c in terms of their capacity and the oxide wiper openings 42a, 42b, 42c are designed with respect to their opening cross-section such that they pressure which arises in the thixotropic alloy during the thixoforming process p an optimal, i.e. a continuous and even over the entire scope of the stripping of the oxide skin and the oxide skin near thixotropic alloy pulp Allow range of thixotropic metal alloy.
  • the oxide collecting ring chambers 40a, 40b, 40c are one below the other through an oxide wiper opening 42a, 42b, 42c connected, i.e. an oxide wiper opening 42a for connecting the Through opening 31 of the oxide scraper 30 with the oxide collection ring chamber 40 a, one Oxide scraper opening 42b for connecting the oxide collection ring chamber 40a to the oxide collection ring chamber 40b and an oxide wiper opening 42c for connecting the oxide collection ring chamber 40b with the oxide collection ring chamber 40c.
  • the oxide wiper openings 42a, 42b and 42c are selected in such a way that they continuously remove what is to be stripped Allow materials during the three phases of the thixoforming process.
  • annular oxide wiper openings 42a, 42b, 42c show one from the inside to the outside decreasing mean opening cross-section, i.e. the average opening cross section of the Oxide wiper opening 42a is larger than the average opening cross section of the oxide wiper opening 42b and the average opening cross section of the oxide wiper opening 42b is larger than the average opening cross section of the oxide wiper opening 42c.
  • a medium opening cross-section is the opening cross section averaged over the ring-shaped oxide wiper opening Understood.
  • FIG. 5 schematically shows a diagram of the pressure p which arises during the thixoforming process in the thixotropic metal alloy as a function of time t.
  • a first phase of the thixoforming process up to process time t 1 , that is to say during the passage of the thixotropic alloy slurry through the pouring opening and during the filling of the large-volume regions of the mold cavity 68 adjacent to the pouring opening 52, only a slight pressure p 1 builds up in the alloy slurry, so that - in order to allow the material to be stripped to pass through the oxide wiper opening 42a - the latter must have a large opening cross section.
  • the opening cross section of the oxide wiping opening 42b must be smaller than 42a.
  • a third phase of the thixoforming process in the time interval between the process times t 2 and t 3 the pressurization of the thixo bolt is increased further to a pressure p 3 , for example to fill areas of the mold cavity 68 with a very small cross section, which is a factor for the third phase compared to the opening cross section for the second phase further reduced opening cross section of the oxide wiper opening 42c. Thereafter, the pressurization is usually increased further in order to prevent the formation of, for example, microholes or pores during the solidification phase of the molded part.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Epoxy Compounds (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
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Claims (23)

  1. Procédé de fabrication de pièces moulées à partir d'un barreau métallique thixotrope dans des machines horizontales de coulée sous pression, dans lequel on évite, dans la structure d'alliage de la pièce moulée, des inclusions de la peau d'oxyde qui entoure le barreau métallique thixotrope,
       caractérisé par le fait
       qu'avant l'introduction de l'alliage métallique thixotrope dans l'espace creux (68) du moule de coulée (70), on enlève complètement, par raclage, la peau d'oxyde entourant le barreau métallique thixotrope et on la collecte dans un récipient (40), procédé dans lequel on réduit au minimum l'enlèvement simultané, par raclage, d'alliage métallique thixotrope homogène, non oxydé, en tenant compte des caractéristiques thermiques et mécaniques, dissymétriques par rapport à l'axe longitudinal du barreau métallique, du barreau métallique thixotrope.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que, pendant l'enlèvement, par raclage, de la peau d'oxyde, on enlève simultanément, par raclage, la portion de l'alliage métallique qui provient de la zone du barreau métallique thixotrope proche des surfaces d'appui dans la zone de coulée (10) et qui présente une plus faible proportion de liquide du fait du refroidissement plus fort.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'on guide l'alliage métallique thixotrope à travers un corps annulaire, le racloir d'oxyde (30), disposé entre le cylindre de coulée (10) et le moule de coulée (70), la peau d'oxyde du barreau métallique thixotrope étant mécaniquement conduite, par le flux, dans un récipient annulaire, l'anneau de collecte de l'oxyde (40), par une ouverture annulaire concentrique, prévue dans le racloir d'oxyde (30) et présentant une section d'ouverture dissymétrique par rapport à l' axe concentrique (m) de l'ouverture (42) du racloir d'oxyde.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait qu'en fonction des caractéristiques de viscosité, dissymétriques par rapport à l'axe concentrique (m), de l'alliage métallique thixotrope, on choisit la section d'ouverture dissymétrique par rapport à cet axe concentrique (m) de façon à enlever par raclage une couche, d'une épaisseur radiale régulière, de la peau d' oxyde et de la zone proche de la peau d'oxyde de l'alliage métallique thixotrope.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait qu'en même temps que la peau d'oxyde, on enlève, par raclage, la partie de l'alliage métallique thixotrope qui provient de la zone du barreau métallique proche des surfaces d'appui dans le cylindre de coulée (10) et qui présente une viscosité plus épaisse par rapport à la pâte d'alliage thixotrope restante.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'enlèvement par raclage, de la peau d'oxyde se fait de façon continue pendant toute la durée du processus de thixomoulage, de sorte que la quantité de matériau enlevée, par raclage, par unité de temps est proportionnelle à la vitesse d'avance du barreau métallique thixotrope.
  7. Machine horizontale de coulée sous pression pour la fabrication de pièces moulées à partir de barreaux métalliques thixotropes, dans laquelle on évite dans la structure d'alliage de la pièce moulée des inclusions de la peau d'oxyde entourant le barreau métallique thixotrope, et dans laquelle la machine horizontale de coulée sous pression contient un cylindre de coulée (10) disposé horizontalement avec un espace creux cylindrique (11) du cylindre de coulée pour recevoir un barreau métallique thixotrope, un bouclier (20) avec une ouverture de bouclier (24) et un moule de coulée (70) avec un orifice de coulée (52) et un espace creux de moule (68),
       caractérisée par le fait qu'entre le cylindre de coulée (10) et le moule de coulée (70) est disposé un racloir d'oxyde (30), dans laquelle le racloir d'oxyde (30) présente un corps annulaire avec un axe concentrique (m) disposé horizontalement ainsi qu'avec une surface extérieure et une surface intérieure (36), et la section, prise perpendiculairement à l'axe concentrique (m) de la surface intérieure (36) du racloir d'oxyde (30) définit la section de passage du racloir d'oxyde (30), le racloir d'oxyde (30) contient un évidement annulaire, l'anneau de collecte de l'oxyde (40), qui est relié avec l'ouverture de passage (31) du racloir d'oxyde (30), définie par la surface intérieure (36) et la surface frontale, côté cylindre de coulée (38) ainsi que côté moule (37), du racloir d'oxyde (30), par l'intermédiaire d'une ouverture concentrique, annulaire (42), du racloir d'oxyde, l'ouverture (42) du racloir d'oxyde présentant une section d'ouverture dissymétrique par rapport à l'axe concentrique (m) du racloir d'oxyde (30).
  8. Machine de coulée sous pression selon la revendication 7, caractérisée par le fait que l'axe concentrique (m) du racloir d'oxyde (30) coïncide avec l'axe concentrique de l'orifice de coulée (52) du moule de coulée (70) et avec l'axe longitudinal concentrique de l'espace creux (11) du cylindre de coulée.
  9. Machine de coulée sous pression selon la revendication 7, caractérisée par le fait que la section de l'ouverture de passage (31) correspond à la section de l'ouverture (13) du cylindre de coulée située du côté du moule.
  10. Machine de coulée sous pression selon la revendication 7, caractérisée par le fait que l'ouverture annulaire (42) du racloir d'oxyde est formée par un évidement, situé du côté du moule, sur le raccord d'oxyde (30).
  11. Machine de coulée sous pression selon la revendication 7, caractérisée par le fait que la partie inférieure, par rapport à un plan horizontal passant par l'axe concentrique (m) du racloir d'oxyde (30), de l'ouverture (42) du racloir d'oxyde, présente, tout au moins dans une zone partielle de cette partie, une section d'ouverture plus grande que dans la partie supérieure.
  12. Machine de coulée sous pression selon la revendication 7, caractérisée par le fait que, sur une coupe longitudinale verticale passant par l'axe concentrique (m), du racloir d'oxyde (30), la partie supérieure, par rapport à un plan horizontal passant par l'axe concentrique (m), de l'ouverture (42) du racloir d'oxyde présente une distance de 0,5 à 4 mm entre l'extrémité, côté moule, de la surface intérieure (36) du racloir d'oxyde (30) et la surface frontale (37), côté moule, du racloir d'oxyde (30).
  13. Machine de coulée sous pression selon la revendication 7, caractérisée par le fait que, sur une coupe longitudinale verticale passant par l'axe concentrique (m), du racloir d'oxyde (30), la partie inférieure, par rapport à un plan horizontal passant par l'axe concentrique (m), de l'ouverture (42) du racloir d'oxyde présente une distance de 1 à 10 mm entre l'extrémité, côté moule, de la surface intérieure (36) du racloir d'oxyde (30) et la surface frontale (37), côté moule, du racloir d'oxyde (30).
  14. Machine de coulée sous pression selon la revendication 10, caractérisée par le fait que, près d'une ouverture (42) du racloir d'oxyde située sur la surface frontale (47), côté moule, du racloir d'oxyde (30), sur la face frontale (46), située du côté du racloir d'oxyde, du moule de coulée (70), est prévu un évidement, la cavité (44), la cavité (44) étant disposée de façon que la section d'ouverture soit accrue dans la partie inférieure, par rapport à un plan horizontal passant par l'axe concentrique (m) du racloir d'oxyde (30), de l'ouverture (42) du racloir d'oxyde ou dans une zone partielle de cette partie inférieure.
  15. Machine de coulée sous pression selon la revendication 14, caractérisée par le fait que, que la cavité (44) a la forme d'un cylindre, d'un tonneau ou d'un tronc de pyramide.
  16. Machine de coulée sous pression selon la revendication 14, caractérisée par le fait que, dans le plan vertical passant par l'axe concentrique (m) du racloir d'oxyde (30), la cavité (44) présente une hauteur maximale de 10 à 40 mm ainsi qu'une largeur maximale de 20 à 80 mm et, selon la direction de l'axe concentrique (m), une profondeur maximale de 2 à 20 mm.
  17. Machine de coulée sous pression selon la revendication 7, caractérisée par le fait que, la capacité de l'anneau (40) de collecte d'oxyde vaut entre 1 et 10% du volume du barreau métallique thixotropique.
  18. Machine de coulée sous pression selon la revendication 7, caractérisée par le fait que, l'anneau (40) de collecte de l'oxyde est constitué de plusieurs espaces creux annulaires, des chambres annulaires (40a, 40b, 40c) de collecte de l'oxyde, présentant un axe concentrique commun (m) qui correspond à l'axe concentrique (m) du racloir d'oxyde (30), et que les chambres annulaires (40a, 40b, 40c) de collecte de l'oxyde sont reliées l'une à l'autre par, chaque fois, une ouverture annulaire (42a 42b, 42c) du racloir d'oxyde.
  19. Machine de coulée sous pression selon la revendication 18, caractérisée par le fait que, les chambres annulaires (40a, 40b, 40c) de collecte de l'oxyde sont, en ce qui concerne leur forme ainsi que les ouvertures (42a, 42b, 42c) du racloir d'oxyde correspondant aux différentes chambres annulaires (40a, 40b, 40c) de collecte de l'oxyde, sont réalisées de façon qu'en ce qui concerne la pression (p) respective qui s'établit dans l'alliage thixotrope pendant le processus de thixomoulage, elles permettent un enlèvement optimal par raclage, de la peau d'oxyde et de la zone, proche de la peau d'oxyde, de l'alliage métallique thixotrope.
  20. Machine de coulée sous pression selon la revendication 19, caractérisée par le fait que, l'anneau (40) de collecte de l'oxyde contient de 1 à 5 chambres annulaires (40a, 40b, 40c) de collecte de l'oxyde et 1 à 5 ouvertures annulaires (42a, 42b, 42c) du racloir d' oxyde qui les relient.
  21. Machine de coulée sous pression selon la revendication 7, caractérisée par le fait que la partie inférieure, par rapport à un plan horizontal passant par l'axe concentrique (m) du racloir d'oxyde (30), de l'anneau (40) de collecte de l'oxyde, présente, tout au moins dans une zone partielle de cette partie, une section plus grande que dans la partie supérieure.
  22. Machine de coulée sous pression selon la revendication 21, caractérisée par le fait qu'une coupe longitudinale verticale, passant par l'axe concentrique (m) du racloir d'oxyde (30), montre, dans la moitié inférieure, par rapport à un plan horizontal passant par l'axe concentrique (m), du racloir d'oxyde (30), une surface, en coupe longitudinale, de l'anneau (40) de collecte de l'oxyde de une à trois fois plus grande que dans la moitié supérieure du racloir d'oxyde (30).
  23. Machine de coulée sous pression selon la revendication 21, caractérisée par le fait qu'une coupe longitudinale verticale, passant par l'axe concentrique (m) du racloir d'oxyde (30), montre, dans la moitié inférieure, par rapport a un plan horizontal passant par l'axe concentrique (m), du racloir d'oxyde (30), une surface, en coupe longitudinale, de l'anneau (40) de collecte de l'oxyde de 1,1 à 1,8 fois plus grande que dans la moitié supérieure du racloir d'oxyde (30).
EP95810778A 1994-12-22 1995-12-08 Décrotteur d'oxyde Expired - Lifetime EP0718059B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH3878/94 1994-12-22
CH03878/94A CH688613A5 (de) 1994-12-22 1994-12-22 Oxidabstreifer.

Publications (2)

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EP0718059A1 EP0718059A1 (fr) 1996-06-26
EP0718059B1 true EP0718059B1 (fr) 1998-07-15

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EP95810778A Expired - Lifetime EP0718059B1 (fr) 1994-12-22 1995-12-08 Décrotteur d'oxyde

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5730201A (fr)
EP (1) EP0718059B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE168296T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2164785A1 (fr)
CH (1) CH688613A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE59502820D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2121327T3 (fr)

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DE10313089B3 (de) * 2003-03-24 2004-08-19 Drm Druckguss Gmbh Druckgießvorrichtung für flüssiges Metall
US6810941B2 (en) 2001-06-01 2004-11-02 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Injection mold for semi-solidified Fe alloy
DE10305862B4 (de) * 2002-02-18 2005-06-02 Aisin Takaoka Co., Ltd., Toyota Gießvorrichtung für Metallerzeugnisse

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US5865238A (en) * 1997-04-01 1999-02-02 Alyn Corporation Process for die casting of metal matrix composite materials from a self-supporting billet
US5954116A (en) * 1997-08-22 1999-09-21 Buhler Ag Shot sleeve and shot unit for a die casting machine
JP3416036B2 (ja) 1997-09-29 2003-06-16 マツダ株式会社 マグネシウム合金射出成形用金型構造及び該金型構造を用いたマグネシウム合金部品の成形方法
US6962189B2 (en) * 1997-10-20 2005-11-08 Chipless Metals Llc Method of making precision castings using thixotropic materials
EP0940206A1 (fr) * 1998-03-04 1999-09-08 Alusuisse Technology & Management AG Décrotteur d'oxyde
EP0976475A1 (fr) * 1998-07-30 2000-02-02 Alusuisse Technology & Management AG Système d' orifice de coulée pour la fabrication de pièces moulées à partir d' un lingot métallique thixotrope dans des machines de coulée sous pression
DE19926653B4 (de) * 1999-06-11 2005-12-15 Audi Ag Verfahren zum Durchführen von Thixoforming sowie Thixoforming-Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
US6745819B2 (en) * 2001-05-17 2004-06-08 Tht Presses Inc. Vertical die casting press and method of producing die cast metal parts
DE10231888A1 (de) * 2002-07-12 2004-01-22 Bühler Druckguss AG Verfahren zur Herstellung von Druckgiesstellen und Giessform
US20030141033A1 (en) * 2002-01-31 2003-07-31 Tht Presses Inc. Semi-solid molding method
US20050056394A1 (en) * 2002-01-31 2005-03-17 Tht Presses Inc. Semi-solid molding method and apparatus
US6901991B2 (en) * 2002-01-31 2005-06-07 Tht Presses Inc. Semi-solid molding apparatus and method
JP3993813B2 (ja) * 2002-10-31 2007-10-17 有限会社リムテック 溶融金属材料の射出装置
JP3686412B2 (ja) * 2003-08-26 2005-08-24 本田技研工業株式会社 鋳鉄のチクソキャスティング装置と方法
US20050103461A1 (en) * 2003-11-19 2005-05-19 Tht Presses, Inc. Process for generating a semi-solid slurry
GB0514751D0 (en) * 2005-07-19 2005-08-24 Holset Engineering Co Method and apparatus for manufacturing turbine or compressor wheels
US8327914B2 (en) * 2009-11-06 2012-12-11 National Research Council Of Canada Feeding system for semi-solid metal injection
US8376026B2 (en) * 2010-01-29 2013-02-19 National Research Council Of Canada Thixotropic injector with improved annular trap
CN104736272B (zh) * 2012-03-22 2017-05-03 苹果公司 用于凝壳捕集的方法、系统与柱塞
US9457399B2 (en) 2012-04-16 2016-10-04 Apple Inc. Injection molding and casting of materials using a vertical injection molding system
EP2895284B1 (fr) * 2012-09-12 2019-01-02 Aluminio Tecno Industriales Orinoco C.A. Procédé et installation pour produire des composants constitués par un alliage d'aluminium pour des véhicules et des produits blancs, et composants obtenus par ceux-ci
US8701742B2 (en) 2012-09-27 2014-04-22 Apple Inc. Counter-gravity casting of hollow shapes
US8813813B2 (en) 2012-09-28 2014-08-26 Apple Inc. Continuous amorphous feedstock skull melting
US10040117B2 (en) 2016-12-29 2018-08-07 Vinet Micro-Technologies Inc. Contaminant-purging cold chamber die casting apparatus and method
DE102019107319B4 (de) * 2019-03-21 2022-09-08 Engel Austria Gmbh Aufschmelzeinheit für eine Formgebungsmaschine, Formgebungsmaschine sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben einer solchen

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US6810941B2 (en) 2001-06-01 2004-11-02 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Injection mold for semi-solidified Fe alloy
DE10224206B4 (de) * 2001-06-01 2008-06-05 Ngk Insulators, Ltd., Nagoya Spritzgussform für eine halbverfestigte FE-Legierung
DE10305862B4 (de) * 2002-02-18 2005-06-02 Aisin Takaoka Co., Ltd., Toyota Gießvorrichtung für Metallerzeugnisse
DE10313089B3 (de) * 2003-03-24 2004-08-19 Drm Druckguss Gmbh Druckgießvorrichtung für flüssiges Metall

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0718059A1 (fr) 1996-06-26
DE59502820D1 (de) 1998-08-20
ATE168296T1 (de) 1998-08-15
US5730201A (en) 1998-03-24
ES2121327T3 (es) 1998-11-16
CA2164785A1 (fr) 1996-06-23
CH688613A5 (de) 1997-12-15

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