EP0719074A2 - Méthode de fabrication d'un élément flexible multicouche, mécaniquement résistant comme élément de chauffage à bas voltage pour radiateurs planes et radiateur plane flexible - Google Patents

Méthode de fabrication d'un élément flexible multicouche, mécaniquement résistant comme élément de chauffage à bas voltage pour radiateurs planes et radiateur plane flexible Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0719074A2
EP0719074A2 EP95250312A EP95250312A EP0719074A2 EP 0719074 A2 EP0719074 A2 EP 0719074A2 EP 95250312 A EP95250312 A EP 95250312A EP 95250312 A EP95250312 A EP 95250312A EP 0719074 A2 EP0719074 A2 EP 0719074A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fibers
mechanically
fiber web
heating element
sheet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP95250312A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0719074A3 (fr
Inventor
Manfred Kopf
Dietmar Helbig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Debolon Dessauer Bodenbelaege GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Debolon Dessauer Bodenbelaege GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Debolon Dessauer Bodenbelaege GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Debolon Dessauer Bodenbelaege GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0719074A2 publication Critical patent/EP0719074A2/fr
Publication of EP0719074A3 publication Critical patent/EP0719074A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional [2D] plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional [2D] plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/034—Heater using resistive elements made of short fibbers of conductive material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flexible, flat-shaped component in which electrical energy is converted into thermal energy and which can be used for the energy supply of both flexible and mechanically rigid sheet-like temperature radiators, the surface temperature of which is only slightly, i.e. H. approx. 20 K above the ambient temperature and the heating and warming of rooms, containers, pipes and the like. ⁇ ., As is also provided for the direct heating of people and tears residing in buildings.
  • the known heating systems converting electrical energy into thermal energy are designed as electrical resistance heaters, the thermal energy of which is generated in metallic conductors, predominantly surfaces of radiators or air or liquids heated as a heat transfer medium.
  • the material of the resistance heating heats up to a high temperature in comparison to the desired room temperature and, unless the heat generated is otherwise transferred to the heat transfer medium, it causes heat radiation from the resistance heating to a few 100 K Resistance heater heated above the ambient temperature, acting as a radiator.
  • the surrounding area is heated primarily by forced or free convection.
  • heat radiation which is also emitted by a radiator at a high temperature, is perceived as unpleasant and is suppressed or not used to heat the room. For this reason, the efficiency of electrical resistance heating systems is unsatisfactory.
  • a heating device embedded in a floor covering which consists of an electrical resistance heater and is embedded in a radiation body layer.
  • This is formed from a film consisting of a mixture that is granular and powdery Contains coal, granular and powdery electrically conductive ores, granular and powdery, semiconductive ceramic materials, resins, metal oxides, zinc earth and the like.
  • the thermal energy generated by the electrical resistance heating is converted into long-wave infrared radiation in the radiation body layer with the aforementioned composition.
  • the heating device designed according to this teaching for a radiant heater can only be used in plate-shaped radiant heaters, ie in rigid flat structures with a considerable plate thickness.
  • the production is very costly and the use is limited to new cases, with a large on-site installation required having a disadvantageous effect.
  • the flat heating conductor has a carrier fabric made of an insulating material, for example glass fibers, which is impregnated with a composition which contains electrical resistance material and is surrounded on both sides for electrical insulation with a non-conductive, mechanically strong film in an airtight and watertight manner.
  • the carrier fabric forms the strength structure for an electrically conductive film.
  • Conductive film made of electrical resistance material is created by impregnating the support fabric.
  • the non-conductive fibers are either covered with an electrical layer or an electrically conductive resistance substance is embedded in a film-like manner between the non-conductive fibers of the support fabric, the fibers of the support fabric itself retaining the character of a non-conductive support fabric.
  • a rigid electrical surface heating element is offered on the market, which consists of webs and underneath a floor wear layer, e.g. B. consisting of textile flooring is arranged.
  • These sheet-like heating elements have the same structure as that according to the aforementioned Solution from the published patent application.
  • the shortcomings inherent in this panel heater are the same.
  • this surface heating element shows that it is inelastic and that the film-like layers, ie the impregnated glass fiber fabric embedded in two outer layers, do not form a composite, have different thermal expansion and therefore cannot have a defined surface heating output.
  • the aim of the invention is to increase the overall efficiency in the conversion of electrical energy into heat radiation energy in the case of sheet-like heating elements for large-area radiation heating devices, and thus to lower the heating costs for the operator, and on the other hand to reduce the costs for installing large-area radiation heating devices in which heating elements are used to reduce, as well as to achieve a uniform temperature distribution over the surface of the heating element for radiant heaters and not to limit the use of the same as web material to pure new buildings, whereby the adaptation to different room contours during assembly must be possible without great effort and the same , used as a heating mat, must adapt well to different surface shapes.
  • the invention is based on the object of converting an electrical energy into heat energy sheet-like flexible heating element with a defined mechanical strength using fibrous or filament-like carbon modifications and with a resistance value that does not change during use, i. H. with a constant heating output for heat-radiating, largely flexible fabrics, within which the dominant heat equivalent from the electrical energy supplied is largely converted into long-wave infrared radiation and at the same time only a weak heating of the heat-radiating fabric itself by no more than 20 K above that Ambient temperature occurs.
  • This task was predominantly achieved by a method for producing a mechanically resilient sheet-like composite of layers between a mechanically not resilient fiber web and at least one mechanically resilient Solved textile fabric or nonwoven web, in which according to the invention, according to a planar design of a dielectric textile fabric or nonwoven web, there is a mechanically resilient fiber web consisting of electrically conductive fibers, predominantly carbon fibers or a mixture of carbon fibers and non-conductive fibers, for example glass fibers is applied with a disordered arrangement of fibers with regard to their longitudinal and transverse orientation, in the form of a nonwoven fabric or in an ordered state in the form of a woven, knitted or knitted fabric made of carbon fibers, and these webs or a further dielectric, textile fabric web is subsequently applied to the mechanically electrical fiber web with limited load capacity is applied and these are then mechanically connected to one another, for example by needling.
  • a mechanically resilient fiber web consisting of electrically conductive fibers, predominantly carbon fibers or a mixture of carbon fibers and
  • the mechanically limited loadable, electrically conductive fiber web becomes one in the embodiment of the method proposed according to the invention for fixing the position of the carbon fibers in their crossing or contact points
  • Layer composite partially pre-impregnated or coated with a plastic, the pre-impregnation and / or coating of the electrically conductive non-metallic fibers of the fiber web being carried out by means of a filled or unfilled compact or foamed plastic combination consisting of a polymer.
  • the layer composite consisting of carrier layer, fiber web and cover layer is optionally with an application of a plastisol consisting of PVC paste, a high-solid system (PUR) or with an application of a thermoplastic Condition of the polymer melt and then the carrier layer, the fiber web and the cover layer are combined to form a layer composite by applying a joining force.
  • a plastisol consisting of PVC paste, a high-solid system (PUR)
  • PUR high-solid system
  • a sheet-like heating element for a flexible heat-radiating flat structure in which electrical energy is converted into thermal energy, the heating element consisting of a sheet-like resistance heater containing non-metallic materials, and according to the invention the sheet-like heating element from a carrier layer and a layer thereon or arranged therein and with this mechanically connected, made of electrically conductive, non-metallic fibers, mechanically limited resilient fiber web and the electrically conductive fiber web is provided on its opposite sides with a power supply device enabling the application of a voltage to the fiber web.
  • the sheet-like heating element consists of a mechanically resilient carrier layer, a mechanically resilient cover layer and an interposed and mechanically connected to these aforementioned layers, made of an electrically conductive, mechanically limited resilient fiber web containing no metallic fibers, each of which has a Applying a voltage to the fiber supply enabling power supply device is provided.
  • the sheet-like heating element consists of a layer composite, preferably mechanically produced by needling, between a dielectric textile carrier layer and an electrically conductive fiber web or from a dielectric, textile carrier layer, an electrically conductive fiber web and a dielectric textile top layer.
  • the mechanically limited loadable fiber web consists of electrically conductive fibers, predominantly carbon fibers, these lying in unordered directions with regard to their longitudinal and transverse orientation and forming a nonwoven fabric.
  • the mechanically limited loadable fiber web consists of a mixture of electrically conductive fibers, or of electrically conductive and non-conductive fibers, predominantly carbon fibers, or a mixture of carbon fibers and glass fibers or / and / or textile fibers, these fibers with respect to their longitudinal and transverse orientation disorderly directions and form a nonwoven fabric.
  • the mechanically resilient fiber web can consist of electrically conductive fibers, predominantly carbon fibers, which are combined into bundles in which a large number of silk-like carbon threads, so-called carbon fiber filaments, are arranged parallel to one another in their longitudinal direction, these carbon fiber bundles being arranged transversely to them Synthetic fiber threads provided in the longitudinal direction are connected to form a fabric-like flat structure, in which the carbon fiber bundles are attached as so-called warp threads and the synthetic fiber threads as so-called weft threads.
  • the mechanically non-resilient fiber web can consist of a flat fabric woven, knitted or knitted from electrically conductive fibers, predominantly carbon fibers or a mixture of electrically non-conductive fibers and carbon fibers.
  • the fleece consisting of carbon fibers has a defined fleece thickness and a microporous structure with cavities that extend into the fleece thickness.
  • the carbon fiber fleece with a specific fleece thickness and a specific fiber density has a radiation coefficient which is very close to that of the ideal "black body", which does not exist in reality.
  • there are cavities extending between the carbon fibers of the nonwoven fabric which, according to the definition, correspond in their design to that of a "black box”, that is to say they form a "black body” with great approximation and as the cause are to be considered for the high radiation coefficient.
  • a carbon fiber fleece was used in accordance with the invention which has the desired high degree of conversion of electrical energy used into radiation energy when the carbon fiber fleece is heated within a temperature range of up to 40 ° C.
  • the fiber fleece forming the sheet-like flexible heating element was coated on one or both sides with a filled or filler-free compact or foamed polymer, the electrically conductive fibers being wholly or partly penetrated by this polymer composition .
  • a flat-shaped heating element for a flexible, heat-radiating flat structure consisting of a mechanically resilient sheet-like composite between a mechanically not resilient, electrically conductive, non-metallic fiber web and at least one mechanically resilient, dielectric, predominantly textile woven, knitted, knitted or nonwoven web formed from a dielectric textile carrier layer 1, an electrically conductive fiber web 2 and a further dielectric textile cover layer 3.
  • the electrically conductive fiber web 2 is on opposite sides 4; 5 with one not provided power supply device for applying a voltage to the electrically conductive fiber web.
  • the layered composite is mechanically joined to form a layered composite by so-called needling according to the principle of producing needle felt.
  • the layered composite produced by this method can be subjected to mechanical loads and can be subjected to further processing in and into sheet-like structures and in this itself can take on a supporting function in combination with other materials.
  • the mechanically limited loadable, electrically conductive fiber web 2 is closed before or during processing in order to fix the position of the carbon fibers in their crossing or contact points a layer composite partially or completely pre-impregnated or coated with a plastic, the pre-impregnation and / or coating of the electrically conductive non-metallic fibers of the fiber web being carried out by means of a filled or unfilled compact or foamed plastic combination consisting of a polymer, and the carbon fibers are not electrically are isolated from each other, but only coated or a polymer composition is inserted between them, for example.
  • the layer composite consisting of backing layer 1, fiber web 2 and top layer 3 is optionally coated with a plastisol consisting of PVC paste, a high-solid system (PUR) or with a single layer provided in the thermoplastic state of the polymer melt and then the carrier layer 1, the fiber web 2 and the cover layer 3 are combined to form a layer composite using a joining force.
  • a plastisol consisting of PVC paste, a high-solid system (PUR) or with a single layer provided in the thermoplastic state of the polymer melt and then the carrier layer 1, the fiber web 2 and the cover layer 3 are combined to form a layer composite using a joining force.
  • a heating element has been developed in which, by using a nonwoven predominantly made of carbon fibers as a radiating fiber web, a high degree of conversion of electrical energy fed into heat radiation when the surface of the fiber web is heated does not exceed a permissible temperature limit of 28 ° C because the structure of this nonwoven comes very close to that of an ideal black body.
  • the method according to the invention ensures that the fiber web used, consisting of carbon fibers, can be subjected to mechanical loads, as a result of which the carbon fiber fleece in the present embodiment can be introduced as a heating element in heat-radiating flexible flat structures.

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  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
EP95250312A 1994-12-24 1995-12-22 Méthode de fabrication d'un élément flexible multicouche, mécaniquement résistant comme élément de chauffage à bas voltage pour radiateurs planes et radiateur plane flexible Withdrawn EP0719074A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4447407A DE4447407C2 (de) 1994-12-24 1994-12-24 Flexibles Flächenheizelement und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines flexiblen Flächenheizelementes
DE4447407 1994-12-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0719074A2 true EP0719074A2 (fr) 1996-06-26
EP0719074A3 EP0719074A3 (fr) 1997-01-22

Family

ID=6537606

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95250312A Withdrawn EP0719074A3 (fr) 1994-12-24 1995-12-22 Méthode de fabrication d'un élément flexible multicouche, mécaniquement résistant comme élément de chauffage à bas voltage pour radiateurs planes et radiateur plane flexible

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0719074A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE4447407C2 (fr)
FI (1) FI956130L (fr)
NO (1) NO955136L (fr)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2764678A1 (fr) * 1997-06-17 1998-12-18 Lmca Les Materiaux Composites Panneau souple chauffant
GB2414910A (en) * 2004-06-05 2005-12-07 John Graham Bryant Integrated heat generating membrane
AT414073B (de) * 2004-10-05 2006-08-15 Kerschbaum Margarete Heizgerät
DE19726689B4 (de) * 1997-06-24 2007-11-15 Ts Thermo Systeme Gmbh Elektrisches Heizungssystem zum Beheizen eines Raumes in Wohnungen und Gebäuden durch großflächige Wärmeabgabe
EP2023688A1 (fr) * 2007-08-03 2009-02-11 Frenzelit Werke GmbH & Co. KG Système de chauffage de surfaces
EP2827069A3 (fr) * 2013-07-17 2015-03-18 Blanke Gmbh & Co. Kg Système de chauffage et découplage combiné
EP3438563A1 (fr) * 2017-08-02 2019-02-06 AdFiTech GmbH Panneau chauffant, chauffage électrique par panneau et procédé de fabrication d'un panneau chauffant
US10841980B2 (en) 2015-10-19 2020-11-17 Laminaheat Holding Ltd. Laminar heating elements with customized or non-uniform resistance and/or irregular shapes and processes for manufacture
US10925119B2 (en) 2015-01-12 2021-02-16 Laminaheat Holding Ltd. Fabric heating element
USD911038S1 (en) 2019-10-11 2021-02-23 Laminaheat Holding Ltd. Heating element sheet having perforations

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19911519A1 (de) * 1999-03-16 2000-10-26 Sika Werke Gmbh Flächenheizer auf Vlies- oder Gewebebasis
DE10210677A1 (de) * 2002-03-12 2003-10-09 Sgl Carbon Ag Kohlenstoffhaltiger Formkörper zur Beheizung von Räumen
DE10320240A1 (de) * 2003-05-07 2004-12-02 Wolf Gmbh Feuerfeste Produkte Verfahren zum Trocknen von feuchten Wänden von Gebäuden und Heizmatte hierfür
DE102005015050A1 (de) * 2005-03-31 2006-10-12 Ewald Dörken Ag Flächenheizeinrichtung
DE102005015051A1 (de) * 2005-03-31 2006-10-19 Ewald Dörken Ag Flächenheizeinrichtung
DE102008002826A1 (de) 2008-04-20 2009-10-29 Westprint Gmbh & Co. Kg Aufbau und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer elektrischen Boden- und/oder Wandheizung
DE102009003867A1 (de) 2008-05-05 2010-02-25 Alexander Tomachev Elektrisch leitendes Polymerband und Polymergewebe auf der Basis von elektrisch leitenden Polymerfasern, Garnen, Zwirnen und Schnüren für flächenhafte Heizelemente, Heizgewebe und ähnliches und Verfahren zur Herstellung des flächenhaften Heizelementes
WO2009135487A2 (fr) 2008-05-05 2009-11-12 Elena Tolmacheva Ruban polymère électroconducteur et tissu polymère à base de fibres polymères, de fils, de fils retors et de cordons électroconducteurs pour éléments chauffants, tissus chauffants plats et analogues, et procédé de production d'éléments chauffants plats
DE102008050669A1 (de) * 2008-09-30 2010-04-01 Ostmann, Daniel Flächenheizung
DE102009032260B4 (de) 2009-07-08 2026-06-11 Physiotherm Gmbh Infrarot-Heizeinrichtung
DE202012009083U1 (de) 2012-09-21 2013-01-30 Anke Hestermann de Boer Sub-molekularen Flächenheizungssystem, basierend auf einen Ferro magnetischer Kalorischer Gedächtnis Legierung
DE102023113534A1 (de) 2023-05-24 2024-11-28 Erhard Rohrmoser Elektrische Heizschicht und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung

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DE2401203C3 (de) * 1974-01-11 1980-06-12 Kabel- Und Metallwerke Gutehoffnungshuette Ag, 3000 Hannover Biegsames elektrisches Flächenheizelement
DE2619466A1 (de) * 1976-05-03 1977-11-10 Moralt Kg August Flaechenhaftes mit elektrischer energie gespeistes raumheizungs-fertigbauelement
CA1314581C (fr) * 1988-07-08 1993-03-16 Yoshinori Nishino Dispositif de chauffage pour materiau de plancher et materiau de plancher contenant ce dispositif de chauffage
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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2764678A1 (fr) * 1997-06-17 1998-12-18 Lmca Les Materiaux Composites Panneau souple chauffant
DE19726689B4 (de) * 1997-06-24 2007-11-15 Ts Thermo Systeme Gmbh Elektrisches Heizungssystem zum Beheizen eines Raumes in Wohnungen und Gebäuden durch großflächige Wärmeabgabe
DE19726689B8 (de) * 1997-06-24 2008-02-28 Ts Thermo Systeme Gmbh Elektrisches Heizungssystem zum Beheizen eines Raumes in Wohnungen und Gebäuden durch großflächige Wärmeabgabe
GB2414910A (en) * 2004-06-05 2005-12-07 John Graham Bryant Integrated heat generating membrane
AT414073B (de) * 2004-10-05 2006-08-15 Kerschbaum Margarete Heizgerät
EP2023688A1 (fr) * 2007-08-03 2009-02-11 Frenzelit Werke GmbH & Co. KG Système de chauffage de surfaces
WO2009018960A1 (fr) * 2007-08-03 2009-02-12 Frenzelit-Werke Gmbh & Co. Kg Système de chauffage par surfaces étendues
EP2827069A3 (fr) * 2013-07-17 2015-03-18 Blanke Gmbh & Co. Kg Système de chauffage et découplage combiné
US10925119B2 (en) 2015-01-12 2021-02-16 Laminaheat Holding Ltd. Fabric heating element
US10841980B2 (en) 2015-10-19 2020-11-17 Laminaheat Holding Ltd. Laminar heating elements with customized or non-uniform resistance and/or irregular shapes and processes for manufacture
EP3438563A1 (fr) * 2017-08-02 2019-02-06 AdFiTech GmbH Panneau chauffant, chauffage électrique par panneau et procédé de fabrication d'un panneau chauffant
USD911038S1 (en) 2019-10-11 2021-02-23 Laminaheat Holding Ltd. Heating element sheet having perforations

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0719074A3 (fr) 1997-01-22
NO955136D0 (no) 1995-12-18
DE4447407C2 (de) 2001-12-13
FI956130A7 (fi) 1996-06-25
FI956130L (fi) 1996-06-25
FI956130A0 (fi) 1995-12-20
DE4447407A1 (de) 1996-07-11
NO955136L (no) 1996-06-25

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