EP0748982A2 - Procédé de combustion étagée amélioré - Google Patents

Procédé de combustion étagée amélioré Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0748982A2
EP0748982A2 EP96109423A EP96109423A EP0748982A2 EP 0748982 A2 EP0748982 A2 EP 0748982A2 EP 96109423 A EP96109423 A EP 96109423A EP 96109423 A EP96109423 A EP 96109423A EP 0748982 A2 EP0748982 A2 EP 0748982A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
furnace
fuel
oxidant
charge
primary
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96109423A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0748982B1 (fr
EP0748982A3 (fr
Inventor
Geoffrey Bruce Tuson
Ronald William Schroeder
Hisashi Kobayashi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Praxair Technology Inc
Original Assignee
Praxair Technology Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Praxair Technology Inc filed Critical Praxair Technology Inc
Publication of EP0748982A2 publication Critical patent/EP0748982A2/fr
Priority to US09/079,164 priority Critical patent/US5924858A/en
Publication of EP0748982A3 publication Critical patent/EP0748982A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0748982B1 publication Critical patent/EP0748982B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
    • F27D99/0033—Heating elements or systems using burners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
    • C03B5/235—Heating the glass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
    • C04B7/36—Manufacture of hydraulic cements in general
    • C04B7/43—Heat treatment, e.g. precalcining, burning, melting; Cooling
    • C04B7/44—Burning; Melting
    • C04B7/4407—Treatment or selection of the fuel therefor, e.g. use of hazardous waste as secondary fuel ; Use of particular energy sources, e.g. waste hot gases from other processes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F23C6/045—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • F23L7/007—Supplying oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories or equipment, e.g. dust-collectors, specially adapted for hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/22—Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2201/00—Staged combustion
    • F23C2201/10—Furnace staging
    • F23C2201/101—Furnace staging in vertical direction, e.g. alternating lean and rich zones
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to staged combustion within a furnace which contains a charge to be heated by heat generated by the combustion.
  • Nitrogen oxides are a significant pollutant generated during combustion and it is desirable to reduce their generation in carrying out combustion. It is known that combustion may be carried out with reduced NOx generation by using technically pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air as the oxidant as this reduces the amount of nitrogen provided to the combustion reaction on an equivalent oxygen basis. However the use of an oxidant having a higher oxygen concentration than that of air causes the combustion reaction to run at a higher temperature and this higher temperature kinetically favors the formation of NOx.
  • Staged combustion has been used to reduce NOx generation, particularly when the oxidant is a fluid having an oxygen concentration which exceeds that of air.
  • fuel and oxidant are introduced into a combustion zone in a substoichiometric ratio and combusted. Due to the excess amount of fuel available for combustion, very few of the oxygen molecules of the oxidant react with nitrogen to form NOx. Additional oxygen is provided to the combustion zone to complete the combustion in a second downstream stage. Because the secondary oxygen is first diluted with furnace gases before it mixes with the unburned fuel, the combustion in the second stage does not occur at very high temperatures, thus limiting the amount of NOx formed.
  • the fuel and/or oxidant In order to carry out effective combustion with oxidant having a higher oxygen concentration than that of air, the fuel and/or oxidant must be provided into the furnace at a relatively high velocity in order to achieve the requisite momentum.
  • the combustion reactants must have a certain momentum in order to assure adequate mixing of the fuel and oxidant for efficient combustion.
  • the high momentum also causes the combustion reaction products to more effectively spread throughout the furnace to transfer heat to the furnace charge.
  • Momentum is the product of mass and velocity.
  • An oxidant having an oxygen concentration which exceeds that of air will have a lower mass than air on an equivalent oxygen molecule basis.
  • an oxidant fluid having an oxygen concentration of 30 mole percent will have about 70 percent the mass of an oxidatively equivalent amount of air. Accordingly, in order to maintain the requisite momentum, the velocity of the combustion reaction, i.e. the velocity of the fuel and/or oxidant of the combustion reaction, must be correspondingly higher.
  • the high velocity and consequent vigorous mixing and spread of the combustion reaction products within the furnace is not disadvantageous.
  • one or more of the combustion reaction products could chemically react with the charge in an unwanted chemical reaction.
  • This problem may be overcome by interposing a physical barrier between the combustion reaction and the charge, but this solution imposes a significant energy penalty on the furnace operation even when the barrier is made of material having good heat transfer properties.
  • a method for carrying out staged combustion comprising:
  • Another aspect of the invention is:
  • a method for carrying out staged combustion comprising:
  • products of complete combustion means one or more of carbon dioxide and water vapor.
  • products of incomplete combustion means one or more of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon and partially combusted hydrocarbons.
  • unburned fuel means fuel which has undergone no combustion and/or products of incomplete combustion.
  • stoichiometric means the ratio of oxygen to fuel for combustion purposes.
  • a stoichiometric ratio of less than 100 percent means there is less oxygen present than the amount necessary to completely combust the fuel present, i.e. fuel-rich conditions.
  • a stoichiometric ratio greater than 100 percent means there is more oxygen present than the amount necessary to completely combust the fuel, i.e. excess oxygen conditions.
  • Figure 1 is a simplified cross-sectional representation of one embodiment of the invention wherein the gas layer above the charge is more oxidizing.
  • Figure 2 is a simplified cross-sectional representation of another embodiment of the invention wherein the gas layer above the charge is more reducing.
  • industrial furnace 1 which contains a charge 2.
  • Any industrial furnace which is heated by one or more burners may be used in the practice of this invention.
  • furnaces include a steel reheating furnace wherein the charge is steel, an aluminum melting furnace wherein the charge is aluminum, a glass melting furnace wherein the charge comprises glassmaking materials, and a cement kiln wherein the charge comprises cement.
  • Fuel 6 and primary oxidant 7 are provided into furnace 1 at point 3 above charge 2 such as through burner 4.
  • the fuel and primary oxidant may be injected into furnace 1 separately or together in a premixed condition.
  • the fuel and primary oxidant may be provided into furnace 1 through a plurality of burners.
  • Any suitable oxy-fuel burner may be employed in the practice of this invention.
  • One particularly preferred oxy-fuel burner for use in the practice of this invention is the fuel jet burner disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,411,395 to Kobayashi et al. which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the fuel may be any gas or other fluid which contains combustibles which may combust in the combustion zone of the furnace.
  • combustibles such fuels one can name natural gas, coke oven gas, propane, methane and oil.
  • the primary oxidant is a fluid having an oxygen concentration of at least 50 volume percent oxygen, preferably at least 90 volume percent oxygen.
  • the primary oxidant may be commercially pure oxygen having an oxygen concentration of 99.5 percent or more.
  • the fuel and primary oxidant are provided into furnace 1 at flowrates such that the stoichiometric ratio of primary oxygen to fuel is less than 70 percent and preferably is within the range of from 5 to 50 percent of stoichiometric.
  • At least one of the fuel and primary oxidant are injected into furnace 1 at a velocity exceeding 100 feet per second (fps), preferably within the range of from 150 to 300 fps, in order to impart the requisite momentum to the combustion reactants.
  • the fuel and primary oxidant combust within furnace 1 in a combustion reaction 5 to produce heat and combustion reaction products.
  • Combustion reaction products may include products of complete combustion but, owing to the defined substoichiometric primary oxygen to fuel ratio, will include unburned fuel.
  • the incomplete combustion of the fuel with the primary oxidant enables the combustion of fuel and primary oxidant to proceed at a substantially lower temperature than would otherwise be the case, thus reducing the tendency of NOx to form.
  • the combustion reaction products may also include some residual oxygen because of incomplete mixing and short residence time during the combustion reaction although it is possible that the concentration of oxygen within the combustion reaction products is zero.
  • secondary oxidant 8 is provided within furnace 1 through lance 10 between point 3 and charge 2 to form secondary oxidant gas layer 9 proximate charge 2 and between combustion reaction 5 and charge 2.
  • the secondary oxidant is preferably injected into the furnace at a point below point 3 although it may be provided into the furnace at the same level or even above point 3 and angled downward toward the charge.
  • the secondary oxidant may be provided into the furnace from a point vertically below the fuel and primary oxidant, or from a point offset from the vertical, such as by an angle of up to 45 degrees.
  • secondary oxidant 8 is provided within furnace 1 through lance 10 above point 3.
  • the secondary oxidant is injected into the furnace at a point above point 3 although it may be provided into the furnace at the same level or even below point 3 and angled upward away from the charge.
  • the secondary oxidant may be provided into the furnace from a point vertically above the fuel and primary oxidant, or from a point offset from the vertical, such as by an angle of up to 45 degrees.
  • the secondary oxidant is in the form of a fluid having an oxygen concentration of at least 50 mole percent, preferably at least 90 mole percent.
  • the secondary oxidant may be commercially pure oxygen.
  • Secondary oxidant 8 is provided into furnace 1 at a velocity of at least 100 fps, and preferably at a velocity which the range of from 150 to 300 fps. It is important to the practice of this invention that the oxidant have an oxygen concentration significantly greater than that of air. For a given amount of fuel consumption, the total volume of gases passed through the furnace lessens as the oxygen concentration of the oxidant increases. This lower volume flux through the furnace, at the velocities required for the staged combustion practice of this invention, enables the establishment of the gas layer proximate the charge having a different composition than the contents in the rest of the furnace.
  • Secondary oxidant gas layer 9 has an oxygen concentration which exceeds that of the combustion reaction products within combustion reaction 5.
  • any suitable oxygen lance may be used to inject the secondary oxidant into the furnace in the practice of this invention, it is preferred that the secondary oxidant be injected into the furnace using the gas injection lance disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,295,816 to Kobayashi et al. which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the secondary oxidant is provided into the furnace at a flowrate such that, when added to the primary oxidant, establishes a stoichiometric ratio with the fuel of at least 90 percent, and preferably within the range of from 100 to 110 percent.
  • the stoichiometric ratio of the primary and secondary oxidant to the fuel is less than 100 percent, the remaining oxygen needed to achieve complete combustion of the fuel within the furnace may be provided by infiltrating air.
  • the momentum ratio of the fuel and primary oxidant stream to the secondary oxidant stream is about 1.0 although some divergence from unity is acceptable, such as a momentum ratio within the range of from 0.3 to 2.0 or less.
  • Heat generated in combustion reaction 5 radiates to the charge to heat the charge. This heat radiates from combustion reaction 5 to the charge either directly or through secondary oxidant gas layer 9. Very little heat is passed from the combustion reaction to the charge by convection.
  • the secondary oxidant and the unburned fuel will mix, such as in region 11 within furnace 1, thus serving to complete the combustion of the fuel and provide additional heat and combustion reaction products within the furnace.
  • the combustion reaction products in furnace 1 are exhausted from the furnace from a point not below point 3 where fuel and primary oxidant are provided into the furnace, such as from flue 12.
  • Xj/Ds exceeds 5 and preferably exceeds 10
  • Xc/Ds is less than 100 and preferably is less than 50.
  • Xj is the axial distance from the point where the secondary oxidant is injected into the furnace to the interaction point of the secondary oxidant with the fuel/primary oxidant combustion reaction stream. This interaction point is the point where the diverging cones with a half angle of 5 degrees from the fuel/primary oxidant and the secondary oxidant injection points first intersect.
  • Xc is the axial distance from the point where the secondary oxidant is injected into the furnace to the jet-charge interaction point which is defined as the point where a diverging cone with a half angle of 5 degrees from the secondary oxidant injection point first intersects with the charge surface.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
EP96109423A 1995-06-13 1996-06-12 Procédé de combustion étagée amélioré Expired - Lifetime EP0748982B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/079,164 US5924858A (en) 1995-06-13 1998-05-15 Staged combustion method

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/489,910 US5755818A (en) 1995-06-13 1995-06-13 Staged combustion method
US489910 1995-06-13

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0748982A2 true EP0748982A2 (fr) 1996-12-18
EP0748982A3 EP0748982A3 (fr) 1998-12-02
EP0748982B1 EP0748982B1 (fr) 2002-08-28

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96109423A Expired - Lifetime EP0748982B1 (fr) 1995-06-13 1996-06-12 Procédé de combustion étagée amélioré

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5755818A (fr)
EP (1) EP0748982B1 (fr)
BR (1) BR9602760A (fr)
DE (1) DE69623186T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2181825T3 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0947768A1 (fr) * 1998-04-02 1999-10-06 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Procédé de combustion par injections séparées du combustible et du comburant
EP1342042A4 (fr) * 2000-11-20 2006-12-06 Metso Minerals Ind Inc Injection d'air permettant de reduire l'oxyde d'azote et d'obtenir une meilleure qualite de produit
WO2009038849A3 (fr) * 2007-06-29 2009-06-04 Praxair Technology Inc Combustion étagée à faible vitesse pour le contrôle de l'atmosphère d'un four
WO2011005702A1 (fr) 2009-07-06 2011-01-13 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Procédé de traitement de matières oxydables

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FR2722272B1 (fr) 1994-07-08 1996-08-23 Air Liquide Ensemble de combustion pour un four et procede de mise en oeuvre
US6200128B1 (en) * 1997-06-09 2001-03-13 Praxair Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for recovering sensible heat from a hot exhaust gas
US6113386A (en) * 1998-10-09 2000-09-05 North American Manufacturing Company Method and apparatus for uniformly heating a furnace
US6705117B2 (en) 1999-08-16 2004-03-16 The Boc Group, Inc. Method of heating a glass melting furnace using a roof mounted, staged combustion oxygen-fuel burner
US6422041B1 (en) 1999-08-16 2002-07-23 The Boc Group, Inc. Method of boosting a glass melting furnace using a roof mounted oxygen-fuel burner
US7168269B2 (en) * 1999-08-16 2007-01-30 The Boc Group, Inc. Gas injection for glass melting furnace to reduce refractory degradation
US6290492B1 (en) 2000-02-15 2001-09-18 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Method of reducing NOx emission from multi-zone reheat furnaces
US20020127505A1 (en) * 2001-01-11 2002-09-12 Hisashi Kobayashi Oxygen enhanced low nox combustion
US7225746B2 (en) * 2002-05-15 2007-06-05 Praxair Technology, Inc. Low NOx combustion
EP1504219B1 (fr) * 2002-05-15 2016-08-10 Praxair Technology, Inc. Combustion avec teneur reduite en carbone dans la cendre
FR2863692B1 (fr) * 2003-12-16 2009-07-10 Air Liquide Procede de combustion etagee avec injection optimisee de l'oxydant primaire
US20070231761A1 (en) * 2006-04-03 2007-10-04 Lee Rosen Integration of oxy-fuel and air-fuel combustion
US20100159409A1 (en) * 2006-06-05 2010-06-24 Richardson Andrew P Non-centric oxy-fuel burner for glass melting systems
US20070281264A1 (en) * 2006-06-05 2007-12-06 Neil Simpson Non-centric oxy-fuel burner for glass melting systems
SE531957C2 (sv) * 2006-06-09 2009-09-15 Aga Ab Förfarande för lansning av syrgas vid en industriugn med konventionell brännare
FR2927409B1 (fr) * 2008-02-11 2013-01-04 Air Liquide Procede de chauffage d'un cru mineral dans un four de cuisson de type four tunnel
DE102008029512B4 (de) 2008-06-21 2012-08-30 Messer Austria Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Befeuern eines Drehrohrofens
EP2440501A2 (fr) * 2009-06-12 2012-04-18 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. Four et procédé de commande de l'état d'oxydation de matières fondues
US8915733B2 (en) 2010-11-11 2014-12-23 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Selective adjustment of heat flux for increased uniformity of heating a charge material in a tilt rotary furnace
EA027085B1 (ru) * 2011-10-03 2017-06-30 Сэн-Гобэн Амбаллаж Камера сгорания со сниженными выбросами
US10859260B2 (en) * 2017-10-13 2020-12-08 Praxair Technology, Inc. Reduced fouling in staged combustion

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US4957050A (en) * 1989-09-05 1990-09-18 Union Carbide Corporation Combustion process having improved temperature distribution
US5076779A (en) * 1991-04-12 1991-12-31 Union Carbide Industrial Gases Technology Corporation Segregated zoning combustion
US5209656A (en) * 1991-08-29 1993-05-11 Praxair Technology, Inc. Combustion system for high velocity gas injection
US5186617A (en) * 1991-11-06 1993-02-16 Praxair Technology, Inc. Recirculation and plug flow combustion method
DE4142401C2 (de) * 1991-12-20 1999-01-21 Linde Ag Verfahren zum Betrieb einer auf einem oder mehreren Brennern basierenden Beheizung eines Ofens
US5176086A (en) * 1992-03-16 1993-01-05 Praxair Technology, Inc. Method for operating an incinerator with simultaneous control of temperature and products of incomplete combustion
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US5267850A (en) * 1992-06-04 1993-12-07 Praxair Technology, Inc. Fuel jet burner
US5242296A (en) * 1992-12-08 1993-09-07 Praxair Technology, Inc. Hybrid oxidant combustion method
US5383782A (en) * 1993-04-21 1995-01-24 The Boc Group, Inc. Gas-lance apparatus and method
US5431559A (en) * 1993-07-15 1995-07-11 Maxon Corporation Oxygen-fuel burner with staged oxygen supply
US5439373A (en) * 1993-09-13 1995-08-08 Praxair Technology, Inc. Luminous combustion system
US5387100A (en) * 1994-02-17 1995-02-07 Praxair Technology, Inc. Super off-stoichiometric combustion method
US5601425A (en) * 1994-06-13 1997-02-11 Praxair Technology, Inc. Staged combustion for reducing nitrogen oxides

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0947768A1 (fr) * 1998-04-02 1999-10-06 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Procédé de combustion par injections séparées du combustible et du comburant
FR2777068A1 (fr) * 1998-04-02 1999-10-08 Air Liquide Procede de combustion par injections separees du combustible et du comburant
US6159003A (en) * 1998-04-02 2000-12-12 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Combustion process using separate injections of fuel and of oxidizer
EP1342042A4 (fr) * 2000-11-20 2006-12-06 Metso Minerals Ind Inc Injection d'air permettant de reduire l'oxyde d'azote et d'obtenir une meilleure qualite de produit
WO2009038849A3 (fr) * 2007-06-29 2009-06-04 Praxair Technology Inc Combustion étagée à faible vitesse pour le contrôle de l'atmosphère d'un four
JP2010532461A (ja) * 2007-06-29 2010-10-07 プラクスエア・テクノロジー・インコーポレイテッド 炉の雰囲気制御のための低速多段燃焼
WO2011005702A1 (fr) 2009-07-06 2011-01-13 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Procédé de traitement de matières oxydables
US8404018B2 (en) 2009-07-06 2013-03-26 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Burner and method for processing oxidizable materials

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69623186T2 (de) 2003-04-03
ES2181825T3 (es) 2003-03-01
BR9602760A (pt) 1999-10-13
US5755818A (en) 1998-05-26
EP0748982B1 (fr) 2002-08-28
EP0748982A3 (fr) 1998-12-02
DE69623186D1 (de) 2002-10-02

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