EP0759648A2 - Connecteur électrique - Google Patents

Connecteur électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0759648A2
EP0759648A2 EP96112491A EP96112491A EP0759648A2 EP 0759648 A2 EP0759648 A2 EP 0759648A2 EP 96112491 A EP96112491 A EP 96112491A EP 96112491 A EP96112491 A EP 96112491A EP 0759648 A2 EP0759648 A2 EP 0759648A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrical
conductor
recess
receptacle
contact means
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96112491A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0759648A3 (fr
EP0759648B1 (fr
Inventor
Athula Perera
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TE Connectivity Germany GmbH
Original Assignee
Krone GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Krone GmbH filed Critical Krone GmbH
Publication of EP0759648A2 publication Critical patent/EP0759648A2/fr
Publication of EP0759648A3 publication Critical patent/EP0759648A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0759648B1 publication Critical patent/EP0759648B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R9/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, e.g. terminal strips or terminal blocks; Terminals or binding posts mounted upon a base or in a case; Bases therefor
    • H01R9/03—Connectors arranged to contact a plurality of the conductors of a multiconductor cable, e.g. tapping connections
    • H01R9/031—Connectors arranged to contact a plurality of the conductors of a multiconductor cable, e.g. tapping connections for multiphase cables, e.g. with contact members penetrating insulation of a plurality of conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/24—Connections using contact members penetrating or cutting insulation or cable strands
    • H01R4/2475—Connections using contact members penetrating or cutting insulation or cable strands the contact members penetrating the insulation being actuated by screws, nuts or bolts
    • H01R4/2483—Connections using contact members penetrating or cutting insulation or cable strands the contact members penetrating the insulation being actuated by screws, nuts or bolts penetrating the area under the screw tip
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S411/00—Expanded, threaded, driven, headed, tool-deformed, or locked-threaded fastener
    • Y10S411/924—Coupled nut and bolt
    • Y10S411/929—Thread lock
    • Y10S411/93—Flowing metal or settable material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical connector for establishing an electrical connection with an insulated electrical conductor.
  • This outer jacket can cause difficulties when connecting such cables, since it was previously necessary to make good electrical contact with the conductor or the conductors of the cable to have access to at least a certain axial length of the conductor at the end of the cable. This requires removing a length of insulation from the cable to facilitate electrical connection to the underlying conductor or conductors. Stripping the insulation layer can be a tedious and time-consuming task for power cables, since these cables can have diameters of a few millimeters to centimeters with an insulation layer a few millimeters thick.
  • the contact means is a rotatable screw component that is accommodated in the conductor holder.
  • the recess for receiving the electrical conductor is provided with a conical recess opposite the point where the contact means is provided, so that part of the line is pressed into the conical recess to facilitate holding when the contact means cuts the insulating cover of the conductor is moved.
  • this arrangement is not suitable for heavier cables, in which considerable forces would be required for the necessary deformation of the cable into the recess.
  • the cable can be acted upon by an opposite contact means, for example an opposite fixed projection or the like, as described in UK 1172119, DE 1259993, FR 2021510, US 3816817 and DE 1928341.
  • the cable is acted upon on one side by an electrical contact means which penetrates into the cable sheath, and at the opposite end of the sheath wedges are provided on another part of the connector for contact with the conductors of the cable.
  • the wedges are made of insulating material or are otherwise insulated so as not to provide a conductive path.
  • transverse parts are mounted on a movable element opposite to the contact element.
  • the conductor receptacle has a housing with a substantially cylindrical or contoured hole or passage, this hole or passage forming the depression.
  • the electrical contact means can then extend from the outside through a housing wall, so that the end part protrudes into the recess when in use.
  • the insulated conductor part can be inserted into the recess and the contact means can be adjusted so that it protrudes into the recess and thereby displaces or pierces the adjacent insulation, establishes an electrical connection to the underlying electrical conductor and at the same time the insulated conductor part in the recess stuck.
  • the cross section of the recess is advantageously dimensioned such that an insulated conductor part can be inserted with only a small clearance between the outer surface of the insulating layer and the inner surface of the recess.
  • the contact means has an external screw thread for cooperation with an internally threaded passage in the conductor receptacle, rotation of the contact means causing relative movement between the contact means and the receptacle, thereby causing the end part of the contact means to produce the said electrical connection with an inserted insulated conductor to protrude into the recess.
  • the contact means can be subjected to such a relative movement under the action of a suitable drive means and can be held in the electrical connection position by means of a biasing spring or the elasticity of the entire device.
  • the contact means provided with a screw thread cooperates with a spring-loaded block which is biased towards the recess and which assists in maintaining electrical contact after the insulation has been drilled through.
  • the relative movement between the threaded contact means and the receptacle causes displacement, cutting and drilling through the insulation both at the end part of the contact means and on projections provided with cutting edges in the depression of the contact receptacle.
  • the end part of the contact means can be provided with a cutting surface which cuts into the insulation in order to support the end part when drilling through or moving the insulating layer.
  • the contact means can be in the form of a threaded pin or the like with an essentially round end and a radially or axially running cutting edge.
  • a connecting mass can be provided on the end part of the contact means to assist in establishing and maintaining an electrical connection between the contact means and the electrical conductor.
  • the end part of the contact means can be provided with one or more cavities, which are filled with a connecting compound before an electrical contact is made with an electrical conductor.
  • a cavity filled with connecting compound can also be provided where the contact means interacts with the conductor receptacle in order to be able to maintain reliable electrical contact between them.
  • the outer edge of this cavity serves in addition to the others radially or axially running cutting edges on the contact means also as a cutting edge during the cutting, drilling and shifting process.
  • a single contact means can be used, or alternatively, multiple contact means can be provided in a single conductor receptacle, which can be offset in their angular position and / or axially on the recess make multiple electrical connections to the conductor.
  • a plurality of separate conductors are arranged in a single insulated line, for example at different angular positions relative to the line axis.
  • the electrical connector according to the present invention can be used to separately connect to a plurality of said conductors by a plurality of angularly displaced contact means on the recess having an angular spacing substantially equal to that of the conductors in the lead is provided.
  • the invention also provides a method of making an electrical connection with an insulated electrical conductor, comprising the steps of providing an electrically conductive receptacle with a recess for receiving an insulated portion of an electrical conductor, said recess having transverse, integrally formed cutting edge protrusions, creating a contact means electrically coupled to the conductor receptacle and movable relative to the receptacle so that an end portion thereof may protrude into said recess on an opposite side to said projections, inserting an insulated portion of an electrical conductor into said recess and displacing it of the contact means relative to the receptacle so that it can penetrate into an insulating layer of the insulated conductor part and make electrical contact with the underlying electrical conductor and causes the said cutting edges Drill holes in the insulating layer to make electrical contact with the electrical conductor.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional way of making electrical contact with an insulated line 4, which comprises a core 6 consisting of an electrical conductor, which can be formed from a multiplicity of strands and is covered with an insulating cover 8.
  • the conventional electrical connector 2 consists of a connector body 10 which is provided with a cylindrical hole 12 therein for receiving the conductor core 6.
  • the cross section of the cylindrical hole 12 is dimensioned such that it is matched to the inserted conductor core 6.
  • the cylindrical hole 12 is provided with an electrically conductive coating which covers at least a part of the inner surface of the hole.
  • an electrical connection between the conductive coating of the hole and the Conductor core 6 of the electrical line 4 is formed.
  • a clamping pin or screw 14 is provided which is passed through a wall of the connector body 10 so that one end thereof acts on the conductor core 6 inserted into the cylindrical hole 12.
  • line 4 can be several millimeters to centimeters thick with an insulating layer a few millimeters thick, removing part of the insulating layer can be a time-consuming and tedious task, for example requires a manual cutting tool.
  • the embodiments of the present invention which are described in more detail below, provide the advantage that it is not necessary to remove the insulating layer from an insulated electrical line in order to establish an electrical connection with the conductor or the conductors in the line. Furthermore, an advantage in the physical connection between the line and the connector can be achieved in that both the conductor core itself and the insulating jacket of the line interact physically.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section through an electrical connector 20 constructed according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the connector shown in FIG. 2 is designed to establish a connection between two insulated electrical lines.
  • the electrical connector 20 comprises a receptacle in the form of a connection block 22 with two cylindrical depressions 26 shown in cross section for receiving electrical lines.
  • a plurality of passages 27 are also present in the connection block 22, which extend between the outside of the block 22 and respective recesses 26.
  • the passages 27 run in the transverse direction and essentially perpendicular to the depressions 26.
  • the passages 27 are provided with an internal screw thread 38.
  • the internal screw thread 38 of the passages 27 allows that a contact element 24 in the form of a pin with a suitable external screw thread 39 is received in a passage 27 of the connection block 22.
  • Each contact element 24 is constructed with an end part 34 with a profile that is rounded in this example. By screwing the contact element 24 into the passage 27, its end part can protrude into the corresponding recess 26.
  • the cross section of each recess 26 is dimensioned such that it receives an insulated electrical line 28 which has a conductor core formed from strands 30 and an outer jacket made of an insulating layer 32.
  • a section of the line is inserted into a recess 26 to such an extent that part of the line comes to lie adjacent to the line of intersection of the recess 26 and a passage 27.
  • a contact element 24 inserted into the passage 27 is moved to the recess 27 by a screwing operation until the end part 34 of the contact element hits the outer surface of the insulating layer 32 of the line.
  • the contact element 24 is then moved further to the axis of the line 28 held in the passage 26, so that the end part 34 of the contact element presses into the insulating jacket and at some point penetrates the insulating layer, as a result of which contact with the conductor strands 30 at the core of the line 28 and thus electrical Connection between the conductor strands 30 and the end part 34 of the contact element 24 is established.
  • the penetration of the insulating jacket through the contact element brings about a certain deformation of the line part and can also bring about a deformation of the connection block 22 of a smaller extent.
  • This deformation has an at least partially elastic nature, which assists in clamping the line part within the recess 26 of the electrical connector. Furthermore, since the end part 34 of the contact element is held in a position in which it isolates the insulating jacket 32 pierced, the jacket itself anchored to the electrical connector 20 as the conductor itself.
  • the line shown in the upper recess in FIG. 2 is in electrical contact with two contact elements 24 which, as shown, drill through the insulating jacket 32 from the left and right in the drawing.
  • the conductor strands 30 of the line are pressed together by the contact elements in the depression and make electrical contact with the surface of the end parts 34 of the contact elements.
  • the line in the lower recess in FIG. 2 is shown before an electrical connection has been made to it, the relevant contact elements 24 having not yet been moved forward in the passages 27 in order to protrude into the recess 26.
  • an external electrical connection can be made with the contact element 24.
  • One way in which the external connection can be achieved is to construct a structure 38 of the passage 27 with an internal screw thread made of a conductive material, whereby an electrical connection between the contact element 24 and the conductive thread structure 38 by contact between the intermeshing internal and external thread 38, 39 is produced.
  • This conductive thread structure can in turn be connected, for example, to a circuit breaker connection or the like, which can be contained in the same structure as the connection block 22.
  • the end part 34 of the contact element In order to support the end part 34 of the contact element when drilling through the insulating jacket of an electrical line, the end part can be provided with one or more cutting edges or profiles.
  • An end part 34 of a contact element 24 is enlarged in Fig. 3 shows where a spiral portion 44 has been removed from the rounded end portion to form a cutting edge 46. It goes without saying that many different types of cutting edges on the end part 34 are suitable for penetrating the contact element 24 through the insulating layer 32.
  • the contact element 24 shown in the lower left quadrant of the electrical connector is provided with an axially extending cavity 36, which is open on the end surface of the end part 34. This is shown in more detail on the contact element in FIG. 3.
  • a cavity 36 can be provided in the contact element 24, which is open to the end part 34 and is filled with a connecting compound before use.
  • Further cavities filled with connecting compound can also be provided, which open towards the screw internal thread surface 38 in order to facilitate a better electrical connection between the screw thread surfaces of the terminal block 22 and the contact element 24.
  • the edge of the cavity 36 on the surface 34 also serves as a cutting edge for shifting and drilling through the insulating jacket 32. This cavity edge allows a considerable reduction in the drilling forces to be exerted by the contact element on the outside of the line.
  • FIG. 4 shows an alternative electrical connector assembly 50, with a portion of a terminal block 52 and a line 56 with multiple conductors shown in cross section.
  • a large number of separate conductors are provided within the same insulating jacket.
  • a line for carrying three-phase current can have four separate conductors within the same line, one for each phase and one earth conductor.
  • the separate conductors can be arranged within the insulating jacket in different angular positions relative to one another about the line axis.
  • FIG. 4 shows a line 56 of this type with a plurality of conductors 62a, 62b, 62c and 62d within an insulating jacket 60.
  • the electrical connector 50 is shown, which is usually completely, as with the connector 20 in FIG 2 shown to extend around the circumference of line 56.
  • the portion 52 of the connector is shown with lead 56 in the recess 54 of the electrical connector so that a lead 62a of the lead is aligned with a passage 68 formed by terminal block 52.
  • the opening of this passage 68 to the recess 54 is widened at 78 to accommodate a spring biasing means with a block 76 and a screw-threaded hole and a spring means 80.
  • the spring means 80 is positioned between a flange surface of the enlarged passage 78 and the block 76 and acts to push the block 76 toward the surface of the conduit 56 in the recess 54.
  • a contact member 64 has an outer head portion 72 that allows the contact member to rotate, a shaft 70 that passes through passageway 68 formed in connector body 52, a threaded shaft portion 74 that engages the threaded hole in block 76, and an end portion 66, which can protrude into the recess 54, such as described above.
  • the operation of the electrical connector 50 described in FIG. 4 is essentially the same as that of the electrical connector 20 shown in FIG.
  • a spring preload is provided on the contact element 64 by the spring means 80 acting on the block 76, with which the Contact element 64 is engaged via the thread.
  • This spring preload acts in such a way that the end part 66 of the contact element is pressed towards the conductor 62, so as to ensure the maintenance of a reliable, stable and good electrical connection therewith.
  • FIG. 4 shows only the connection to a single conductor 62 from the plurality of conductors in the line 56, it is possible to provide the electrical connector 50 with a plurality of contact elements 64 at different angular positions that correspond to the positions of the respective conductors in FIG correspond to the line. In this way, it is possible to provide an electrical connector 50 that connects to each of the conductors in a multi-core line or to any one or more of the conductors as desired. It should not be forgotten that the conductors in a multi-core line can have additional insulating layers, such as for example the individual insulating layers 61, which the contact element 64 must pierce through in order to establish an electrical connection with one of the conductors.
  • connection block 22 is provided with a recess 26 into which contact elements 24 can protrude.
  • the recess 26 has a larger cross section, in which the contact elements can be moved, and the surface of the recess opposite the contact elements is included
  • the recess 26 is enlarged so that the line 28 can be inserted therein via the projections 90.
  • the electrical connector 20 shown in Figs. 6 and 7 operates in a similar manner to that previously described.
  • the connector 100 includes an electrically conductive receptacle 122 in the form of a terminal block with an approximately cylindrical recess 124 therein that extends inwardly from a front surface 122a of the receptacle 122.
  • the recess has two opposite semicircular parts 124a, 124b, which are connected by straight-line parts 124c, 124d (FIG. 6). This configuration results from the method of forming the recess, which is described below.
  • a passage 127 with a screw thread is provided in the receptacle 122 and extends inwards from a side surface 122b of the receptacle 122.
  • An electrically conductive contact element 126 similar to the contact elements described above is screwed into the passage 127 and can thus be moved forwards or backwards by rotating it.
  • the axis of the passage 127 is perpendicular to the longitudinal orientation of the recess 124 and is aligned in a plane 128 (FIG. 6) about which the cross section of the recess is symmetrical.
  • the passage 127 enters the recess 124 at a location that is central to the semicircular portion 124a of the cross section of the passage is arranged as also shown in Fig. 6.
  • the contact element 126 consists of electrically conductive material and is thus electrically coupled to the receptacle 122.
  • the depression 124 as shown in FIG. 7, has an outer portion 130 that is relatively flat and has a slightly larger cross-section compared to an inner portion 132 of the depression.
  • the passage 127 enters the recess at section 132, approximately in the middle of its length.
  • the projections 134 are of a substantially semicircular shape, viewed in the direction of expansion of the depression 124, and extend transversely (for example at 90 °) to the direction of expansion of the depression 124.
  • the protrusions 134 have been found to significantly improve the performance of the connector. This is particularly important if, as is customary, the line to be connected is in the form of a number of essentially axially extending strands. In the case that the inner surface of the recess is made without protrusions or the like, the contact pressure with the connector receptacle tends to decrease with time due to elastic deformation effects. This is especially the case if insulation or other compliant or weak materials are contained in the pipe, which can lead to a situation that initially a strong clamping effect is achieved, but then, under continued pressure from the clamping, these materials will eventually collapse or be compressed such that the clamping force is reduced, possibly to an unacceptable value.
  • the provision of the described cutting edge projections 134 has the effect that the tips of the projections, which extend transversely to the line, drill through the insulation of the line and are brought into particularly firm connection with the line strands during the clamping process. It has been found that this significantly reduces the tendency to relax over time. Because the protrusions 134 are integrally formed with the receptacle 122, there is no tendency for the protrusions to move relative to the receptacle, so that a firm grip is achieved. At the same time, the good electrical connection, for example between the projections 135 and the contact element 126 and the line, also achieved via the receptacle 122, ensures a good electrical connection to the line.
  • FIG. 7 is substantially circular in cross-section, as shown in FIG. 7, except on the downwardly extended portion opposite the position of the passage 127 where the projections 134 are located.
  • 10 shows a tool 140 suitable for forming the depression 124 in this form.
  • Tool 140 is an elongated member with a pin 142 and a cutting portion 144 extending therefrom.
  • the cutting part 144 has a first flat, cylindrical part 146 with cutting teeth both on its side edge and on a front surface 147.
  • An intermediate portion 148 of the cutting portion 144 extends from the portion 146 and has a series of peripheral beads 150 spaced along its axis. This Bumps have a profile complementary to the profile of the protrusions 134.
  • Cutting edges 153 are formed on part 146 by interrupting beads 150 through longitudinal channels 151 above part 148.
  • the cutting part 144 has a tip part 152 of flat, cylindrical shape and with channels 156 therein to define cutting teeth 154 on the back and front end surface 155.
  • Part 152 has the same diameter as the maximum diameter of part 148, but somewhat less than the diameter of part 146.
  • FIG. 8 shows the use of the tool 140 to form the recess 124.
  • the tool 140 is axially advanced with rotation, and its part 144 cuts into the receptacle 122 and forms a circular recess 158
  • the cutting teeth on the front end surface 155 cooperate with the teeth on the side of the tip part 152 to effect this cutting operation.
  • the recess 158 thus formed has an inner part which is formed in this way and an outer part which is formed by the teeth on the side and the front surfaces of the part 146.
  • the depth of the outer portion is equal to the depth of the depression portion 130 of the final depression 124, and the depth of the inner portion corresponds to the depth of the depression portion 132 of the final depression 124.
  • the tool 140 is moved sideways while maintaining the rotation (looking downwards in FIG. 9).
  • part 144 continues to cut material from the receptacle 122, both along the inner end of the recess 158 and on its side.
  • the cutting teeth 153 formed on the part 148 also cut into the side surface of the depression 158 and form the projections 134.
  • the passage 127 is formed and screwed to receive the contact member 126.
  • the connector 100 can be used in the same manner as that previously described, and in particular the contact element can be formed with an inner end part, provided with cutting edges and profiled as described.
  • the contact element can be formed with an inner end part, provided with cutting edges and profiled as described.
  • the shape may be hemispherical and contain one or more cavities, such as the cavity 36 previously described, and filled with bonding compound.

Landscapes

  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
  • Connector Housings Or Holding Contact Members (AREA)
  • Connections By Means Of Piercing Elements, Nuts, Or Screws (AREA)
  • Multi-Conductor Connections (AREA)
  • Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
EP96112491A 1995-08-23 1996-08-02 Connecteur électrique Expired - Lifetime EP0759648B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPN4994/95 1995-08-23
AUPN499495 1995-08-23
AUPN4994A AUPN499495A0 (en) 1995-08-23 1995-08-23 Electrical connector

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0759648A2 true EP0759648A2 (fr) 1997-02-26
EP0759648A3 EP0759648A3 (fr) 1999-01-27
EP0759648B1 EP0759648B1 (fr) 2003-03-26

Family

ID=3789322

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96112491A Expired - Lifetime EP0759648B1 (fr) 1995-08-23 1996-08-02 Connecteur électrique

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US5816844A (fr)
EP (1) EP0759648B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE235746T1 (fr)
AU (1) AUPN499495A0 (fr)
BR (1) BR9603511A (fr)
DE (1) DE59610259D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0759648T3 (fr)
MY (1) MY120508A (fr)
ZA (1) ZA967136B (fr)

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DE19911415A1 (de) * 1999-03-15 2000-05-18 Siemens Ag Kabelanschlußeinrichtung zur abisolierfreien Kontaktierung eines Kabels
EP2375505A1 (fr) * 2010-04-10 2011-10-12 Woertz AG Dispositif de raccordement et ensemble d'installation pour une installation électrique dotée d'un fonctionnement continu en cas d'incendie
US8636538B2 (en) 2010-04-10 2014-01-28 Woertz Ag Connection device and installation kit for electrical installation with circuit integrity in case of fire
CN102882025A (zh) * 2012-10-25 2013-01-16 苏州云博信息技术有限公司 一种免剥线接线装置及方法
CN102882025B (zh) * 2012-10-25 2015-03-25 苏州云博信息技术有限公司 一种免剥线接线装置及方法
DE102021128799A1 (de) 2021-11-05 2023-05-11 Arcus Elektrotechnik Alois Schiffmann Gmbh Kabelabzweigklemme zum elektrischen verbinden eines hauptleiters mit einem abzweigleiter

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MY120508A (en) 2005-11-30
ATE235746T1 (de) 2003-04-15
ZA967136B (en) 1998-02-23
BR9603511A (pt) 1998-05-12
EP0759648A3 (fr) 1999-01-27
EP0759648B1 (fr) 2003-03-26
US5816844A (en) 1998-10-06
DE59610259D1 (de) 2003-04-30
AUPN499495A0 (en) 1995-09-14
DK0759648T3 (da) 2003-06-10

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