EP0760584A2 - Système de transmission électrique avec un réseau de distribution à large bande pour signaux TV et audio et avec une possibilité pour des services interactifs - Google Patents

Système de transmission électrique avec un réseau de distribution à large bande pour signaux TV et audio et avec une possibilité pour des services interactifs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0760584A2
EP0760584A2 EP96113505A EP96113505A EP0760584A2 EP 0760584 A2 EP0760584 A2 EP 0760584A2 EP 96113505 A EP96113505 A EP 96113505A EP 96113505 A EP96113505 A EP 96113505A EP 0760584 A2 EP0760584 A2 EP 0760584A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signals
regenerator
return channel
channel device
transmission system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96113505A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0760584B1 (fr
EP0760584A3 (fr
Inventor
Rolf Dr. Heidemann
Heinz G. Krimmel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Original Assignee
Alcatel SEL AG
Alcatel NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alcatel SEL AG, Alcatel NV filed Critical Alcatel SEL AG
Publication of EP0760584A2 publication Critical patent/EP0760584A2/fr
Publication of EP0760584A3 publication Critical patent/EP0760584A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0760584B1 publication Critical patent/EP0760584B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
    • H04H20/38—Arrangements for distribution where lower stations, e.g. receivers, interact with the broadcast
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
    • H04H20/65—Arrangements characterised by transmission systems for broadcast
    • H04H20/76—Wired systems
    • H04H20/77—Wired systems using carrier waves
    • H04H20/78—CATV [Community Antenna Television] systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H60/00—Arrangements for broadcast applications with a direct linking to broadcast information or broadcast space-time; Broadcast-related systems
    • H04H60/76—Arrangements characterised by transmission systems other than for broadcast, e.g. the Internet
    • H04H60/81—Arrangements characterised by transmission systems other than for broadcast, e.g. the Internet characterised by the transmission system itself
    • H04H60/93—Wired transmission systems
    • H04H60/96—CATV systems
    • H04H60/97—CATV systems using uplink of the CATV systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/10—Adaptations for transmission by electrical cable
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/10—Adaptations for transmission by electrical cable
    • H04N7/102—Circuits therefor, e.g. noise reducers, equalisers, amplifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
    • H04N7/173—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems with two-way working, e.g. subscriber sending a programme selection signal
    • H04N7/17309—Transmission or handling of upstream communications

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a transmission system according to the preamble of claim 1 and a return channel device for such a transmission system.
  • the return channel device is the subject of claim 5.
  • Such a transmission system is e.g. B. a broadband distribution network, which is known from H. Hessenmüller et al, "Access Network Structures for Interactive Video Services", Part 1, The Telecommunications Engineer, Volume 48, August 1994.
  • BK networks broadband distribution networks, which are also referred to as BK networks, and which have 3 A-cable lines, B-cable lines, C-cable lines and D-cable lines defined in network level 3 ( Figure 3).
  • the C cable lines contain the last active elements of network level 3, the C amplifiers. In the BK network, these are the network operators' nearest amplifiers.
  • the D-cable lines which represent connection network sections, begin at the branches of C cable lines and each end at a transfer point.
  • a higher-level BK repeater station all television and radio programs are combined into a uniform range of programs and distributed to the user-supplied BK repeater stations, which are usually located in local exchanges. From the BK repeater stations, the television and radio programs are distributed downwards to the participants (customers).
  • SoD service-on-demand
  • B. video-on-demand (VoD) a (physical) return channel for signal transmission in the uplink direction must be provided in each BK network.
  • SoD service-on-demand
  • a return channel and a control channel are required for an interaction between the service provider and a subscriber.
  • the return channel supports, among other things, the identification of the customer, the connection and disconnection and the interaction of the customer with the SoD switching center and the server.
  • Each customer has an individual return channel available for the duration of the use of the service.
  • a frequency range of approx. 5 - 30 MHz is specified for the return channels and a frequency range of approx. 40 - 300 MHz (450 MHz, hyperband) for the television channels.
  • One requirement for the return channel is e.g. B. that the response time until a command entered via a terminal (television with a set-top box) remains within reasonable limits.
  • FIG. 12 A two-stage return channel concept is shown in Figure 12. Based on the general structure of a BK network, a return channel transmitter with an access control is arranged in a C amplifier. ATM is mentioned as the transmission method.
  • the return channel data of all end devices of the relevant network segment are summarized in the time-division multiplex method, cell-structured and provided with a node-specific address. Cell multiplexers are located at nodes of the network with a branching function in the downward direction.
  • the BK network based on coaxial cable is used up to the user-side amplifier point.
  • the BK network must be "back-channel capable", i. H. all amplifiers present in the BK network must let signals (upward signals) propagate in the upward direction through or regenerate them. This is done in that the upward signals in the return channel are guided past each individual amplifier with the help of switches or are actively amplified together. It is therefore very expensive to make existing BK networks "return channel capable". In addition, the downward signals are damped by each switch.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying an inexpensive transmission system in which television and radio signals are distributed over a broadband distribution network and in which there is a possibility for interactive services.
  • a transmission system that solves the problem is the subject of claim 1.
  • a central element of the transmission system according to the invention is a return channel device. Such a return channel device is the subject of claim 5.
  • Advantageous refinements of the invention are specified in the subclaims.
  • An advantage of the invention is that existing BK networks have to be changed only very slightly, namely z. B. only on the C-amplifiers and in the control center.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that new and possibly expanded frequency ranges of the passive C and D cable lines can be used both in the upward and in the downward direction, in order to provide an expanded range of services, without adapting the amplifiers or need to replace.
  • a first embodiment of a transmission system which, for. B. is an electrical transmission system in which a central station 1 and a plurality of subscriber terminals 26, hereinafter called terminals, are connected to a broadband distribution network 2, hereinafter referred to as the BK network.
  • the BK network 2 based on coaxial cable is well known, so that it is only indicated schematically and only one amplifier 10, which is also referred to as a C amplifier, is drawn.
  • a group of terminals 26 is connected to this subscriber-near amplifier 10 via a passive connection network section 11, also referred to as the C / D level; In Fig. 1, this is indicated by one of many buildings 3, in which one or more terminals 26 are located.
  • the terminals 26 are e.g. B. television sets with an associated designed for interactive services additional device, called set-top box, via the participants can request and control a service.
  • Set-top boxes are e.g. B. from the article "Standard for set-top boxes", Funkschau, No. 17/95, pages 42 to 44, known in which an overview of the functionality of set-top boxes is given.
  • control center 1 sends the television and radio signals corresponding to the usual standards to the subscriber terminals 26.
  • other signals for example data signals
  • the control center 1 can send subscriber-specific signals in order to send the subscribers z.
  • B. To offer feature films or audio programs (e.g. video on demand).
  • a network of video servers is present in the control center 1.
  • a return channel device 4 is connected to the passive connection network section 11 and has connections 5, 6 for lines 24, 25 connected to the connection network section 11.
  • the return channel device 4 also has a further connection 7, to which a two-wire line 21 is connected, which thereby indirectly connects the return channel device 4 to a connection 8 of the control center 1.
  • Indirect here means that the Return channel device 4 is connected directly to the two-wire line 21, but the two-wire line 21 can be connected with its other end to another transmission medium, for. B. to an optical fiber, so as to establish the connection with the control center 1.
  • the upward signals are first transmitted electrically via the two-wire line 21, electro-optically converted in an interface between the two-wire line 21 and the optical waveguide, and then optically transmitted to the control center 1.
  • the two-wire line 21 is a copper double wire, as is usually used for the telephone network.
  • the return channel device 4 is arranged together with the amplifier 10, the C-amplifier, at a common location (known as the C-amplifier point), in such a way that the lines 24, 25, viewed in the upward direction, before the amplifier 10 to the passive line network section 11 are connected.
  • the return channel device 4 can be arranged anywhere along the passive connection network section 11. The connection of the lines 24, 25 to the passive connection network section 11 takes place, for. B. by crossovers and adders, or generally by a duplexer.
  • each amplifier 10 may have a return channel device 4.
  • requests coming from the terminals 26 are divided into packets (or blocks), and each of the packets is a sender information, e.g. B. a terminal identifier added.
  • Each package consists of a header with the address details and a part for user information (payload).
  • For communication between the terminals 26 and the return channel device 4 comes z. B. the known Aloha protocol or the "slotted" Aloha protocol for use. However, it is also possible to use other known protocols.
  • the packets are transmitted using the TDMA procedure.
  • the end devices send the requests independently of one another (Aloha protocol), it is a task of the return channel device 4 according to the invention to check these uncoordinated requests already at the C level to determine whether the individual packets are undisturbed and without mutual overlaps (collisions ) are received by the return channel device 4. If the return channel device 4 determines that one or more packets have not been received correctly, the return channel device 4 can request the relevant terminals 26 to repeat these packets as often as necessary. Only correctly received packets are sent from the return channel device 4 to the control center 1 via the two-wire line 21. The return channel device 4 can also be designed so that in principle every correctly received packet is acknowledged.
  • the return channel device 4 thus has, among other things, a regenerator and filter function close to the subscriber upstream of the central station 1, so that the central station 1 only receives faultless packets.
  • no protocol processing as described above is necessary in the control center 1;
  • the control center 1 is therefore not responsible for the detection of possible collisions.
  • This has the advantage that Waiting times of the participants until they receive responses to their requirements are reduced.
  • the return channel device 4 is arranged very close (typically ⁇ 300 m) to the terminals 26, runtimes in the passive access network section 11 are irrelevant and a high data throughput is guaranteed.
  • the upward signals which propagate in the two-wire line 21 and which propagate without collision can have a lower transmission speed with the same data throughput.
  • the structure of the return channel device 4 is explained below using the block diagram shown in FIG. 2.
  • the return channel device 4 there is a receiving device 12, a transmitting device 13, a regenerator 9 and a modulation and demodulation device 27.
  • the above-mentioned devices 12, 13, 27 and the regenerator 9 are connected to one another as follows:
  • the receiving device 12 is connected to the connection 5 of the return channel device 4 and receives the upward signals transmitted by the individual terminals 26, which are modulated onto a subcarrier.
  • An output 14 of the receiving device 12 is connected to an input 15 of the regenerator 9, to which the (demodulated) upward signals can thereby be supplied.
  • An output 17 of the regenerator 9 is connected to an input 16 of the transmission device 13, which is connected to the connection 6 of the return channel device 4.
  • An output 18 of the regenerator 9 is connected to an input 19 of the modulation and demodulation device 27, which has an input and output 20 connected to the connection 7.
  • the regenerator 9 receives the upward signals transmitted in the TDMA method from the receiving device 12 and sends signals to the transmitting device 13 in the TDM method.
  • the upward signals that one of the group of terminals common subcarrier (subcarrier) in the frequency band of z. B. 5 - 30 MHz are modulated, are demodulated by the receiving device 12, so that the upward signals are present after the demodulation in the baseband, for. B. as NRZ signals.
  • the receiving device 12 therefore essentially has the function of a demodulator.
  • the demodulated upward signals are fed to a control device 28 present in the regenerator 9, which controls the protocol used for the communication;
  • the function of the control device 28 is designated and drawn in as a protocol check in FIG. 2 for clarification.
  • the control device 28 checks whether the upward signals sent by the terminals 26 as packets are received undisturbed, i. i.e. whether the packets collide or whether errors occur within the packets. Since the control device 28 only allows undisturbed packets to pass through, it may have. a., as already mentioned, a filter function.
  • An output 35 of the control device 28 is connected to an input 34 of a correction device 30 which has an output 32 which is connected to the output 18 of the regenerator 9 and an input 33 of a receipt generator 31.
  • This correction device 30 is not always necessary; for this reason it is shown in dashed lines in FIG. 2. It is not necessary if minor individual errors are accepted during the transmission of the upward signals, the electrical transmission system is designed for a certain fault tolerance and the individual errors can be recognized and / or corrected at another point in the electrical transmission system. If no correction device 30 is required, the output 35 of the control device 28 is connected directly to the output 18 of the regenerator 9 and the input 31 of the receipt generator 31.
  • the receipt generator 31 generates receipt signals that are sent to the terminals 26 as a function of the packets checked by the control device 28. Depending on which protocol is being executed, an acknowledgment signal can mean that packets have collided and must therefore be sent again, or that the packets were received without interference.
  • the acknowledgment signals generated exit the receipt generator 31 at an output 36 and enter a frame device 29 at an input 37.
  • the frame device 29 prepares the received acknowledgment signals and possibly operating and useful information signals sent by the control center 1 via the two-wire line 21 in such a way that they are set in frames which correspond to the protocol used and transmitted to the output 17 of the regenerator 9 and then to the transmitting device 13 are sent.
  • the transmitting device 13 is a modulator which modulates a subcarrier by the acknowledgment signals and by the operating and useful information signals. As a result, these signals, the z. B. present as NRZ signals converted into RF signals. By choosing the subcarrier z. B. in the frequency band of 40 - 450/600 MHz a channel can be occupied.
  • the transmitting device 13 and the receiving device 12 can also be present more than once, so that there is a further device for each further possible service.
  • the modulation and demodulation device 27, hereinafter called the modem has the task, among other things, of processing the upward signals for transmission via the two-wire line 21.
  • Such preparation includes z. B. that the upward signals are provided with an error protection, in order to ensure a secure Ensure transmission.
  • Modems that can be connected to a two-wire line and their technical details (e.g. bit rate (64 kbit / s ISDN transmission in the baseband) and interface protocol (V.34)) are well known (see, for example, "V.34 modems with pitfalls "and” V.34 modems: tips & tricks ", Funkschau, No. 16/95, pages 54 to 58).
  • the protocol processing for the multiple access therefore takes place exclusively at the C / D level.
  • a powerful subcarrier modulation method is used in the C / D level. This also has the advantage that different modulation methods and protocols can be used side by side.
  • a network termination can be used for the ADSL technology instead of the modem.
  • Error protection is also implemented in ADSL technology, which detects errors in the received signal and can partially correct them.
  • z. B. uses a Reed-Solomon code. This is used to encode a bit stream to be sent before the bits are distributed to the individual subcarriers.
  • trellis coding can also be implemented for each of the subchannels, which guarantees additional interference immunity.
  • the known ADSL technology is used "in reverse", i. H. the upward signals are transmitted to the control center at the high bit rate, which makes new telecommunication services possible.
  • a network termination for the HDSL technology can also be used instead of the modem, which is also known from the publication mentioned in connection with the ADSL technology.
  • the HDSL technology is a bidirectional transmission of signals of the same bit rate, e.g. B. 2 Mbit / s.
  • the network termination for the HDSL technology also has a connection to the transmission device 13, so that the signals sent by the control center or one of several transmission devices 13 are directly below Bypass the regenerator 9.
  • FIG. 3 shows a second exemplary embodiment of an electrical transmission system, which is a modification of the electrical transmission system shown in FIG. 1.
  • Components of the electrical transmission system already shown in FIG. 1 have the same reference symbols in FIG. 3. The following will only go through the modification related changes in the electrical transmission system.
  • a two-wire line 22 is connected to the connection 7 of the return channel device 4 and establishes a connection to a switching device 23.
  • This switching device 23 is part of a network independent of the BK network 2.
  • Another change is that the already mentioned network termination for HDSL signals is present in the return channel device 4.
  • a bidirectional transmission of signals is thereby possible via both two-wire lines 21, 22; the bit rate of the signals is z. B. 2 Mbit / s. There is the possibility of bidirectional transmission of the signals up to the terminals 26.
  • the BK network 2 is unchanged only suitable and expanded for unidirectional transmission, namely from the control center 1 to the terminals 26.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
  • Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
  • Television Systems (AREA)
EP96113505A 1995-08-24 1996-08-22 Système de transmission électrique avec un réseau de distribution à large bande pour signaux TV et audio et avec une possibilité pour des services interactifs Expired - Lifetime EP0760584B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19531118 1995-08-24
DE19531118A DE19531118A1 (de) 1995-08-24 1995-08-24 Elektrisches Übertragungssystem, mit einem Breitbandverteilnetz für TV- und Audio-Signale, und mit einer Möglichkeit für interaktive Dienste

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0760584A2 true EP0760584A2 (fr) 1997-03-05
EP0760584A3 EP0760584A3 (fr) 1999-08-25
EP0760584B1 EP0760584B1 (fr) 2002-04-17

Family

ID=7770258

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96113505A Expired - Lifetime EP0760584B1 (fr) 1995-08-24 1996-08-22 Système de transmission électrique avec un réseau de distribution à large bande pour signaux TV et audio et avec une possibilité pour des services interactifs

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US6078950A (fr)
EP (1) EP0760584B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE216550T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU692713B2 (fr)
DE (2) DE19531118A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2174004T3 (fr)
NZ (1) NZ299098A (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001082618A3 (fr) * 2000-04-25 2002-04-11 Advanced Interactive Inc Systeme de cable a deux voies a retour sans bruit

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US6101180A (en) 1996-11-12 2000-08-08 Starguide Digital Networks, Inc. High bandwidth broadcast system having localized multicast access to broadcast content
US6378131B2 (en) * 1996-11-15 2002-04-23 Itt Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc. Local upstream hub for one-way cable system data/video/services requests
US6598232B1 (en) * 1998-11-10 2003-07-22 Nortel Networks Limited Hybrid amplifier-regenerator for optimizing cable network transmissions
US7607152B1 (en) 2000-01-26 2009-10-20 Cox Communications, Inc. Demand-cast system and bandwidth management for delivery of interactive programming
US20050147247A1 (en) * 2003-11-14 2005-07-07 Westberg Thomas E. Interactive television systems having POD modules and methods for use in the same
US20060248566A1 (en) * 2004-12-14 2006-11-02 Tibor Urbanek Amplifier for use with voice over internet protocol signal
US8656432B2 (en) * 2009-05-12 2014-02-18 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Providing audio signals using a network back-channel

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DE3416036A1 (de) * 1984-04-30 1985-10-31 Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Vermittlungs- und verteileinrichtung
US4754426A (en) * 1984-05-31 1988-06-28 American Television & Communications Corporation System for controlling communications on a cable television network
US5093718A (en) * 1990-09-28 1992-03-03 Inteletext Systems, Inc. Interactive home information system
RO111887B1 (ro) * 1993-05-28 1997-02-28 Us West Technologies Inc Metoda si retea pentru separarea serviciilor telefonice de serviciile speciale
DE4340076A1 (de) * 1993-11-24 1995-06-01 Peitz Gmbh Verfahren und Schaltungsanordnung zur Verteilung von Sendeprogramminformationen, vorzugsweise in Breitband-Fernmeldewählnetzen
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001082618A3 (fr) * 2000-04-25 2002-04-11 Advanced Interactive Inc Systeme de cable a deux voies a retour sans bruit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0760584B1 (fr) 2002-04-17
ES2174004T3 (es) 2002-11-01
DE19531118A1 (de) 1997-02-27
NZ299098A (en) 1997-05-26
EP0760584A3 (fr) 1999-08-25
ATE216550T1 (de) 2002-05-15
US6078950A (en) 2000-06-20
AU6197596A (en) 1997-02-27
AU692713B2 (en) 1998-06-11
DE59609083D1 (de) 2002-05-23

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