EP0781437B2 - System für bezahltes parken - Google Patents

System für bezahltes parken Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0781437B2
EP0781437B2 EP96910990A EP96910990A EP0781437B2 EP 0781437 B2 EP0781437 B2 EP 0781437B2 EP 96910990 A EP96910990 A EP 96910990A EP 96910990 A EP96910990 A EP 96910990A EP 0781437 B2 EP0781437 B2 EP 0781437B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
parking
payment
user
subscriber
parking payment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96910990A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0781437A1 (de
EP0781437B1 (de
Inventor
Heikki Lahti
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MINT AB
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Mint AB
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0781437A1 publication Critical patent/EP0781437A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0781437B1 publication Critical patent/EP0781437B1/de
Publication of EP0781437B2 publication Critical patent/EP0781437B2/de
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07B—TICKET-ISSUING APPARATUS; FARE-REGISTERING APPARATUS; FRANKING APPARATUS
    • G07B15/00—Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points
    • G07B15/02—Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points taking into account a variable factor such as distance or time, e.g. for passenger transport, parking systems or car rental systems

Definitions

  • the present invention is related to a parking payment and control system according to the preamble of the claim 1 for payment of a parking fee by a terminal device of a telenetwork and for control of parking.
  • WO 96/27170 describes the idea of use the mobile telephone for activating parking fee and, moreover to use the control means for rechecking the payment of the parking fee. In one embodiment this is done by waiting the authentication code of the vehicle by control means and sending the same to the service unit to obtain the needed information. There is no other means to activate the parking fee than to use the mobile or fixed phone and to dial or otherwise give the necessary information to the service unit. WO 96/27170 does not mention that the activation could be done with the aid of identification code of the vehicle.
  • said user identification could be provided with the information of the cell (of the mobile network), from whose area the parking fee has been firstly activated within a certain predetermined time period in order to prevent that the parking time of an already parked is not continued far from the vehicle.
  • WO 96/11453 describes the idea to use the mobile telephone for activating parking fee and, moreover to use a parking account which is opened in the service unit of the system. The user communicates its parkings to the account and the system keeps control of the account using the controlling means specific to the system.
  • a common drawback of prior art parking payment systems is therefore, that the user must in one way or another be ready beforehand, i.e. he must have coins or a credit, operating or intelligent card or scratchable tickets for the future parking or he must try to find parking space in an area provided with manual collection of fares or a stationary automate.
  • the primary object of the present invention is to reduce the disadvantages of the prior art parking systems and to provide a novel parking payment and control system, applicable as a general city parking system, which does not require that the user is provided in advance for parking to a chargeable parking place, house etc. with certain means of payment, as money, an operating or intelligent card or a scratchable ticket, but by which system the parking fee payment can be activated either for a desired or predetermined maximum length of time immediately and directly at the outset of the parking and in which system the necessary control functions are also made possible.
  • the invention is therefore based on the ingenious basic perception:
  • an identification means indicating the use of the system e.g. an identification sticker, sign, bar code sticker or visually invisible and remote-readable escort memory means, by which the parking supervisor can perform the checking inquiry for the parking fee in vehicle-related way.
  • the advantages of the present invention include for instance, that the user will not be obliged to have in advance a payment means, as money, operating or intelligent card or a scratchable ticket, for the parking to a chargeable parking place, house etc., that the parking fee payment can be activated either for the length of the desired or predetermined maximum time immediately and directly at the outset of the parking, that the user can limit the parking fee at the end of the parking to concern only the used parking time, that the parking can thanks to the invention be made as creditable for the user and to be invoiced with certain intervals, that the user can also receive afterwards a specification for his parkings, and that the parking fees accrued for the offerer of the chargeable parking space, as the city, can simply be revenued and also very specifically, if needed.
  • the activation means for the parking fee comprises a mobile station, which is in connection through a base station with limited cover area with the cellular phone exchange, Mobile services Switching Centre (MSC), transmitting the connections in a mobile station network and from it to other telenetworks and vice versa, whereby the mobile station network, e.g. an identification centre, Authentication Centre (AUC) or Authentication Register (AR), Home Location Register (HLR) or Visitor Location Register (VLR), identifies the user, i.e.the A-subscriber, and to the mobile station network is signalled together with the A-subscriber's extension number and the selection, i.e. B-number, or the command sign string an unequivocal identification message, as:
  • MSC Mobile services Switching Centre
  • the invoicing registers are usually created in cellular phone exchanges (MSC), and when the so-called intelligent network (IN) architecture is in use, that routing of the above-mentioned selections, particularly those requiring the IN-support, takes place through one or several IN-Service Switching Points (SSP) of the intelligent network (IN), to which the cellular phone exchanges MSC have connection.
  • SSP IN-Service Switching Points
  • this SSP can function in the telenetwork also as a router to the systems associated with the telenetwork or be in a data transfer connection with them, as for example with a customer serving system, Interactive Voice Response System (APJ), comprising usually a voice application computer CVAP (Central Voice Application Platform).
  • APIJ Interactive Voice Response System
  • CVAP Central Voice Application Platform
  • a mobile station is not at all the only possible means for activation of the parking payment by the parking payment system according to the invention.
  • a payment activation means it can also be used terminal devices of other telenetworks, as stationary wire networks, or the ones of wireless networks capable for Dual Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF) -signalling.
  • DTMF Dual Tone Multi-Frequency
  • the parking payment system communicates with the user and asks him to introduce the user-related identification information, as for example a secret code.
  • the service transmitter is situated according to the invention in the Public Telephone Exchange (PTX) in the node of the Public Switched Telecommunications Network (PSTN) or in the Mobile services Switching Centre (MSC) in the node of Mobile Communications Network (MCN) or it is switched to this centre through a connection network and a protocol or the service transmitter comprises a customer serving system or APJ, consisting of the voice application computer CVAP (Central Voice Application Platform), by which communication, steering, control and realisation functions associated with the services are performed, or an Intelligent Network (IN).
  • PTX Public Telephone Exchange
  • PSTN Public Switched Telecommunications Network
  • MSC Mobile services Switching Centre
  • MCN Mobile Communications Network
  • SSP comprises a part of the network centre (PTX or MSC) or is integrated to it and SSP identifies the IN-need and transmits the request for the IN-need to other IN-components.
  • SSP includes also the Service Switching Function (SSF) and the Call Control Agent Function (CCAF) associated with the selection of the A-subscriber.
  • Service Control Point (SCP) controls functionally the realisation of the IN-services by giving commands for other functions, for instance Service Switching Function (SSF), Call Control Agent Function (CCAF), Special Resource Function (SRF) and the Service Data Function (SDF), in the manner implied by the service.
  • SSF Service Switching Function
  • CCAF Call Control Agent Function
  • SRF Special Resource Function
  • SDF Service Data Function
  • Service Management System includes the Service Management Point (SMP), the Service Creation Enviroment Point (SCEP), including further the Service Creation Environment Function (SCEF) for defining and developing and testing of services, and the Service Management Function (SMF), by which the offering and realisation of services is controlled.
  • SMP Service Management Point
  • SCEP Service Creation Enviroment Point
  • SCEF Service Creation Environment Function
  • SMF Service Management Function
  • IP intelligent peripheral device or computer
  • SRF Special Resource Functions
  • an identification means to be placed visibly to the vehicle at least in the parking situation, comprising the identification message desired by the party offering the chargeable parking space in visible or readable form, concerning the user's role as the user of the parking payment system and to enable the performance of the payment control or request.
  • a user identification can be used:
  • the A-subscriber When the A-subscriber joins as the user of the parking payment system according to the invention, the A-subscriber dials a selection to the service number according to the invention by the mobile station used by him for the paying of the parking payments in the future, whereby to the parking payment system is signalled together with the extension number of the A-subscriber an unequivocal identification message, as:
  • the A-subscriber number and the identification code of the A-subscriber and/or the A-subscriber's mobile station form the so-called A-subscriber identity. If the person desiring to become a user has not a mobile station at his or her disposal and he or she wants to join as the user of the parking payment system according to the invention, he takes connection from any tele subscription to the service number of the parking payment system according to the invention, because when the parking payment system does not get unequivocal identification information, a connection takes place with the community maintaining the parking payment system, whereby the identity of the person desiring to become a user and the tele extension number at his disposal are certified and to the user it is given an individual secret code always to be bestowed in connection with the activation of the parking payment, whereby this secret code is given with the A-subscriber's tele subscription number selected in connection with the activation of the parking payment, so that the secret code and the selected A-subscribers tele subscription number function in connection with the activation of the parking payment
  • the parking payment and control system creates a user-related A-Subscriber Register (ASR) corresponding the A-subscriber identity in the intelligent peripheral-center belonging to the said system and/or in the data base SDF (Service Data Function) and/or in the DB (Data Base), wich databases are situated in the Central Voice Application Platform (CVAP) or are in data communication with it, into which register the parking payment system according to the invention records further on the user's parkings.
  • ASR user-related A-Subscriber Register
  • CVAP Central Voice Application Platform
  • the parking system connects as an inquiry and/or payment control key for the ASR-register a user identification comprising:
  • the parking payment and control system After the creation of the ASR-register and its inquiry and/or payment control key the parking payment and control system according to the invention is completed.
  • the user dials the predetermined selection to the network centre (PTX or MSC), the user is either identified automatically by the telenetwork or identifies himself by giving the secret code, when requested.
  • PTX network centre
  • the communication system takes care of the signalling associated with the connection, comprising the signalling according to for example the standard SS7, TUO, ISUP, TCP-IP, X-400, X-500, X-25 or similar protocol in the connection between the IP-centre/ interactive voice response system (APJ) and the network centre (PTX or MSC).
  • the said communication protocols are well-known standards in the telecommunication field and are explained e.g. in the CCITT series Q and series X recommendations.
  • the predetermined selection comprises a number sequence, which can be divided in numeric sub-groups R, A, B, C, and D. Appropriate meanings can be given to these sub-groups, e.g. as follows:
  • the predetermined selection consists advantageously of the number sequence in the form RABCD or the same number sequence between asterisks in the form *RABCD*.
  • the selection *RABCD* which is used preferably in connection with the IN-realisation, has as the consequence instead of the call an activation function and the parking payment system confirms the payment as a brief message communication to the A-mobile station, but when the user dials the selection RABCD, which is preferably used in connection with the APJ-realisation, the consequence of the selection comprises a call, whereby the user communicates with the parking payment system and gets a confirmation for the payment registration from it, when the call is heard as a voice.
  • the parking system according to the invention certifies also before the payment registration that the user is entitled to use the system. If there is not right for usage, the system gives a notice either as a brief message communication or as a voice, that it has not been possible to register the payment.
  • the user wants to stop the parking before the ending of the maximum parking time according to the assumption value or the selected parking time, he dials the predetermined parking interruption selection R0.
  • a parking of one hour can be activated by the teleterminal device for example by selecting either * 153101111 * or 15310111 and the same parking can be activated e.g. after 15 minute - 1/2 hour parking to end for instance by selecting either *1530* or 1530, whereby only the actual parking time of 15 minutes -1/2 hour is recorded to the ASR-register.

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  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Finance (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Devices For Checking Fares Or Tickets At Control Points (AREA)
  • Financial Or Insurance-Related Operations Such As Payment And Settlement (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Control Of Vending Devices And Auxiliary Devices For Vending Devices (AREA)
  • Devices For Conveying Motion By Means Of Endless Flexible Members (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Parkgebührzahlungs- und steuersystem zum Leisten der Parkgebührzahlung durch ein Endgerät eines Fernübertragungsnetzes und zum Steuern des Parkvorgangs, bei dem
    - das zum Leisten der Parkgebührzahlung verwendete Endgerät entweder eine Mobilstation aufweist, die dem mobilen Kommunikationsnetz (MCN) eine Benutzerkennung signalisiert, die vorzugsweise aus der Gruppe einer Rufer-Teilnehmer-Nummer und eines Kennungscodes des rufenden Teilnehmers und der Mobilstation des rufenden Teilnehmers, um eine Rufer-Teilnehmer Identität zu bilden, ausgewählt ist, oder ein Endgerät für das Mehrfrequenzwahlverfahren (DTMF) aufweist, das an das Fernübertragungsnetz (PSTN, MCN) als Benutzerkennung einen Geheimcode geben kann, der die Rufer-Teilnehmer-Identität bildet oder ein Teil von ihr ist;
    - an das Fernübertragungsnetz (PSTN, MCN) ein Dienstsender (intelligentes Netzwerk (IN) oder interaktives Sprachantwortsystem (APJ)) vermittelt wird, der eine Datenbank (DB, SDF) enthält, oder an den eine Datenbank angeschlossen ist, und der als virtuelles Fernkassenterminal arbeitet und die von den Benutzern aktivierten Parkgebühren in benutzerbezogene Rufer-Teilnehmer-Registern (ASR) der Datenbank entsprechend der Teilnehmeridentität aufzeichnet; und
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    - daß es in dem Fahrzeug des Benutzers eine Kennungseinrichtung gibt, die den Betriebsstatus des Systems anzeigt und aus der Gruppe eines Kennungs-Stickers, eines Symbols, eines Strichcode-Stickers oder einer nich sichtbaren und fernlesbaren Begleit-Speicher-einrichtung, ausgewählt ist, mit deren Hilfe der Benutzer die Parkgebührzahlung an den Parkautomaten mittels des Strichcodes oder der Begleit-Speichereinrichtungen aktivieren und der Parküberwacher aus der Datenbank (DB, SDF) eine fahrzeugbezogene Zertifikationsermittlung der Parkgebührzahlung bilden kann.
  2. System nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    das System betriebsbereit ist nach der Erzeugung der Dienstsender (intelligentes Netzwerk (IN) oder interaktives Sprachantwortsystem (APJ)), des Rufer-Teilnehmer-Registers und dessen Ermittlungs- und/oder Zahlungs-Steuerschlüssel.
  3. System nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    der Benutzer in diesem Parksystem eine Wahleingabe für eine vorbestimmte Wahl an das Netzwerkzentrum (PTX oder MSC) macht, wodurch der Benutzer entweder automatisch durch das Fernübertragungsnetz identifiziert wird oder er sich selbst auf Anforderung durch Angabe eines geheimen Codes identifiziert.
  4. System nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1, 2 und 3,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    ein Kommunikationssystem für die Signalisierung sorgt, die die Verbindung zwischen dem intelligenten peripheren Zentrum (IP)/interaktiven Sprachantwortsystem (APJ) und dem Netzwerkzentrum (PTX oder MSC) beinhaltet, wobei die Signalisierung vorzugsweise als an sich bekannt und entsprechend der Norm SS7, TUP, ISUP, TCP-IP, X-400, X-500, X-25 oder gemäß einem ähnlichen Protokoll augeführt ist.
  5. System nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1, 2, 3 und 4,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    die vorbestimmte Auswahl entweder aus einer reinen Ziffernfolge oder der gleichen Ziffernfolge zwischen Sternchen (*) besteht, und daß die Ziffernfolge unterteilt wird in numerische Untergruppen mit zugehörigen Bedeutungen für die Übertragung von Information zu dem Parkgebührzahlsystem.
  6. System nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1, 2, 3, 4 und 5,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    die vorbestimmte Auswahl aufgeteilt wird in numerische Untergruppen R, A, B, C und D, wobei:
    - R die Verbindungs- oder Kennzahl des Parkgebührzahlsystems mit einer Länge von 3 - 5 Ziffern, z.B. 153, bedeutet,
    - A den Anfangs/End-Code für das Parken bedeutet und vorzugsweise entweder 1 oder 0 ist,
    - B den Code für die Stadt, die Gemeinde etc. bedeutet, die den Parkbereich oder Parkraum anbietet, und vorzugsweise eine Länge von 1 - 3 Zeichen hat, z.B.n 01,
    - C den Code der Preisgruppe für den Parkraum bedeutet und eine bevorzugte Länge von 1 - 2 Zeichen hat, und der nich eingeführt zu werden braucht, wenn der Parkraum oder Parkplatz überall gleich ist, z.B. 1,
    - D die Parkzeit bedeutet und vorzugsweise eine Länge von 1 - 2 Zeichen hat, und die nicht notwendiger Weise einzuführen ist, wobei das Weglassen der Einführung bedeutet, daß das Parkgebührzahlsystem automatisch die maximale Parkzeit ansetz, wobei aber z.B. die Auswahl 1, 2, 3 oder 4 entsprechende Parkzeit in 1, 2, 3 bzw. 4 Stunden bedeutet.
  7. System nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 6,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    die vorbstimmte Auswahl vorzugsweise in der Form *RABCD* oder RABCD erfolgt, wobei die Auswahl *RABCD* in Verbindung mit der Ausführung mit intelligentem Netzwerk (IN) verwendet wird, was anstatt zu einem Ruf zu einer Aktivierungsfunktion führt, und das Parkgebührzahlsystem die Zahlungsregistrierung als kurze Nachrichtenübermittlung an die Mobilstation des Benutzers bestätigt, während die Auswahl RABCD in der Ausführung mit interaktivem Sprachantwortsystem (APJ) erfolgt, was zu einem Anruf führt, bei dem der Benutzer mit dem Parkgebührzahlsystem kommuniziert und von diesem die Bestätigung über die Zahlungsregistrierung während des Anrufs stimmlich empfängt.
  8. System nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 7,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    das Parkgebührzahlsystem vor der Zahlungs-Registrierung bestätigt, daß der Benutzer zur Benutzung des Systems berechtigt ist, und, wenn keine Berechtigung vorliegt, das System entweder als kurze Nachrichtenübermittlung oder als Sprache eine Mitteilung gibt, die anzeigt, daß es nicht möglich war, die Zahlung zu registrieren.
  9. System nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 8,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    zum Unterbrechen des Parkvorgangs, bevor die maximale Parkzeit entsprechend dem angenommenen Wert oder der ausgewählten Parkzeitspanne verstrichen ist, eine vorbestimmte Parkunterbrechungswahl, z.B. R0, von dem Endgerät gesendet wird.
EP96910990A 1995-04-27 1996-04-24 System für bezahltes parken Expired - Lifetime EP0781437B2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI950211U 1995-04-27
FI950211U FI2136U1 (fi) 1995-04-27 1995-04-27 Parkeringsavgiftsystem
PCT/FI1996/000223 WO1996034366A1 (en) 1995-04-27 1996-04-24 Parking payment system

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0781437A1 EP0781437A1 (de) 1997-07-02
EP0781437B1 EP0781437B1 (de) 2001-12-12
EP0781437B2 true EP0781437B2 (de) 2007-07-18

Family

ID=8542369

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96910990A Expired - Lifetime EP0781437B2 (de) 1995-04-27 1996-04-24 System für bezahltes parken

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0781437B2 (de)
AT (1) ATE210869T1 (de)
AU (1) AU5401596A (de)
DE (1) DE69617891D1 (de)
FI (1) FI2136U1 (de)
WO (1) WO1996034366A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10096173B2 (en) 2013-06-11 2018-10-09 Here Global B.V. Parking payment detection

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE510864C2 (sv) * 1997-01-10 1999-06-28 Modul System Sweden Ab Parkeringskontrollenhet
SE9700408L (sv) * 1997-02-04 1998-04-27 Rolf Rising System för insamling och distribution av trafik- och parkeringsavgifter
BE1011219A6 (fr) * 1997-06-17 1999-06-01 Wow Co Sa Nouveaux dispositifs de controle d'acces ou de temps d'occupation, applicables aux aires de stationnement.
SE512838C2 (sv) * 1997-06-30 2000-05-22 Satsafe Mls Ab System för genomförande av betalningsoperation
FR2791162B1 (fr) * 1999-03-17 2001-06-22 Schlumberger Systems & Service Procede de gestion de stationnement de vehicules
FR2797078B1 (fr) * 1999-07-30 2002-09-20 France Telecom Procede de gestion du paiement de taxes de stationnement, coupon de validation et terminal de verification de ce paiement
US6501391B1 (en) 1999-09-28 2002-12-31 Robert Vincent Racunas, Jr. Internet communication of parking lot occupancy
US6946974B1 (en) 1999-09-28 2005-09-20 Racunas Jr Robert Vincent Web-based systems and methods for internet communication of substantially real-time parking data
US7237716B2 (en) 2000-02-24 2007-07-03 Cds Worldwide Pty Ltd. Parking system for sending messages
AUPQ583600A0 (en) * 2000-02-24 2000-03-16 Cds Worldwide Pty Ltd Vehicle parking system
SE518661C2 (sv) * 2000-03-29 2002-11-05 Modul System Sweden Ab Förfarande för kontantbetalningssystem vid parkering
AU1469302A (en) * 2000-04-26 2002-02-05 Johannes Hugo Engelbrecht Transaction mechanism
EE00315U1 (et) * 2001-02-01 2002-07-15 As Emt Tasulise parkimise korraldamise meetod
EP1172767A1 (de) 2000-07-12 2002-01-16 Hectronic GmbH Fahrzeug-Parksystem
FR2823891B1 (fr) 2001-04-18 2003-07-18 Philippe Jean Denis County Systeme centralise de gestion du stationnement par telepaiement a commande vocale
ES2191570B1 (es) * 2002-02-27 2004-06-16 Gustavo Adolfo Ruiz De Loizaga Isasi Sistema para control horario de aparcamiento.
EP1450333A1 (de) * 2003-02-21 2004-08-25 Uaithne Eoin Ryan Verfahren und System zur telefonischen Zahlung eines Parkplatzes
ITMI20121237A1 (it) * 2012-07-17 2014-01-18 Revolution 3 Srl Sistema per effettuare e verificare il pagamento delle tariffe dei parcheggi.

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SE432041B (sv) * 1982-09-07 1984-03-12 Kurt Katzeff Anordning vid ett betalkort utnyttjande betalningssystem
IL98880A (en) * 1991-07-18 1995-01-24 Easy Park Ltd System for monitoring parked vehicles
SE506681C2 (sv) * 1992-03-31 1998-01-26 Tommy Jonsson Förfarande vid parkeringssystem för avgiftsbelagd parkering av fordon
DE69314804T2 (de) * 1992-11-11 1998-02-12 Finland Telecom Oy Verfahren zum durchführen von finanziellen transaktionen mittels eines mobilen telephonsystems
FI944738A7 (fi) * 1994-10-07 1996-04-08 Payway Oy Järjestelmä ja menetelmä pysäköintimaksun suorittamiseksi
FI102018B1 (fi) * 1995-02-28 1998-09-30 Parkit Oy Pysäköintimaksujärjestelmä, tarkastuslaite ja identifiointiväline

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10096173B2 (en) 2013-06-11 2018-10-09 Here Global B.V. Parking payment detection

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE210869T1 (de) 2001-12-15
AU5401596A (en) 1996-11-18
FIU950211U0 (fi) 1995-04-27
DE69617891D1 (de) 2002-01-24
WO1996034366A1 (en) 1996-10-31
EP0781437A1 (de) 1997-07-02
EP0781437B1 (de) 2001-12-12
FI2136U1 (fi) 1995-10-19

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