EP0794546A2 - Interrupteur avec un mécanisme de commutation sensible à la température - Google Patents

Interrupteur avec un mécanisme de commutation sensible à la température Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0794546A2
EP0794546A2 EP97100576A EP97100576A EP0794546A2 EP 0794546 A2 EP0794546 A2 EP 0794546A2 EP 97100576 A EP97100576 A EP 97100576A EP 97100576 A EP97100576 A EP 97100576A EP 0794546 A2 EP0794546 A2 EP 0794546A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
switching mechanism
mating contact
switch according
switch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97100576A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0794546B1 (fr
EP0794546A3 (fr
Inventor
Michael Becher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thermik Geraetebau GmbH
Original Assignee
Thermik Geraetebau GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thermik Geraetebau GmbH filed Critical Thermik Geraetebau GmbH
Publication of EP0794546A2 publication Critical patent/EP0794546A2/fr
Publication of EP0794546A3 publication Critical patent/EP0794546A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0794546B1 publication Critical patent/EP0794546B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/52—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
    • H01H37/54—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting
    • H01H37/5427—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting encapsulated in sealed miniaturised housing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a switch with a housing which accommodates a temperature-dependent switching mechanism and which has a lower part, on the inner bottom of which a first mating contact for the switching mechanism is arranged, and a cover part which closes the lower part and on the inside of which a second mating contact is provided for the switching mechanism is, the switching mechanism depending on its temperature establishes an electrically conductive connection between the two mating contacts, which can be contacted from the outside.
  • the housing has a lower part made of electrically conductive material and a cover part closing the lower part, which is made of insulating material.
  • the switching mechanism is arranged, which comprises a spring washer, which carries a movable contact part.
  • the spring washer works against a bimetallic snap washer, which is put over the movable contact part.
  • the spring washer which is supported on the bottom of the lower part, presses the movable contact part against a mating contact, which is provided on the inside of the cover part and extends outward through the cover in the manner of a rivet.
  • the bottom of the lower part serves as another mating contact for the rear derailleur.
  • the spring washer itself is made of electrically conductive material, it maintains the response temperature of the switching mechanism for a low-resistance, electrically conductive connection between the mating contact on the cover part and the mating contact on the lower part, the lower part being contacted from the outside. If the temperature of the switching mechanism is now raised, the bimetallic snap disk snaps suddenly and presses the movable contact part against the force of the spring washer away from the mating contact of the cover, so that the electrical connection is interrupted.
  • Such switches are generally used for temperature monitoring of electrical devices. As long as the temperature of the electrical device does not exceed a predetermined response temperature, the switch remains closed, which is connected in series with the consumer to be protected for this purpose. Now the temperature of the consumer increases impermissible, the bimetallic snap disc snaps and thus interrupts the flow of current to the consumer.
  • the known switch has the disadvantage that its manufacture is relatively complex. This is mainly due to the fact that after the manufacture of the cover part, the mating contact must then be attached to the cover part, at the same time ensuring an electrically conductive connection through the wall of the cover part to the outside. This is done in the manner of a rivet that merges into a head outside the cover, to which strands, crimp connections, etc. can be soldered. This mating contact on the cover part is usually done manually and is therefore very cost-intensive.
  • Another switch is known from DE 21 21 802 A1, in the housing of which a temperature-dependent switching mechanism is also arranged as described above.
  • the cover part and the lower part are both pot-shaped and made of electrically conductive material.
  • Crimp connections are integrally formed on both the upper part and the lower part, the crimp connection of the lower part extending outwards through a corresponding notch in the wall of the upper part.
  • An insulating film is arranged between the upper part and the lower part in order to electrically insulate the two housing parts from one another.
  • the temperature-dependent switching mechanism now contacts the lower part on the one hand via the spring washer and, on the other hand, the cover part via the movable contact part, so that there is an electrically conductive connection between the two crimp connections as long as the temperature of the switching mechanism is below the response temperature. If the temperature of the switching mechanism rises, this electrical connection is interrupted in the manner described above.
  • the temperature-dependent switch is known from US Pat. No. 4,490,704, which has a lower housing part made of insulating material and a metal cover which rests on a shoulder of the lower part and is held by an edge of the lower part.
  • the temperature-dependent switching mechanism comprises a bimetallic spring which is clamped on one side and which holds at its free end a movable contact which is in contact below the response temperature of the switching mechanism with a fixed mating contact which is arranged on the inside of the cover.
  • the bimetal spring is firmly clamped and connected to a resistor that runs on the bottom of the lower part.
  • a through hole is provided in the bottom, into which a button-like connecting part is inserted from below. With its head protruding into the interior of the switch, this connection part is soldered to the resistor.
  • the button-like head merges into a flap that runs through under the wall of the lower part and merges into a connecting tab next to the lower part.
  • the contacting of the clamped end of the bimetallic spring is very complex because of the button-like connecting part, not only are complicated-shaped parts required, the assembly is very complex because of the soldering of the button-like head with the resistance in the interior of the lower part.
  • Another disadvantage of this switch is that it is not insulated both upwards and downwards, so that special precautions are required when it is attached to a device to be protected.
  • this object is achieved in the switch mentioned at the outset in that the lower part is made of insulating material, the first mating contact can be contacted from outside through a wall of the lower part, and the cover part is made of electrically conductive material and at the same time acts as a second mating contact, wherein the cover part is preferably inserted into the lower part and is held on or by an upper edge of the lower part.
  • the object underlying the invention is completely achieved in this way. Since the lower part is now made of insulating material, no insulating film is required to ensure appropriate electrical insulation between the lower part and the cover part. Another advantage is that the cover part itself acts as a mating contact, so that the through-contact through the cover part, which is expensive in the prior art, is eliminated. This contacting from the outside is much easier to achieve in the lower part, for example, by that a slot is provided in the wall of the lower part, through which a connecting part of the first mating contact extends outwards.
  • the lower part can thus be made as a pot with a longitudinal slot in its outer wall, the first mating contact then only having to be inserted such that its outwardly projecting connecting part lies in the slot.
  • the bimetallic rear derailleur is then preferably inserted in the reverse order to what is generally known, and finally the cover part follows, which is held directly on the edge of the lower part, with detents being provided there, for example.
  • the entire assembly of the new switch is thus very simple, with relatively few components being required, so that the costs for the new switch are kept very low due to its simple construction.
  • the outer bottom of the lower part can be used as an insulating support surface, so that the new switch can be mounted more easily on a device to be protected.
  • the first counter-contact is held captive in the lower part by casting or injection molding during the production of the lower part in such a way that it is an integral part of the lower part.
  • the lower part can now be manufactured, for example, as a plastic injection-molded part, the first mating contact being overmolded directly during the injection molding process, so that it becomes an integral part of the lower part.
  • the fastening of the mating contact to the bottom of the lower part is realized at the same time, so that several operations can be saved here.
  • the first mating contact is completely insulated from the outside by the extrusion coating, so that subsequent insulation by epoxy or an insulating cap, as was previously known, is dispensed with.
  • the first mating contact has a molded-on connection part which projects outwards through a wall of the lower part.
  • the advantage here is that both the mounting of the first mating contact on the lower part and its through-plating through the wall to the outside can be realized integrally in one operation during the production of the lower part.
  • the counter contacts with molded connection parts can e.g. can be delivered taped on the belt, whereupon one injection molding machine overmolds one counter-contact after the other with the lower housing part. Subsequently, only the bimetallic switching mechanism has to be inserted into this lower part, whereupon it is then closed with the cover part, which simultaneously acts as a second counter-contact. Overall, there are very few manufacturing steps in the entire production of the new switch, so that the costs for this switch can be kept very low.
  • the first mating contact is an electrically conductive ring or an electrically conductive disk, wherein it is preferably designed as a stamped sheet metal part on which the connecting part is formed in one piece.
  • the second mating contact is also preferably designed as a stamped sheet metal part with an integrally formed connecting part.
  • disks and rings preferably as stamped sheet metal parts
  • the connecting part then also extends automatically through a side wall of the lower part to the outside.
  • the first mating contact is designed as a ring
  • the rear derailleur it is preferred if it comprises an electrically conductive spring washer, which carries a movable contact part and works against a bimetallic snap disc, which is located approximately in the middle on the movable contact part, the spring washer being supported with its edge on a mating contact and the movable contact part presses against the other counter contact when the switching mechanism is below its response temperature.
  • bimetallic switching mechanisms are generally known from the prior art, they have the advantage that the current flows through the spring washer, so that the bimetallic snap disc does not experience any current heating and is therefore not adversely or unpredictably influenced with regard to its response behavior.
  • the spring washer is supported on the first mating contact and presses the movable contact part against the second mating contact.
  • the bimetallic snap disc snaps around and is now supported with its edge on the inside of the cover part and thereby presses the movable contact part with the spring washer down onto the bottom of the lower part.
  • the first mating contact is designed as a ring, the movable contact part does not come into contact with it, so that the electrical connection between the external connections of the new switch is interrupted, although the spring washer is now supported with its edge on the inside of the cover part.
  • the first mating contact is designed as a washer because of the better heat transfer, then only an insulating washer must be inserted between the bimetallic snap washer and the cover part in order to prevent contact between the edge of the spring washer and the second mating contact and thus an undesired short circuit in the high temperature position.
  • the first mating contact has an approximately central contact projection with which the movable contact part of the switching mechanism is in contact below its response temperature.
  • the lower part now overlaps the first mating contact in a ring, so that an insulating contact area is formed on the first mating contact.
  • this insulating support area can be made at the same time during the injection molding or casting of the lower part, which makes the use of an additional insulating washer unnecessary. If the rear derailleur is now installed "overhead" in the housing, the spring washer is supported with its edge on the cover part below the response temperature and presses the movable contact part against the contact projection. Above the response temperature, the spring washer lies with its edge on the insulating support area, so that no short circuit between the two counter contacts can occur despite the contact of the middle area of the spring washer and bimetallic snap disk on the cover part.
  • This structurally very simple measure thus considerably reduces the effort involved in the final assembly of the new switch. This also increases the quality and productivity, since the insulating cap and / or film are mechanically stressed during the production process in known switches, which can result in cracks which lead to short circuits. These problems do not occur with the new switch.
  • the cost advantage of the new switch lies not only in the small number of assembly steps and the automation of the assembly, a further advantage is achieved in that the insulating washer can now be dispensed with entirely.
  • this insulating washer must meet a whole series of requirements with regard to dielectric strength, etc., so that it is a very cost-intensive component, the price of which is noticeably reflected in the total price of the known switch. Since this insulating washer can now be dispensed with, this also considerably reduces the cost of the new switch.
  • cover part rests on an inner shoulder of the lower housing part, the edge of the lower housing part preferably being hot stamped or welded after the cover part has been inserted.
  • Fig. 1 shows a switch, in the housing 11 a temperature-dependent switching mechanism 12 is arranged.
  • Such switches are e.g. used to monitor the temperature of electrically operated devices and for this purpose electrically connected in series with the device.
  • the housing 11 comprises a lower part 14 having a wall 13, on the inner bottom 15 of which a first mating contact 16 for the switching mechanism 12 is arranged.
  • the lower part 14 is closed by a cover part 17, on the inside 18 of which a second counter-contact 19 is provided.
  • the cover part 17 is electrically conductive, so that it itself acts as a second counter contact.
  • the first mating contact 16 is designed as a ring 21, the connecting part 22 of which extends outwards through a slot 23 in the wall 13.
  • the ring 21 is inserted into the interior of the lower part 14 in such a way that the connecting part 22 slides down through the slot 23.
  • This slot 23 can be made very thin, so that it Function of the new switch is not affected. However, it is possible, after inserting the first mating contact 16, to shed the slot 23 or to hot stamp it.
  • the second mating contact 19 is designed as a disk 24, which is supported with its edge 25 on an inner, circumferential shoulder 26 of the lower part 14.
  • the edge 25 of the disk 24 is surmounted by an edge 27 of the lower part 14.
  • locking lugs 28 are provided which hold the disc 24 captive on the shoulder 26.
  • a connecting part 29 of the second counter-contact 19 extends upwards within the edge 27, where it can be contacted in a suitable manner.
  • the switching mechanism 12 comprises a spring washer 31 which carries a movable contact part 32 which is welded to the spring washer 31 in the exemplary embodiment shown.
  • the spring washer 31 is supported with its edge 33 on the ring 21 and presses the movable contact part 32 against the washer 24 in the low-temperature position shown in FIG. 1, so that overall an electrical connection between the connecting parts 22 and. Via the electrically conductive spring washer 31 29 is produced.
  • a bimetallic snap disk 34 and an insulating disk 35 are placed over the movable contact part 32.
  • the bimetallic snap disk 34 snaps suddenly and is now supported with its edge 36 on the insulating disk 35 on the inside 18 of the lid part 17.
  • the bimetallic snap disk pushes the movable contact part 32 away from the disk 24 against the force of the spring washer 31, which forms the second counter-contact. In this way, the electrical connection between the two connection parts 22 and 29 is interrupted.
  • the first contact part 16 is first inserted into the lower part 14 before the spring washer 31, the bimetallic snap disk 34 and the insulating disk 35 are then inserted. Subsequently, the cover part 17 is inserted into the edge 27 of the lower part 14 and pressed down so far that the locking lugs 28 overlap the disc 24 and hold it captively, that is, "snap in”.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the new switch 10, in which the first mating contact is also designed as a disk 37.
  • the disc 37 is overlapped in a ring shape at its edges by the lower housing part 14, so that an insulating support area 38 is created which also isolates the disc 37 at its edge towards the top.
  • the disk 37 Approximately in the middle, the disk 37 also has a contact projection 39 which points into the interior of the housing 11.
  • the mating contact 16 is now encapsulated or cast around during the manufacture of the lower part 14, so that it is an integral part of the lower part 14.
  • the bimetallic switching mechanism in FIG. 2 is, as it were, inserted "overhead" so that the movable contact part 32 is in contact with the contact projection 39 in the low-temperature position shown in FIG. 2.
  • the spring washer 31 is supported with its edge 33 on the inside of the cover part 17, so that a conductive connection between the connection parts 22, 29 is established, both of which extend laterally through the wall 13 of the lower part 14.
  • the connecting part 29 lies in a notch not shown in FIG. 2 in the edge 27, so that it can subsequently be used from above. It can be seen that the edge 27 overlaps the disc 24 at its edge and thus holds it captively. This attachment is achieved in that an edge 27, which originally stands upright, is hot stamped or hot-welded after insertion of the disk 24, so that it at least partially overlaps the disk 24. If the edge 27 is pulled up accordingly, enough insulating material can also be provided that the pane 24 is also insulated from the outside when the edge 27 is hot stamped.
  • this type of assembly creates a switch which is completely insulated from the outside and from which only the two connection parts 22 and 29 protrude. Since both counter-contacts 16 and 19 are formed as disks 37 and 24, a good thermal connection to the outside is nevertheless possible.
  • the insulating disk 35 which is still shown in FIG. 1, can also be dispensed with in the switch 10 from FIG. 2. If the rear derailleur 12 is now heated to such an extent that the bimetallic snap disk 34 jumps into its high-temperature position, it is then supported on the insulating contact area 38 and presses the movable contact part 32 away from the contact projection 39 until finally the spring washer 31 jumps from the shown concave to a convex shape. Spring washer 31 and bimetallic snap disk 34 are now supported with their edges on the insulating contact area 38, so that any possible contact in the area of the movable contact part 32 to the cover part 17 does not lead to an undesirable short circuit between the two connection parts 22 and 29.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
  • Electric Clocks (AREA)
  • Oscillators With Electromechanical Resonators (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Switches With Compound Operations (AREA)
  • Pens And Brushes (AREA)
EP97100576A 1996-03-09 1997-01-16 Interrupteur avec un mécanisme de commutation sensible à la température Expired - Lifetime EP0794546B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19609310 1996-03-09
DE19609310A DE19609310C2 (de) 1996-03-09 1996-03-09 Schalter mit einem temperaturabhängigen Schaltwerk

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0794546A2 true EP0794546A2 (fr) 1997-09-10
EP0794546A3 EP0794546A3 (fr) 1998-10-28
EP0794546B1 EP0794546B1 (fr) 2003-05-07

Family

ID=7787814

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97100576A Expired - Lifetime EP0794546B1 (fr) 1996-03-09 1997-01-16 Interrupteur avec un mécanisme de commutation sensible à la température

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5864278A (fr)
EP (1) EP0794546B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE239975T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2199302C (fr)
DE (2) DE19609310C2 (fr)
DK (1) DK0794546T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2197261T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT794546E (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2541571A1 (fr) * 2011-06-28 2013-01-02 Thermik Gerätebau GmbH Commutateur à verrouillage thermodépendant
DE102014207174A1 (de) * 2014-04-15 2015-10-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Kurzschlussvorrichtung zum automatischen Kurzschließen eines Transistors und Verfahren zu einem solchen Kurzschließen
EP3731254A1 (fr) * 2019-04-23 2020-10-28 Marcel P. Hofsaess Commutateur dépendant de la température et procédé de fabrication d'un commutateur dépendant de la température

Families Citing this family (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19748589C2 (de) * 1997-11-04 1999-12-09 Marcel Hofsaes Schalter mit einem temperaturabhängigen Schaltwerk
DE19752581C2 (de) * 1997-11-27 1999-12-23 Marcel Hofsaes Schalter mit einem temperaturabhängigen Schaltwerk
DE19919648C2 (de) 1999-04-30 2003-03-13 Marcel Hofsaess Gerät mit in einer Tasche vorgesehenem temperaturabhängigen Schaltwerk
WO2001031749A2 (fr) 1999-10-27 2001-05-03 Thermik Gerätebau GmbH Borne de raccord
DE10110562C1 (de) * 2001-03-06 2002-12-19 Marcel Hofsaes Temperaturabhängiger Schalter mit aufgestempelter Kleberschicht
JP2006092825A (ja) * 2004-09-22 2006-04-06 Fuji Denshi Kogyo Kk 温度スイッチと温度スイッチの組立方法
DE102008048554B3 (de) 2008-09-16 2010-02-04 Hofsaess, Marcel P. Temperaturabhängiger Schalter
DE102009061050B4 (de) 2009-06-05 2019-09-05 Marcel P. HOFSAESS Bimetallteil und damit ausgestattete temperaturabhängige Schalter
DE102009025221A1 (de) 2009-06-05 2010-12-16 Hofsaess, Marcel P. Bimetallteil und damit ausgestattete temperaturabhängige Schalter
DE102009039948A1 (de) 2009-08-27 2011-03-03 Hofsaess, Marcel P. Temperaturabhängiger Schalter
GB2481240B (en) * 2010-06-17 2017-04-12 Otter Controls Ltd Thermally responsive electric switches
DE102011119637B4 (de) * 2011-11-22 2013-06-06 Marcel P. HOFSAESS Temperaturabhängiger Schalter mit einem temperaturabhängigen Schaltwerk sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen eines solchen Schalters
US9805588B2 (en) 2012-05-30 2017-10-31 Factory Mutual Insurance Company Wireless fire protection valve inspection and monitoring systems, and methods for automated inspection and monitoring of fire protection systems
DE102012110708A1 (de) 2012-11-08 2014-05-08 Thermik Gerätebau GmbH Schaltkappe mit integriertem temperaturabhängigen Schalter
ITMI20132139A1 (it) * 2013-12-19 2015-06-20 Electrica S R L Dispositivo di protezione per apparecchi elettrici, in particolare per motori elettrici, compressori e trasformatori
DE102014116888B4 (de) 2014-11-18 2018-05-17 Thermik Gerätebau GmbH Temperaturabhängiger Schalter
DE102022120446B3 (de) 2022-08-12 2023-11-30 Marcel P. HOFSAESS Temperaturabhängiger Schalter

Family Cites Families (10)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2121802C3 (de) * 1971-05-03 1974-10-24 Thermik-Geraetebau Gmbh + Co, 7530 Pforzheim Temperaturwächter
US3818410A (en) * 1973-03-02 1974-06-18 Fasco Industries High voltage thermostat
DE3122899C2 (de) * 1981-06-10 1984-10-11 Peter 7530 Pforzheim Hofsäss Temperaturschalter
US4490704A (en) * 1983-09-14 1984-12-25 Therm-O-Disc, Incorporated Thermally responsive switching device
DE3710672C2 (de) * 1987-03-31 1997-05-15 Hofsaes Geb Zeitz Ulrika Temperaturwächter mit einem Gehäuse
DE8915123U1 (de) * 1989-12-23 1990-08-23 Hofsäss, Peter, 75181 Pforzheim Temperaturschalter
DK0453596T3 (da) * 1990-04-25 1995-08-14 Hofsaess Ulrika Temperaturomskifter
GB9109316D0 (en) * 1991-04-30 1991-06-19 Otter Controls Ltd Improvements relating to electric switches
DE4337141C2 (de) * 1993-10-30 1996-06-05 Hofsaes Geb Zeitz Ulrika Temperaturabhängiger Schalter
US5489762A (en) * 1994-05-25 1996-02-06 Texas Instruments Incorporated Appliances having resistive heating elements and thermal protective apparatus used therewith

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2541571A1 (fr) * 2011-06-28 2013-01-02 Thermik Gerätebau GmbH Commutateur à verrouillage thermodépendant
DE102014207174A1 (de) * 2014-04-15 2015-10-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Kurzschlussvorrichtung zum automatischen Kurzschließen eines Transistors und Verfahren zu einem solchen Kurzschließen
EP3731254A1 (fr) * 2019-04-23 2020-10-28 Marcel P. Hofsaess Commutateur dépendant de la température et procédé de fabrication d'un commutateur dépendant de la température

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PT794546E (pt) 2003-09-30
CA2199302A1 (fr) 1997-09-09
US5864278A (en) 1999-01-26
EP0794546B1 (fr) 2003-05-07
DE59710004D1 (de) 2003-06-12
DE19609310A1 (de) 1997-09-11
CA2199302C (fr) 1999-12-21
ES2197261T3 (es) 2004-01-01
EP0794546A3 (fr) 1998-10-28
ATE239975T1 (de) 2003-05-15
DE19609310C2 (de) 1999-07-15
DK0794546T3 (da) 2003-06-02

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