EP0795926A2 - Antenne plane tridimensionnelle - Google Patents

Antenne plane tridimensionnelle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0795926A2
EP0795926A2 EP97102472A EP97102472A EP0795926A2 EP 0795926 A2 EP0795926 A2 EP 0795926A2 EP 97102472 A EP97102472 A EP 97102472A EP 97102472 A EP97102472 A EP 97102472A EP 0795926 A2 EP0795926 A2 EP 0795926A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
slot
antenna according
divider
resonance structure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97102472A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0795926A3 (fr
EP0795926B1 (fr
Inventor
Matthias Liebendörfer
Ulrich Dr. Dersch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ascom Systec AG
Original Assignee
Ascom Tech AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ascom Tech AG filed Critical Ascom Tech AG
Publication of EP0795926A2 publication Critical patent/EP0795926A2/fr
Publication of EP0795926A3 publication Critical patent/EP0795926A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0795926B1 publication Critical patent/EP0795926B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2258—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles used with computer equipment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
    • H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
    • H01Q5/364—Creating multiple current paths
    • H01Q5/371—Branching current paths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element

Definitions

  • the object of the invention is to provide a flat, compact three-dimensional antenna which is suitable for the wireless transmission of digital data in local networks.
  • the antenna should have as omnidirectional radiation characteristics as possible and little dependence of the adaptation on neighboring external objects.
  • the antenna is constructed in three levels.
  • a base plate is located in a first level, a U-shaped slot divider is arranged in a second, and a resonance structure is arranged in a third.
  • the slot divider is angled in a U-shape in the second plane, so that a central part and two lateral legs are formed.
  • This antenna is extremely compact and radiates primarily in the spatial directions defined by the base plate (ie horizontal ").
  • the resonance structure gives the antenna an extremely wide bandwidth (eg 20% to 30%). This allows the influence of neighboring objects to be kept small.
  • the existence of a conductive base plate additionally supports this advantage.
  • the antenna is preferably fed by a strip conductor which is guided in the second plane between the two legs and contacts the slot divider on the middle part.
  • the antenna's input impedance can be adjusted by varying the width and length of the stripline.
  • the stripline can e.g. B. completely fill the area between the legs.
  • the length of the stripline is preferably less than the length of the leg, so that the feed does not take up more space than is already used by the antenna. However, it is also possible to make the stripline longer (that is to say to lead it out of the antenna on the second level and to reduce the width, for example).
  • the antenna can be fed via a microstrip line or a coaxial line (led through the base plate).
  • the slot divider is connected to the base plate at the ends of the legs.
  • the length of the middle part can also be a little longer or shorter. Accordingly, the antenna becomes more or less elongated.
  • the resonance structure is supported by (electrically conductive) flank elements on the legs of the slot divider. If the antenna is embedded in a dielectric medium, the mechanical support function is in principle performed by the dielectric medium.
  • the flank elements can then be suitably attached metallizations for connecting the resonance structure to the slot divider.
  • the entire antenna can in principle be made by bending a plate with a suitable cutting pattern.
  • the resonance structure can e.g. B. have a gap in the middle so that it is formed by two plate-shaped mirror-symmetrical elements. From an electrical point of view, the gap is of no importance, since there is a current node in the middle of the resonance structure anyway.
  • a first antenna slot formed between the base plate and slot divider is preferably larger than a second antenna slot formed between the slot divider and the resonance element.
  • the length of the second antenna slot can be varied, the bandwidth of the antenna changing accordingly. In extreme cases, it is possible to construct an antenna with two separate resonances (dual frequency mode). Conversely, the resonances can also be brought very close to one another, which leads to a narrow bandwidth.
  • the antenna according to the invention can be constructed in different ways. It is conceivable, for. B. that the antenna is formed from a stamped or etched sheet and soldered onto a base plate (z. B. a metallized circuit board). A dielectric can be present between the first and second levels of the antenna. So z. B. the slot divider as a printed circuit structure on the upper side of a suitably thick printed circuit board, the base plate by a Metallization is formed on the back of the substrate.
  • the resonance structure in the third level can then e.g. B. like a flat inverted U-profile (plate with two opposite flanks) (the flanks are soldered to the conductor structures).
  • the antenna is formed on a ceramic block.
  • the resonance structure is then a metallization on a first (upper) main surface of the ceramic block.
  • the slot divider in the second level is e.g. B. represented by a metallization on the narrow side surfaces of the ceramic block.
  • the base plate can be formed by a metallization on the second (lower) main surface of the ceramic block or by a metal surface to which the ceramic block is soldered.
  • a metallized slot in the ceramic block can be provided between the two main surfaces, in which the strip conductor for feeding the antenna is arranged.
  • U. provide an inductance. This is preferably integrated in or in front of the stripline.
  • the antenna according to the invention is also well suited for diversity reception. This applies to both spatial and angular diversity, sometimes called pattern diversity.
  • each of the two antennas is particularly sensitive in one direction in which the other has only an extremely low sensitivity.
  • Switching or combining the two antenna feeds can increase the performance of a receiver (diversity gain). It will e.g. B. switched from one antenna to the other when the signal of the former becomes too weak. If the antenna signals are additionally phase-shifted from each other, the sensitivity pattern can be rotated in space.
  • ⁇ / 3 can be placed next to each other at a certain distance (e.g. ⁇ / 3 to ⁇ / 2).
  • a 3-way spatial diversity antenna system can be set up, which is packed in a volume of 54x28x5.2 mm3 (which corresponds to an extension of a PCMCIA card).
  • the antenna according to the invention is particularly suitable for HIPERLAN applications and handheld radio telephones (including cordless telephones).
  • the frequency ranges provided for such applications are typically over 1 GHz (e.g. at 5.2 GHz in the European Telecommunication Standard-HIPERLAN).
  • the antenna is also suitable for use in an antenna array, since the large bandwidth also allows adaptation in the vicinity of the neighboring antennas.
  • the first level is defined by a base plate 1. It can be a wall of a metal box or a metallization on a printed circuit board.
  • the slot divider is on the second level. In principle, it is a U-shaped metal strip with a middle part 2 and two legs 3, 4.
  • the length of the middle part 2 is preferably ⁇ / 4, that of the legs 3, 4 is ⁇ / 8.
  • the slot divider is short-circuited to the base plate 1 at both ends of the legs 3, 4 via two legs 5, 6.
  • a resonance structure on a third level there is a resonance structure on a third level.
  • this is formed by two symmetrical plates 9, 10. These are supported by vertical side surfaces 12, 13 on the outer sides of the angled legs 3, 4 of the slot divider.
  • the two plates 9, 10 are separated by a gap 11. From an electrical point of view, this is of no importance since it is located in a power node. 1, on the other hand, it enables the antenna to be formed from a flat, suitably cut sheet metal shape.
  • a strip conductor 7 is provided, which is connected via a leg 8 to a coaxial connection below the base plate 1. If the base plate is designed as a printed circuit board, a further microstrip line can also take the place of the coaxial connection.
  • the strip conductor completely fills the area formed between the two legs 3, 4 in accordance with the required impedance matching (wherein it is separated from the legs 3, 4 only by two gaps 14, 15).
  • the two plates 9, 10 essentially cover the area spanned by the U-shaped slot divider.
  • the distance between the resonance structure and the slot divider is preferably smaller than the distance between the slot divider and the base plate 1.
  • B. the second level at a height of 2.6 mm ( ⁇ / 8) and the third level at a height of 4.2 mm ( ⁇ / 20) above the base plate (center frequency f 0 6.4 GHz, ⁇ ⁇ 4.7 cm).
  • the antenna slot is between the resonance structure and the slot divider there is an antenna slot, which is limited in length by the side surfaces 12, 13.
  • the length of this slot can be varied to determine the bandwidth.
  • the antenna slot is the same length as the middle part 2.
  • the vertical side surfaces 12, 13 can even be around the corner on the middle part 2.
  • they can also only claim a small part of the legs 3, 4 and be placed close to the ends or legs 5, 6. Accordingly, the upper antenna slot would then be approximately the same size as the lower antenna slot between the slot divider and the base plate 1.
  • the antenna according to the invention is two stacked and angled ⁇ / 2 slots with different slot lengths.
  • the impedance is adjusted via the dimensioning of the strip conductor 7.
  • it has a width of z. B. 11 mm (0.24 ⁇ ) and a depth of z. B. 5.5 mm (0.12 ⁇ ).
  • the two legs 3, 4 each a width of e.g. B. 0.75 mm (0.015 ⁇ ).
  • the gap 11 is z. B. 1 mm ( ⁇ / 50) wide.
  • the entire antenna has a width of z. B. 0.28 ⁇ and a depth of z. B. 0.14 ⁇ .
  • the stripline 7 can u. U. may also be less wide and / or run out of the area spanned by the two legs 3, 4. It is particularly suitable for feeding via microstrip lines.
  • the antenna structure shown in FIG. 1 can be partially or completely embedded in a dielectric medium (of course, by adapting the dimensions due to the higher relative dielectric constant ⁇ r > 1).
  • So z. B. the slot divider (legs 3, 4, middle part 2) and the strip conductor 7 are applied as a conductor track structure on a dielectric substrate (printed circuit board).
  • the base plate 1 can be provided as a metallization on the back of the substrate, the legs 5, 6, 8 (in the form of pins) being passed through the substrate.
  • the resonance structure can be a continuous rectangular plate, which in turn is electrically connected to the legs 3, 4 via side surfaces 12, 13 and at the same time is supported on the substrate.
  • the simplest way is to cut a piece of sheet metal which is able to cover a surface spanned by the legs 3, 4 and is equipped with lateral tabs for forming the side surfaces 12, 13 (by right-angled bending).
  • the gap 11 is neither necessary nor desirable in this embodiment (mechanical stability).
  • a dielectric can also be provided between the second and the third level. This can e.g. B. can be achieved by selective lamination of a dielectric material in the desired layer thickness.
  • the side surfaces 12, 13 can be applied to corresponding boundary surfaces of the laminated layer.
  • the plate-shaped resonance structure can be printed on the surface of the laminated layer.
  • a ceramic block 16 is shown schematically in FIG. He has an upper one and a lower major surface 17 and 18 respectively.
  • a metallization is provided as a resonance structure over the entire main upper surface 17.
  • the lower main surface 18 can also be metallized (in order to form the base plate 1 or to be able to simply solder the ceramic block onto a base plate or a metal box).
  • the ceramic block 16 has two short and two long side surfaces 19, 20 and 21, 22.
  • the slot divider is formed in that a continuous strip-like metallization is provided on the side surfaces 19, 21, 20 to form a U-shaped circumferential conductor track. Said conductor track is formed by a strip-shaped region 25, 26 approximately in the middle between the two main surfaces 17, 18.
  • a metallization 24 is led down to the main surface 18.
  • the electrical connection between the resonance structure and the slot divider is also established by a metallization 27 attached to the side surface 19.
  • the side surface 20 is selectively metallized in mirror symmetry to the side surface 19. It is obvious that the metallization 24 corresponds to the leg 6, the metallization 25 to the leg 4, the metallization 26 to the middle part 2 and the full-area metallization of the main surface 17 to the two plates 9, 10 in FIG. 1.
  • a flat, continuous slot 23 is provided. This extends from the side surface 21 to the side surface 22 and is, for. B. fully metallized. Then only one metallization 32 (see FIG. 3) led from the slot 23 on the side surface 22 is to be provided for the supply.
  • the slot mentioned can be made in the mold before hardening or can be produced by drilling. However, it is also conceivable for two thin ceramic blocks to be joined to form a thick one, the strip conductor and possibly also the slot divider being formed between them in a flat design.
  • FIG. 3 shows in exaggerated perspective view of the ceramic block 16 from behind.
  • the slot 23 has a rectangular cross section and thus four inner surfaces 28, 29, 30, 31, which are all metallized.
  • the (already mentioned) selective metallization 32 is now provided for the supply on the side surface 22. It contacts the inner region of the slot 23.
  • the inductance is now generated in that the current is first passed in a loop along the slot edge 34, 35, 36 before it can flow in the passage direction of the slot 23.
  • a non-conductive line-shaped area 33 which separates the rear end of the slot metallization.
  • a variant is shown in FIG. 3, in which the non-conductive region 33 separates approximately half the width of the inner surface 28, the entire width of the inner surface 29 and approximately half the width of the inner surface 30 from the metallization in the slot. The current must therefore flow around half the circumference of the slot, which creates a corresponding inductance.
  • the size of the inductance can be varied simply by suitably choosing the length of the non-conductive region 33.
  • the inductance can also be forced by a corresponding loop of the current on the side surface 22. This means that the current must first flow a certain amount around the slot before it is fed into it.
  • the antenna becomes smaller at the same frequency.
  • z. B. to increase the length of the upper slot (between the second and third levels).
  • the losses caused by the dielectric should not be too great.
  • the antenna according to the invention has a very high efficiency of over 90% in air.
  • the antenna is characterized by a large bandwidth (in air, for example, 20% to 30%) and by a radiation with less or negligibly smaller Power perpendicular to base plate 1.
  • a good omnidirectional characteristic is given in the direction of the base plate.
  • the antenna according to the invention is in the area of wireless LANs (e.g. HIPERLAN).
  • the antenna can be mounted on a PCMCIA card. It is particularly advantageous to position two or more antennas of the type described. In this way, diversity reception can be realized.
  • antenna system could be packed in a volume of 54x28x5.2 mm3 (which corresponds to an extension of a PCMCIA card).
  • FIG. 4 shows an example of a U-shaped arrangement of three antenna elements 37, 38, 39 on an extension of a PCMCIA card 40.
  • the adjacent antenna elements 37 and 38 or 38 and 39 are each placed at right angles to one another.
  • the antenna elements 37, 38, 39 (which are each designed, for example, as shown in FIG. 1) are arranged as close as possible to the corresponding edge of the PCMCIA card 40.
  • two antennas with the narrow sides i.e. the angled legs
  • two antennas with the narrow sides can be set up directly next to one another.
  • the two antennas have an angular selectivity that they do not have (or not in a pronounced form) as a single antenna.
  • the receiver can select the appropriate one Antenna can be switched.
  • the antenna signals can also be advantageously combined. By changing the phase of the signal from one antenna to that of the other antenna, the angle selectivity can also be rotated as required.
  • the antenna is also suitable as an element for so-called antenna arrays.
  • several individual antennas are isolated or expediently arranged in the network in order to achieve a desired radiation / reception characteristic by combining their signals.
  • the invention is also suitable for hand-held radio telephones (cordless telephones, GSM cell phones, etc.).
  • the antenna can be placed on top of the cell phone as a compact component in order to show the desired radiation characteristics. It is even conceivable that the antenna according to the invention can be designed for the reception of two adjacent frequencies (dual frequency mode).
  • the antenna described has a large number of advantages.
  • Large bandwidth variability of the bandwidth, good options for impedance-based adaptation, small space requirements, omnidirectional radiation pattern in one plane and no radiation perpendicular to the plane, compatibility with a PCMCIA card (especially as a system consisting of several antenna elements) and Suitability for diversity reception.
  • Reference list 1 Base plate 2nd Middle section 3, 4 leg 5, 6 leg 7 Stripline 8th leg 9, 10 plate 11 gap 12, 13 Side surface 14, 15 gap 16 Ceramic block 17, 18 Main area 19, 20, 21, 22 Side surface 23 slot 24, 25, 26, 27 Metallization 28, 29, 30, 31 Inner surface 32 Metallization 33 non-conductive area 34, 35, 36 Slot edge 37, 38, 39 Antenna element 40 PCMCIA card

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)
EP97102472A 1996-03-13 1997-02-15 Antenne plane tridimensionnelle Expired - Lifetime EP0795926B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH66796 1996-03-13
CH66796 1996-03-13
CH667/96 1996-03-13

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0795926A2 true EP0795926A2 (fr) 1997-09-17
EP0795926A3 EP0795926A3 (fr) 1999-01-07
EP0795926B1 EP0795926B1 (fr) 2002-12-11

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ID=4192338

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97102472A Expired - Lifetime EP0795926B1 (fr) 1996-03-13 1997-02-15 Antenne plane tridimensionnelle

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5943020A (fr)
EP (1) EP0795926B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH1056320A (fr)
DE (1) DE59708915D1 (fr)

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EP0923156A1 (fr) * 1997-12-11 1999-06-16 Alcatel Antenne à court-circuit réalisée selon la technique des microrubans et dispositif incluant cette antenne
FR2772517A1 (fr) * 1997-12-11 1999-06-18 Alsthom Cge Alcatel Antenne multifrequence realisee selon la technique des microrubans et dispositif incluant cette antenne
WO2000036700A1 (fr) * 1998-12-16 2000-06-22 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Antenne multibande a plaque imprimee
WO2000057511A1 (fr) * 1999-03-24 2000-09-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Antenne multibande
EP1075043A1 (fr) * 1999-08-05 2001-02-07 Alcatel Antenne à empilement de structures résonantes et dispositif de radiocommunication multifréquence incluant cette antenne
WO2001018910A1 (fr) * 1999-09-03 2001-03-15 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Antenne
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CN108539395B (zh) * 2018-04-18 2023-10-13 深圳市信维通信股份有限公司 适用于5g通信的双频毫米波天线系统及其手持设备

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EP0795926A3 (fr) 1999-01-07
JPH1056320A (ja) 1998-02-24
US5943020A (en) 1999-08-24
EP0795926B1 (fr) 2002-12-11
DE59708915D1 (de) 2003-01-23

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