EP0808004A1 - Méthode d'extinction d'un arc électrique dû au courant de suivi dans un parafoudre, ainsi qu'un dispositif parafoudre, utilisant cette méthode - Google Patents

Méthode d'extinction d'un arc électrique dû au courant de suivi dans un parafoudre, ainsi qu'un dispositif parafoudre, utilisant cette méthode Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0808004A1
EP0808004A1 EP97107014A EP97107014A EP0808004A1 EP 0808004 A1 EP0808004 A1 EP 0808004A1 EP 97107014 A EP97107014 A EP 97107014A EP 97107014 A EP97107014 A EP 97107014A EP 0808004 A1 EP0808004 A1 EP 0808004A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spark gap
arc
gap arrangement
gas
arrangement according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97107014A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0808004B1 (fr
Inventor
Jörg Dipl.-Ing. Pospiech
Friedhelm Prof.Dr.-Ing. Noack
Peter Dr.-Ing. Hasse
Peter Dr.-Ing. Zahlmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dehn SE and Co KG
Original Assignee
Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0808004A1 publication Critical patent/EP0808004A1/fr
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Publication of EP0808004B1 publication Critical patent/EP0808004B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/02—Means for extinguishing arc
    • H01T1/08—Means for extinguishing arc using flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01T1/10—Means for extinguishing arc using flow of arc-extinguishing fluid with extinguishing fluid evolved from solid material by heat of arc

Definitions

  • Spark gap arrangements are a preferred component for overvoltage protection due to their large energy dissipation capacity, among other things.
  • a follow-on current can occur when discharging an overvoltage. For this reason, the demand for the follow current extinguishing capacity arises for such devices.
  • the current value is a few kA.
  • protective devices e.g. fuses
  • the invention which deals with this problem, relates first of all to a method for quenching the arc of a line follow current in a surge current-carrying, preferably to be used in low-voltage supply systems Spark gap, wherein a gas stream is blown approximately transversely to the longitudinal direction of the arc against this (preamble of claim 1).
  • a gas stream is blown approximately transversely to the longitudinal direction of the arc against this (preamble of claim 1).
  • Such a method is known from DE-OS 29 34 236. This creates a gas flow that flows across the arc but only hits it from one side. This causes the arc to expand, which contributes to increasing the arc field strength and thus promoting the extinguishing process.
  • This widening of the arc requires correspondingly large geometrical dimensions of the spark gap arrangement. This is also tied to certain geometric conditions for the shape of the electrodes.
  • DE 566 462 discloses a compressed gas switch with compressed gas-blown electrodes. A compressed gas is blown into the interior of a chamber in the axial direction of one of the electrodes. A pipe is attached near the chamber inner wall, a narrow space or parting line being formed between the chamber inner wall and the pipe. The tube has passage openings through which the introduced gas can enter the aforementioned parting line.
  • the object or problem of the invention is to create a method and a spark gap arrangement which is particularly suitable for carrying out this method, in order to achieve a much more intensive, i.e. achieve stronger and faster-acting deletion of the network follow-up current.
  • each line follow current flowing after the discharge of the surge current is to be automatically limited to such a small residual value that an interruption in the subsequent current zero crossing is completely unproblematic.
  • the intensive cooling of the light object increases its field strength and thus the arc voltage.
  • the proportion of the ohmic resistance in relation to the inductive resistance thereby becomes significantly larger, ie the value of the cos. ⁇ approaches 1.
  • the transient process known in such spark gap arrangements in which the current zero crossing and the voltage zero crossing do not coincide due to the phase shift present, is either completely avoided with the invention or at least very small and very quickly ended in amplitude.
  • Claim 2 specifies preferred materials for producing extinguishing gas.
  • the mass flow rate of the heated gases emerging from the spark gap can be adjusted.
  • the mass flow rate determines the residence time of the heated gases in the arc combustion chamber within the spark gap arrangement and thus also the amount of heat that is absorbed by the gases in the arc combustion chamber.
  • the mass throughput can be changed according to claim 5 by adjusting the exit velocity of the heated gases flowing out of the spark gap arrangement. Since these gases can have a very high speed of more than 1 Mach, such an adjustment is also advantageous or at least expedient in order to reduce the noise generated by a high outflow speed.
  • the aforementioned spark gap arrangement which is particularly suitable for carrying out the method according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, is initially the subject of claim 5.
  • the preamble of this claim 5 namely a spark gap arrangement with at least two electrodes, one of the electrodes and an arc combustion chamber Surrounding housing, a hard gas emitting a gas, in particular an extinguishing gas, and at least one outlet opening for the extinguishing gas is known from the spark gap arrangement already mentioned at the beginning according to DE-OS 29 34 236.
  • the electrodes are kept at a distance by means of an insulating piece.
  • a chamber surrounding the area of the arc discharge is provided with a cylindrical circumferential wall made of insulating material (hard gas), which releases the extinguishing gas under the action of heat.
  • This constructive structure is relatively complicated. It only causes the arc mentioned above to be pushed away from a gap between the two electrodes. The ionized Gases are blown outside. As also mentioned, only a relatively small exchange of energy between the cold gas and the hot arc is possible.
  • the arc combustion chamber is cylindrical, whereby the electrodes are located at the two end regions of this cylinder and that the arc combustion chamber is lined with the hard gas on the inside at least to such an extent that the gas emerging therefrom flows over the circumference of the cylinder to the arc which is located approximately in the central longitudinal axis of the cylinder.
  • the housing forms the cylinder jacket and the electrodes form the end closures of the cylinder.
  • the hard gas parts are to be attached, which are preferably a hollow cylindrical cylinder attached to the inside of the housing.
  • an outlet opening for the heated gases has to be provided.
  • Such a spark gap arrangement is structurally simple and robust. Your space requirement is very small.
  • the arrangement is also functionally advantageous.
  • the arc of the line follow current runs in a straight line, approximately in the central longitudinal axis of the cylinder between the two electrodes positioned on the end face.
  • the gas flowing concentrically onto the arc from all sides, ie from the inner surface of the hard gas presses against the plasma of the light arc and cannot, as in the prior art, laterally escape from the plasma, since this is caused by the gas flowing in from the other sides is prevented.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that it is self-controlling.
  • An essential self-control is that the amount of quenching gas generated by the heat radiation of the arc depends on the respective strength of the arc current. This automatically means that a very high arc current releases the correspondingly large amount of quenching gas, while a smaller arc produces a correspondingly smaller amount of quenching gas from the hard gas material.
  • the method and the associated spark gap arrangement according to the invention thus create an automatic and current-dependent control of the arc resistance. This can be used to limit the potential prospective follow current in the network, especially a low-voltage network, to a few 100 A.
  • the spark gap arrangement automatically creates the most favorable extinguishing conditions.
  • such a self-control is the common zero crossing of the voltage and current curves which results from the creation of an essentially ohmic resistance of the arc without special control means.
  • the spark gap arrangement shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 consists of a first electrode 1, a second electrode 2, an insulating material body 3 which emits a gas when heated and a housing-like carrier element 4.
  • a straight line is formed between the two electrodes 1, 2 Arc 6 off.
  • an arc combustion chamber 5 is provided between these two electrodes and within the insulating body 3.
  • the carrier element 4 and the insulating material body 3 are each hollow cylindrical.
  • the insulating material body 3 can be designed as a hollow cylindrical lining of the inner wall of the carrier element 4.
  • the insulating material body 3 preferably consists of a so-called hard gas, ie a material which releases an extinguishing gas when heated appropriately.
  • the insulating or hard gas body 3 surrounds the hollow cylindrical space in its interior, namely the above-mentioned arc combustion chamber 5.
  • the high resistance of the arc 6, which is necessary for effective current limitation, is achieved by means of the cooling thereof optimized by means of the gas flow 7.
  • Particularly favorable cooling conditions can be achieved if an extinguishing gas that is particularly suitable for this (see the examples above) is used.
  • This also includes, for example, H 2 , SF 6 . It can also be seen that the advantageous radial blowing of the arc by the quenching gas is particularly promoted by the hollow cylindrical design of the arc chamber 6.
  • the gas heated by the arc flows out through a passage opening 8 of the electrode 2 according to the arrows 9.
  • the opening 8 is preferably also hollow cylindrical and surrounds the central longitudinal axis A-A.
  • a focus of the base point 9 of the arc 6 is also provided on the end face 10 of the electrode 1 facing the arc combustion chamber.
  • the associated front end of the arc combustion chamber 5 is rounded approximately according to number 11, this part 11 of the corresponding end face of the hard gas according to FIG. 1 being shifted somewhat towards the outer end of the electrode 1, which is no longer shown in the drawing.
  • a gas flow 7 ′ can flow inward over the marginal edges 12 of the electrode 1 and bring about the aforementioned focusing of the base point 9 approximately in the middle of the end face 10.
  • This also keeps the area of the marginal edge 12 free from the arc, so that there are no burns which could adversely affect the response voltage of the spark gap.
  • the wear of the active parts of the spark gap is kept very low.
  • the base point of the arc 6 at the opposite electrode 2 moves in a spiral (see dash-dotted line 13) from point 14 to point 14 '. Its migration speed is relatively high, so that there is no annoying erosion on the wall of the outlet opening 8. Consequently Inadmissible thermal stress is also avoided in the area of this outlet opening 8. For this purpose, a ratio of the length L2 of the passage opening 8 to its diameter D2 of approximately 3: 1 is recommended. Thus, the wear of this electrode 2 also remains very small.
  • the present design and the low wear of both electrodes gives the main advantage that a very compact spark gap arrangement is created which, despite its very large follow-up current extinguishing capacity, has only very small external dimensions.
  • the heated gas is at a very high pressure in the arc combustion chamber, which increases the desired cooling effect.
  • the gas can reach a speed which can be a multiple of the speed of sound, ie 1 mach.
  • the passage speed of the hot gases through the opening 8 can be varied by appropriately designing the cross section of this opening 8. Examples of this are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • a low exit velocity of the heated gases from the opening 8 requires a correspondingly small mass throughput and thus a long residence time of the heated gases in the arc combustion chamber.
  • the gas flow penetrating the opening 8 very rapidly and strongly from the arc combustion chamber 5 causes the already explained movement of the base point 14 in the direction of the outlet side 8 ′ of the opening 8 and thus into its position 14 ′. If the length of the arc becomes too large, it goes out and the ignition in the area of the arc combustion chamber 6 can take place again if the insulation capacity inside the arc combustion chamber has not yet reached its optimum value again.
  • the flow direction 15 of the hot gases is shown. It first passes through the entry area of the passage opening 8, which is smaller in cross section D1, and exits at its exit area, which is larger in cross section D2. This causes a reduction in the exit speed compared to the entry speed at D1.
  • a cross-sectional shape according to FIG. 4 is also possible.
  • the stream of the heated gases coming from the arc combustion chamber according to arrow 15 first reaches the narrowing region 8, so that the speed of the gas stream increases up to a constriction 8 ′′ and thus increases the mass flow rate there accordingly.
  • the adjoining area 8 ′′ ′′ its cross section increases in the gas flow direction 15.
  • the passage speed of the gases then drops in accordance with the size of the opening angle of this region 8 '''.
  • the effect of this arrangement according to FIG. 4 is that the narrowed opening 8 '' is chosen only so large that the gases released by a surge current can still be conveyed straight through, the exit velocity of the constriction 8 '' being as large as possible .
  • the region 8 ′′ becomes effective with a corresponding opening angle that widens in the direction of flow, as a result of which the speed of the gas flow is reduced without the narrowed passage cross section 8 ′′ having to be changed.
  • the different diameters D1 when the gas stream 15 enters, D2 when it exits and finally D3 in the narrowed Location 8 ′′ of the passage opening 8 is shown.
  • FIG. 5 shows two spark gap arrangements F according to the invention within an installation housing 16, these spark gap arrangements being electrically connected in series.
  • the respective external connections are numbered 17 and an electrical connection between the two spark gap arrangements is numbered 18.
  • the gas streams 19 emerging from the spark gap arrangements are discharged to the outside through openings 20 in the installation housing.
  • a similar arrangement, but for only one spark gap arrangement F, can be seen in FIG. 6.
  • the numbers according to FIG. 5 apply.

Landscapes

  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Insulators (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Discharge Heating (AREA)
EP97107014A 1996-05-14 1997-04-28 Méthode d'extinction d'un arc électrique dû au courant de suivi dans un parafoudre, ainsi qu'un dispositif parafoudre, utilisant cette méthode Expired - Lifetime EP0808004B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19619334A DE19619334A1 (de) 1996-05-14 1996-05-14 Verfahren zur Löschung des Lichtbogens des Netzfolgestromes in einer Funkenstrecke sowie Funkenstreckenanordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE19619334 1996-05-14

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0808004A1 true EP0808004A1 (fr) 1997-11-19
EP0808004B1 EP0808004B1 (fr) 2003-03-19

Family

ID=7794233

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97107014A Expired - Lifetime EP0808004B1 (fr) 1996-05-14 1997-04-28 Méthode d'extinction d'un arc électrique dû au courant de suivi dans un parafoudre, ainsi qu'un dispositif parafoudre, utilisant cette méthode

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0808004B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE235115T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19619334A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0808004T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2193294T3 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0874430A3 (fr) * 1997-04-26 1998-12-16 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Eclateur
WO2015173279A1 (fr) * 2014-05-15 2015-11-19 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co.Kg Ensemble éclateur à refroidissement amélioré

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19818674B4 (de) 1998-04-27 2004-04-29 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Überspannungsschutzelement
DE19845889B4 (de) * 1998-10-06 2007-03-01 Dehn + Söhne GmbH + Co KG Funkenstreckenanordnung
DE102007056165A1 (de) 2007-11-21 2009-05-28 Epcos Ag Überspannungsableiter mit thermischem Überlastschutz

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE710387C (de) * 1937-08-14 1941-09-12 Siemens Schuckertwerke Akt Ges UEberspannungssicherung
DE732002C (de) * 1939-10-13 1943-02-19 Aeg UEberspannungsableiter
CH234227A (de) * 1943-07-03 1944-09-15 Oerlikon Maschf Uberspannungsableiter mit Blasfunkenstrecke.
DE759626C (de) * 1938-12-23 1953-05-26 Siemens Schuckertwerke A G Selbstloeschende Entladungsstrecke
AT311478B (de) * 1971-06-18 1973-11-26 Elin Union Ag Hochspannungslast- oder -leistungsschalter
DE2934236A1 (de) * 1979-08-24 1981-03-26 Ant Nachrichtentechnik Gmbh, 71522 Backnang Ueberspannungsableiter mit funkenstrecke
US4444671A (en) * 1976-03-29 1984-04-24 S&C Electric Company Arc extinguishing material

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE566462C (de) * 1931-06-16 1932-12-17 Aeg Elektrischer Apparat mit druckgasbeblasenen Elektroden
GB528895A (en) * 1938-05-21 1940-11-08 Westinghouse Electric Int Co Improvements in or relating to a method of and apparatus for protecting electrical apparatus
DE2934238C2 (de) * 1979-08-24 1982-02-18 Dehn + Söhne GmbH + Co KG, 8500 Nürnberg Funkenstrecke
DE3829650A1 (de) * 1988-09-01 1990-03-15 Telefunken Systemtechnik Kombinierte loeschfunkenstrecke

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE710387C (de) * 1937-08-14 1941-09-12 Siemens Schuckertwerke Akt Ges UEberspannungssicherung
DE759626C (de) * 1938-12-23 1953-05-26 Siemens Schuckertwerke A G Selbstloeschende Entladungsstrecke
DE732002C (de) * 1939-10-13 1943-02-19 Aeg UEberspannungsableiter
CH234227A (de) * 1943-07-03 1944-09-15 Oerlikon Maschf Uberspannungsableiter mit Blasfunkenstrecke.
AT311478B (de) * 1971-06-18 1973-11-26 Elin Union Ag Hochspannungslast- oder -leistungsschalter
US4444671A (en) * 1976-03-29 1984-04-24 S&C Electric Company Arc extinguishing material
DE2934236A1 (de) * 1979-08-24 1981-03-26 Ant Nachrichtentechnik Gmbh, 71522 Backnang Ueberspannungsableiter mit funkenstrecke

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0874430A3 (fr) * 1997-04-26 1998-12-16 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Eclateur
US5963413A (en) * 1997-04-26 1999-10-05 Dehn + Sohne GmbH & Co. KG Spark gap
WO2015173279A1 (fr) * 2014-05-15 2015-11-19 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co.Kg Ensemble éclateur à refroidissement amélioré

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK0808004T3 (da) 2003-07-14
ATE235115T1 (de) 2003-04-15
DE19619334A1 (de) 1997-11-20
ES2193294T3 (es) 2003-11-01
DE59709538D1 (de) 2003-04-24
EP0808004B1 (fr) 2003-03-19

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