EP0808663A2 - Appareil de pulvérisation électrostatique - Google Patents

Appareil de pulvérisation électrostatique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0808663A2
EP0808663A2 EP97102101A EP97102101A EP0808663A2 EP 0808663 A2 EP0808663 A2 EP 0808663A2 EP 97102101 A EP97102101 A EP 97102101A EP 97102101 A EP97102101 A EP 97102101A EP 0808663 A2 EP0808663 A2 EP 0808663A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spray
main body
coating
nozzle
powder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP97102101A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0808663A3 (fr
Inventor
Gerald Haas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gema Switzerland GmbH
Original Assignee
Gema Switzerland GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gema Switzerland GmbH filed Critical Gema Switzerland GmbH
Publication of EP0808663A2 publication Critical patent/EP0808663A2/fr
Publication of EP0808663A3 publication Critical patent/EP0808663A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B3/00—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements
    • B05B3/02—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements
    • B05B3/10—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements discharging over substantially the whole periphery of the rotating member
    • B05B3/1064—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements discharging over substantially the whole periphery of the rotating member the liquid or other fluent material to be sprayed being axially supplied to the rotating member through a hollow rotating shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/04—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/04—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces
    • B05B5/0415—Driving means; Parts thereof, e.g. turbine, shaft, bearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/04—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces
    • B05B5/0418—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces designed for spraying particulate material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/053—Arrangements for supplying power, e.g. charging power
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/0081—Apparatus supplied with low pressure gas, e.g. "hvlp"-guns; air supplied by a fan
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/02—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape
    • B05B1/04—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape in flat form, e.g. fan-like, sheet-like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/03—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by the use of gas, e.g. electrostatically assisted pneumatic spraying
    • B05B5/032—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by the use of gas, e.g. electrostatically assisted pneumatic spraying for spraying particulate materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrostatic spraying device for spraying coating fluid in the form of powder or liquid coating article according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Spray devices of this type are generally referred to as an electrostatic spray coating gun. They can be designed as hand-held devices and have a handle for them, or they can be designed as automatic pistols in such a way that they can be carried by a stationary device or a lifting stand or a robot. All of these possibilities also exist for the present invention.
  • An electrostatic spray gun is known for example from US-A-4 196 465. It is used to spray coating powder onto an object to be coated.
  • the pistol has a pistol barrel to which a handle can be attached or which can be attached to a carrier machine. Through the gun barrel, a powder channel extends from a rear barrel end to a spray nozzle at the front barrel end.
  • One or more high-voltage electrodes are arranged in the flow path of the powder near the nozzle and are electrically connected to the high-voltage side of a high-voltage generator.
  • the high voltage generator is housed in the gun barrel and contains, for example, a direct current / alternating current converter or oscillator, a transformer and a cascade circuit, which are connected to one another in this order.
  • the low voltage side of the high voltage generator can be connected to an external low voltage source by means of an electrical cable.
  • the high-voltage generator could be arranged externally from the spray gun and connected to the high-voltage electrodes via a high-voltage cable.
  • the coating powder is conveyed pneumatically by a stream of compressed air and sprayed at the spray nozzle to form a powder cloud which flows onto the object to be coated.
  • the powder is sprayed or atomized in the spray nozzle by the nozzle effect and / or by the diffuser effect.
  • the spray nozzle forms a stationary body together with the gun barrel.
  • the high voltage electrical on the high voltage electrode or electrodes can have a value between 1 kilovolt and 170 kilovolt and is usually in the lower half between these two values.
  • An electrostatic spray gun for spraying liquid coating material onto an object to be coated is known from EP-A-0 513 626, in which the spraying or atomization of the coating liquid at the spray nozzle is supported by additional atomizing air.
  • Coating liquid can be atomized in the same way as coating powder on the spray nozzle, for which purpose it is necessary that the coating liquid is supplied to the nozzle at a relatively high pressure. So that the delivery pressure of the Coating liquid can be reduced, additional atomizing air is used in the manner mentioned.
  • the atomizing air can be "high-pressure air with a low flow volume” or "low-pressure air with a high flow volume” or a variant in between. The latter is also known as high-volume-low-pressure or HVLP air.
  • a flat spray jet can be generated in that the nozzle opening has a slit-shaped, flat cross-sectional shape.
  • a rotating atomizing bell can be used for spraying the coating powder or atomizing the coating liquid, as is known, for example, from US Pat. No. 5,353,995 and EP-A-0 410 717.
  • the powder particles of the powder cloud penetrate the cavities of the object to be coated very poorly, which is due to the large cloud shape.
  • the kinetic energy of the powder particles in the powder channel of the spray device is distributed over the much larger cross-sectional area of the powder cloud. This gives the powder particles less "forward moment of motion” so that the powder particles can better follow the electric field lines that run from the high voltage electrical electrode to the grounded electrical conductor closest to the electrode.
  • This in turn has the consequence that the electrical field lines and thus also the powder particles cannot penetrate into cavities of the object to be coated, or only insufficiently.
  • the objects to be coated are mostly made of electrically conductive material and are made by one made of metal transported, which is grounded.
  • the object of the invention is to be able to use both advantages in spray coating with coating fluid in the form of coating liquid, but especially in the form of coating powder, namely the generation of uniform coating thicknesses over large surfaces and good penetration of the coating fluid particles into cavities of an object to be coated in order to thereby coat interior surfaces of such cavities with good quality and good efficiency.
  • the object of the invention is also to achieve a more uniform particle distribution in the sprayed fluid jet.
  • the invention produces a better homogenization of the spray jet.
  • a flat jet nozzle is used for spraying coating powder and this flat jet nozzle is rotated at a relatively low speed around an axis of rotation which is the central longitudinal axis of the flat jet nozzle.
  • the low speed of the flat jet nozzle, or in other applications, round jet nozzles or other shaped nozzles, means that the coating fluid cloud does not expand too much and therefore does not lose too much forward moment of motion, but the uniform layer thickness distribution on the object to be coated is essential is better than with non-rotating spray nozzles because the coating fluid cloud is homogenized by the rotating movement.
  • Another advantage of the invention is the good application efficiency with which the coating fluid is applied to the object to be coated.
  • the speed of the spray nozzle can be regulated in a simple manner, although in many cases no speed control is required.
  • a further advantage is that stationary spray nozzles can be exchanged for rotary spray nozzles in spray devices already on the market.
  • the invention is described below with reference to a spray device for spray coating with coating powder, but the invention can also be used for liquid coating fluid.
  • the spray device shown schematically in FIGS. 1 and 2 is described below for spraying coating powder onto an object to be coated. Since the spraying device is shown schematically, however, it could also be described using liquid coating material.
  • the spraying device has a non-rotating main body 2 and a rotating body 6 rotating relative thereto about an axis of rotation 4.
  • the non-rotating main body 2 contains a housing 8 which is annular in cross section to the axis of rotation 4 and a tube 10 connected to the housing 8 in a rotationally fixed manner, which extends coaxially to the axis of rotation 4 through the housing 8 and has a tube section 12 projecting outward from the housing 8.
  • the housing 8 contains a high voltage generator 14, the low voltage input side of which is electrically connected to an electrical low voltage cable 16 and the high voltage side of which is connected to high voltage electrodes 18 for electrostatically charging the coating powder.
  • the direct voltage high voltage of the high voltage electrodes 18 can be in the range between 1 KV and 170 KV, preferably in the range between approximately 20 KV and 100 KV.
  • the housing 8 contains turbine compressed air nozzles 20 which are connected to a compressed air line 22 and direct compressed air 24 against turbine blades 26 of a turbine wheel 28 in such a way that the turbine wheel 28 is rotated about the axis of rotation 4 relative to the housing 8.
  • the turbine wheel 28 is screwed by a thread 30 to a nozzle body 32, the downstream end of which is designed as a nozzle element 33 which has a nozzle opening or spray opening 34 arranged axially to the axis of rotation 4.
  • the spray opening 34 has the slot shape shown in FIG. 2, so that a powder stream 36 flowing through the tube 10 through the spray opening 34 is atomized into a powder cloud 38 with a flat cross section, which flows onto the object to be coated.
  • the turbine wheel 28 and the nozzle body 32 together form the rotary body 6 and are on the forward protruding pipe section 12 is rotatably mounted about the axis of rotation 4.
  • the nozzle body 32 and its spray opening 34 rotate together with the turbine wheel 28 and the particles of the axial powder stream are rotated in a vortex-like manner by the nozzle body 32 and its spray opening 34 about the axis of rotation 4.
  • the powder particles in the powder cloud 38 are driven radially outward to the axis of rotation 4 and distributed more uniformly within the powder cloud 38 than is possible without rotation of the nozzle body 32.
  • the atomization of the coating powder is not caused by the rotation, but by the effect of the nozzle.
  • the spray opening 34 could also be designed such that it atomizes the coating powder by means of a diffuser effect.
  • the rotation can support atomization.
  • the high voltage electrodes 18 are located in the nozzle body 32 in or next to the flow path of the coating powder 36 in or close to the spray opening 34 in such a way that they can electrostatically charge the coating powder. As is known, separately supplied electrode air flows around the high-voltage electrodes 18 so that no powder particles can adhere to them and thus the ions of the high-voltage electrodes 18 are driven into the powder stream 36. Instead of two electrodes 18, only one or more electrodes can be provided. Instead of the arranged according to FIG. 1 on the inner circumference of the nozzle body 32 Electrodes 18 or additionally, a high-voltage electrode can be arranged in the radial center in the axis of rotation 4.
  • the high-voltage path from the high-voltage generator 14 to the high-voltage electrodes 18 consists of a non-rotating stationary electrical conductor 40 in the housing 8 and an electrical conductor 42 rotating relative to the axis of rotation 4, which extends through the turbine wheel 28 and the nozzle body 32.
  • the adjacent ends of the two conductors 40 and 42 are separated from one another by such a small air gap 44 between the housing 8 and the rotating body 6 that the high electrical voltage can jump from the non-rotating conductor 40 to the rotating conductor 42 through the air gap 44 .
  • a contactless electrical connection is formed between the two conductors 40 and 42.
  • an electrical resistor 46 can be arranged in the electrical conduction path 40, 42, which limits the maximum electrical current of the high-voltage electrodes 18 in the event of a short circuit.
  • FIG. 3 shows a front view of another embodiment of a nozzle body 32 which has a nozzle opening or spray opening 34 which is circular in cross section.
  • a slide bearing 48 is formed between the tube piece 12 of the base body 2 projecting forward and the rotary body 6.
  • the housing 8 has a sleeve part 50 which extends from the rear to the front over the turbine wheel 28 and the adjoining rear section of the nozzle body 32 and between them and these parts 28, 32 an annular gap 52 forms.
  • a sleeve part 50 which extends from the rear to the front over the turbine wheel 28 and the adjoining rear section of the nozzle body 32 and between them and these parts 28, 32 an annular gap 52 forms.
  • at least a part 53 of the turbine exhaust air can flow forward through this annular gap 52 over the nozzle body 32 and blow powder particles away from it.
  • Another part 55 of the turbine exhaust air can escape through bores 54 which are formed in the sleeve part 50 around the turbine blades 26.
  • Throttles 56 which have throttle openings of different sizes, can be screwed interchangeably into the bores 54.
  • the parts 53 and 55 of the turbine exhaust air can be adjusted in quantity, and the flow velocity of the turbine exhaust air and thus can the speed of the turbine wheel 28 can also be controlled to a limited extent.
  • the rotating body 6 is rotatably supported on a tubular hub 57 by two roller bearings 58 and 60 arranged at an axial distance from one another.
  • rolling bearings 58 and 60 for example ball bearings or roller bearings
  • plain bearings can also be used in this embodiment.
  • the hub 57 is a non-rotatable component of the housing 8 and thus also non-rotatably connected to the tube 10, so that these parts are non-rotatable or stationary and can be held by hand or a machine, for example a lifting stand or a robot arm.
  • the tubular hub 57 is arranged concentrically with the axis of rotation 4.
  • the rotary body 6 contains at its rear end a hollow hub part 62 which surrounds the stationary hub 57 and is connected to it by the roller bearings 58 and 60.
  • One or more electrical resistors 46 are arranged in the rotating nozzle body 32 and a high-voltage electrode 18 is arranged axially in the axis of rotation 4 upstream just before the slit-shaped spray opening 34.
  • the high voltage electrode 18 extends through an electrode air duct 68 of an electrode holder 70, which is in the form of a thin plate.
  • the plate-shaped electrode holder 70 lies in the axis of rotation 4 in the powder flow path, so that powder can flow past it on both sides.
  • the rotating body 6 is separable from the non-rotatable main body 2 and the elements of the main body 2 and the rotating body 6 can also be disassembled, so that they can be disassembled for cleaning purposes or can be exchanged for corresponding other parts to achieve different spray characteristics.
  • the electrical resistor or resistors 46 may be housed in the non-rotating main body 2 instead of the rotating spray nozzle body 32.
  • the speeds of the spray nozzle body 32 are in the range between 120 U / min and 6000 U / min and are therefore significantly lower than the speeds of the known atomizer bells, at which the coating fluid is not sprayed through a nozzle, but only by its rotation, so that the atomizer bells have speeds in the range between 2000 rpm and 12000 rpm.
  • the nozzle element 33 can be braked and positioned during the coating, so that the spray jet can penetrate into any folds or cavities in the object to be coated.
  • a sprayer that can be used for both surface coating and profile coating.
  • the turbine air flow can be reversed or a braking device used, e.g. a hose 70 expandable with compressed air, which can be clamped by expansion between a non-rotating part of the main body 2 and a part rotating relative to it together with the nozzle element 33.
  • 4A shows such a hose 70, which is arranged in a ring between the hub 57 and the sleeve part 50.
  • the powder is guided in a spiral around the electrode 18 by the rotation of the nozzle element 33 and its spray opening 34. This spiral increases the distance that the powder has to travel in the charging zone of the electrode 18 compared to a stationary nozzle. As a result, the powder is charged much better electrically and the first-order efficiency increases.

Landscapes

  • Electrostatic Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
EP97102101A 1996-05-24 1997-02-10 Appareil de pulvérisation électrostatique Withdrawn EP0808663A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19621072A DE19621072A1 (de) 1996-05-24 1996-05-24 Elektrostatische Sprühvorrichtung
DE19621072 1996-05-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0808663A2 true EP0808663A2 (fr) 1997-11-26
EP0808663A3 EP0808663A3 (fr) 1998-08-19

Family

ID=7795299

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97102101A Withdrawn EP0808663A3 (fr) 1996-05-24 1997-02-10 Appareil de pulvérisation électrostatique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5922131A (fr)
EP (1) EP0808663A3 (fr)
JP (1) JPH1043644A (fr)
CA (1) CA2205312C (fr)
DE (1) DE19621072A1 (fr)

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EP3870375A1 (fr) 2018-10-26 2021-09-01 Graco Minnesota Inc. Cartouche de fluide pour pulvérisateur de plusieurs composants
CN109777216B (zh) * 2018-12-10 2021-05-04 北京汽车集团有限公司 喷头、约束阻尼涂层结构及其制备方法
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EP0410717A2 (fr) 1989-07-26 1991-01-30 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Dispositif d'atomisation rotatif
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US5353995A (en) 1992-06-10 1994-10-11 Sames S.A. Device with rotating ionizer head for electrostatically spraying a powder coating product

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5922131A (en) 1999-07-13
JPH1043644A (ja) 1998-02-17
CA2205312A1 (fr) 1997-11-24
EP0808663A3 (fr) 1998-08-19
DE19621072A1 (de) 1997-11-27
CA2205312C (fr) 2001-07-17

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