EP0809001A1 - Collecteur d'échappement - Google Patents

Collecteur d'échappement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0809001A1
EP0809001A1 EP97810309A EP97810309A EP0809001A1 EP 0809001 A1 EP0809001 A1 EP 0809001A1 EP 97810309 A EP97810309 A EP 97810309A EP 97810309 A EP97810309 A EP 97810309A EP 0809001 A1 EP0809001 A1 EP 0809001A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
catalyst
exhaust gas
inlet
axis
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97810309A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0809001B1 (fr
Inventor
Pieter Delfina Dr. Steenackers
Adrianus J.F. Hoefnagels
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Scambia Industrial Developments AG
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Scambia Industrial Developments AG
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Publication of EP0809001A1 publication Critical patent/EP0809001A1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
    • F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
    • F01N13/10—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of exhaust manifolds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
    • F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2839—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
    • F01N3/2842—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration specially adapted for monolithic supports, e.g. of honeycomb type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
    • F01N13/16—Selection of particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F01N3/2807—Metal other than sintered metal
    • F01N3/281—Metallic honeycomb monoliths made of stacked or rolled sheets, foils or plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892—Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an exhaust manifold.
  • the exhaust manifold can form part of an exhaust system for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle.
  • the internal combustion engine consists, for example, of a gasoline engine and has, for example, several cylindrical combustion chambers in which a piston which can be moved back and forth is arranged.
  • the engine could instead be designed as a rotary piston engine and have a combustion chamber containing rotary pistons. Each combustion chamber is connected to an exhaust gas outlet of the internal combustion engine.
  • An exhaust manifold known from DE 295 05 660 U has a plurality of individual lines formed from straight connections, the inlets of which can be connected to the exhaust gas outlets of the internal combustion engine and the ends of which face away from the inlets open into a horizontal manifold which is perpendicular to their axes.
  • Each nozzle contains unspecified catalyst.
  • the cross-sectional areas of the catalyst means present in the connectors or individual lines are apparently at most approximately the same size as the cross-sectional areas of the inlet openings of the connectors.
  • the catalyst means therefore cause a large flow resistance and a large pressure drop or back pressure, which reduces the useful output of the engine.
  • the manifold also contains catalyst agents, which increase the flow resistance and the back pressure.
  • FIGS. 7 to 10 of FR 2 179 689 A show exhaust manifolds with a plurality of lines which are connected to exhaust gas outlets of an internal combustion engine and contain catalytic agents.
  • the catalyst means of these exhaust manifolds also have only small cross-sectional areas transverse to the direction of flow of the exhaust gases flowing through them, or require several sharp deflections of the exhaust gas and the passage of the exhaust gas through cavities with small cross-sectional areas.
  • the catalyst means and / or the gas flow from and to the catalyst means therefore also cause high flow resistances and back pressures in these known exhaust manifolds, and in particular in the variant according to FIGS. 9, 10 inhomogeneous flow distributions in the catalyst means.
  • DE 42 36 893 A discloses an exhaust pipe connected to an exhaust gas outlet of an internal combustion engine.
  • a curved portion of this contains catalyst media with a stack of plates.
  • These catalyst means have the disadvantages that their cross-sectional areas are at most approximately equal to that of the passage of the remaining tube and that their exhaust gas passages are of different lengths depending on the radius of curvature, so that the exhaust gas is cleaned to different degrees in the different passages. Furthermore, the production of such catalyst agents is difficult and expensive.
  • US 5 330 728 A discloses catalysts, the housing of which has an inlet, a catalyst section containing catalyst agent and an outlet.
  • the inlet and the outlet are staggered and parallel to each other Axes, while the axis of the catalyst section and the passages of the catalyst means are inclined to these axes.
  • the exhaust gas inlet surface and the exhaust gas outlet surface of the catalyst means are flat and parallel to the axes of the inlet and outlet.
  • the exhaust gas is strongly deflected immediately after the catalyst means, the housing on one side of the exhaust gas exit surface of the catalyst means having a wall directly adjoining it, which forms a rather acute angle with the exhaust gas exit surface.
  • a pressure drop arises over the exhaust gas outlet surface, which influences and makes the exhaust gas flow in the catalyst means inhomogeneous. This worsens the efficiency of the catalyst agents.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an exhaust manifold that avoids disadvantages of the known exhaust manifold.
  • the catalyst means with the lowest possible increase in flow resistance and back pressure, enable good cleaning of the exhaust gas, that the exhaust gas flow in the catalyst means is distributed as evenly as possible, that the supply of the exhaust gas to the catalyst means and the discharge of the exhaust gas in cause only the lowest possible flow resistance to the discharge section of the lines directly adjoining the catalyst means and that the space required for the exhaust manifold with catalyst means is only slightly increased and the installation of the exhaust manifold is made as difficult as possible.
  • each line of the exhaust manifold provided for connection to the internal combustion engine contains catalyst means.
  • the catalyst means can therefore be arranged so close to the engine that the exhaust gas is cooled only slightly during a cold start between the internal combustion engine and the catalyst means and the catalyst means are heated up to a temperature in a short heating-up time in a short heating-up time, which is an efficient, catalytic treatment of the Exhaust gas allows.
  • the catalyst means arranged in the various lines of the exhaust manifold can have relatively large cross-sectional areas across their exhaust gas passages, which are preferably significantly larger than the areas of the inlet openings of the lines. Furthermore, the exhaust gas passed through its lines when the exhaust manifold is used can be distributed to the exhaust gas inlet surfaces of the catalyst means and in the discharge space directly adjoining the exhaust gas outlet surfaces of the catalyst means can be directed away from the catalyst means in such a way that the flow distribution in the catalyst means the entire cross-sectional area having exhaust gas passages becomes very uniform. This enables optimal use of all of the catalyst agents and a high degree of efficiency.
  • the exhaust gas can be distributed to the exhaust gas inlet surface of the catalyst means and directed away from them in such a way that only a slight counterpressure arises.
  • the exhaust manifold can be easily installed in a small space Motor vehicles, in particular motor vehicles and especially passenger cars are installed.
  • the internal combustion engine 1 shown in FIG. 1 is installed in a motor vehicle - for example in a passenger car and consists of a gasoline engine.
  • the internal combustion engine 1 is drawn in a top view and has an engine housing 2 and at least two and, for example, four cylinders.
  • the cylinders delimit combustion chambers 3 and each contain a piston which can be moved back and forth.
  • Each combustion chamber 3 is connected to an exhaust gas outlet 4.
  • the four exhaust outlets have circular openings, for example in one common flat, and approximately vertical connection surface 5 of the motor housing 2.
  • the motor vehicle has an exhaust manifold 11, which is shown schematically in FIG. 1 partly in plan view, partly in development and partly also in FIGS. 2 to 4.
  • the exhaust manifold 11 has at least two, namely four individual lines 12 with a metallic, rigid wall, for example made of stainless steel.
  • Each individual line 12 has a tightly connected to one of the exhaust gas outlets 4 of the engine, approximately horizontal, first leg 13 with an inlet 15 and an exhaust gas distributor 16.
  • the first leg 12 is connected to the first leg by an angle with it second leg 17 extending downward.
  • This has a catalyst section 18, a discharge section 19, a transition section 20 and a connecting section 21 in the direction running away from the first leg.
  • the second leg 17 is connected to the main section 23 of the single line 12 in the connecting section 21. This has an exit 24.
  • the exhaust manifold 11 is provided, for example, at the inlets 15 with a metallic, generally stainless steel, generally flat connection plate 26, which has a hole for each line 12 and is inseparably connected, for example welded, to the initial sections of all four inlets 15 is.
  • the connection plate 26 rests on the connection surface 5 of the motor housing 2 and is detachably fastened to the motor housing with fastening means, for example screws or the like.
  • the exhaust manifold 11 also has a collecting and connecting device 28. This is composed, for example, of three Y-shaped connecting elements and has four inputs, each of which is connected to an output 23 of a single line 12.
  • the collecting and connecting device 28 also has an outlet which forms the outlet 28 of the entire exhaust manifold 11 which is common to all individual lines 12 and is connected to an exhaust pipe 29.
  • Each inlet 15 has a straight, approximately horizontal inlet axis 31 and, at its start connected to the motor housing 2, a circular inlet opening 32 that is rotationally symmetrical with the inlet axis which lies in an approximately vertical plane, for example.
  • the transition section 20 defines a transition axis 36 intersecting the axis 33.
  • the inlet 15 has a short cylindrical and / or conical jacket or wall section at its beginning and is successively quadrangular in the direction running away from the inlet opening.
  • the wall of the exhaust gas distributor 16 has a lateral wall section on both sides, which is approximately flat and parallel to a plane running through the axes 31, 33.
  • the distributor 16 also has a flat top wall section that is perpendicular to the latter plane and, for example, approximately parallel to the inlet axis 31.
  • the distributor 16 is open at the bottom and has a quadrangular, namely rectangular, edge lying in a plane inclined to the inlet axis.
  • the catalyst section 18 and the discharge section 19 together consist of a tube section or jacket which is essentially quadrangular in cross section, namely rectangular, parallel to the axis 33.
  • the rectangle formed by this in cross section has two longer sides of the rectangle which are parallel to the plane running through the axes 31, 33. At both ends, the catalyst section and the shroud forming jacket have edges lying at right angles to the axis 33.
  • Transition section 20 is rectangular at its upper end, namely rectangular, gradually becomes circular in cross section at the bottom and is connected at its lower end to the short, for example cylindrical connecting section 21 which is circular in cross section.
  • the main sections 23 of the lines 12 adjoining the connecting sections 21 consist of tubes which are circular in cross section and bent in their longitudinal directions.
  • the two legs 13, 17 are formed approximately or exactly the same for all lines 12, for example, while the main sections 23 are different, but are curved such that all lines 12 are approximately the same length.
  • the catalyst section 18 of each individual line 12 contains catalyst means 41 for the catalytic treatment of the exhaust gas flowing through the line 12 in question.
  • the catalyst means 41 present in a catalyst section have at least one catalyst body 42 and, for example, two catalyst bodies 42 arranged one behind the other in the flow direction of the exhaust gas. These are, for example, of the same design and cuboid.
  • One of the catalytic converter bodies 42 is drawn separately in FIG. 5 and has a square-shaped, namely rectangular, sleeve 45 with two flat, parallel first walls 46 and two flat, parallel, second walls 47.
  • the sleeve 45 contains a package 48 of alternating successive first, flat sheet metal elements and second, corrugated sheet metal elements.
  • the sheet metal elements are square in plan view.
  • the first, flat sheet metal elements are parallel to the second walls 47.
  • the shafts of the second sheet metal elements are parallel and to the axis of the sleeve 35.
  • the successive sheet metal elements touch one another at the wave apexes of the second sheet metal elements.
  • Each edge of the sheet metal elements parallel to the waves abuts one of the first walls 46 and is firmly connected to the relevant wall 46 at least in one edge section and, for example, in two edge sections spaced apart from one another by a weld connection indicated in FIG. 5 and designated by 49.
  • the edges of the sheet metal elements that are perpendicular to the shafts are at least approximately flush with the edges of the walls of the sleeve and form a flat end surface at both ends of the sleeve, which serves as an exhaust gas inlet surface or exhaust gas outlet surface.
  • the sheet metal elements have a core made of steel and coatings, which have porous metal oxide and catalytically active material, namely platinum and rhodium.
  • the successive sheet metal elements together, in pairs, delimit exhaust gas passages 50, which run from the exhaust gas inlet surface to the exhaust gas outlet surface.
  • the thickness of the metallic cores of the sheet metal elements is preferably at most 0.1 mm and, for example, approximately 0.05 mm.
  • the thickness of a sheet metal element with coatings facing away from each other is then at most 0.3 mm and, for example, approximately 0.1 mm to 0.15 mm.
  • the wave height measured for one and the same area from wave crest to wave crest of a corrugated sheet metal element provided with coatings is expediently at most 1.5 mm, preferably at most 1 mm, preferably at least 0.1 mm and for example approximately 0.3 mm to 0.8 mm.
  • the wavelength can be approximately 1 mm to 2 mm, for example.
  • a package of sheet metal elements in a cross section perpendicular to the shafts and the exhaust gas passages preferably has at least 150 passages per cm 2 and, for example, approximately 180 to 200 passages per cm 2 .
  • the sleeves 45 of the catalyst body 42 sit snugly or with at most little play in the catalyst section 18 of each line 12 and are fixed to the wall of the catalyst section connected, for example welded.
  • 3 at the upper end of the upper catalytic converter body 42 forms the exhaust gas entry area 51 of the entire catalytic means 41.
  • the inlet surface 51, the outlet surface 55 and the mutually facing end surfaces of the two catalyst bodies are perpendicular to the catalyst and discharge axis 33.
  • the exhaust gas inlet surface 51 is approximately flush with the upper end of the second leg 17.
  • Each line 12 has a passage 55 which apart from the area occupied by the catalyst means consists of free cavities.
  • a narrow gap 57 is present between the two catalyst bodies of each line 12.
  • the exhaust gas passages 50 of the two catalyst bodies run essentially parallel to the axis 33 from the inlet surface 51 to the outlet surface 53, wherein they are divided by the intermediate space 57 between the two catalyst bodies.
  • the section of the passage 55 which directly adjoins the exit surface 53 and is enclosed in cross section by the discharge section 19 of the leg 17 is referred to as the discharge chamber 58.
  • the passage section contained in the transition section 20 is referred to as the transition space 59.
  • the inlet axis 31 intersects the catalyst and discharge axis 33 at an angle ⁇ of 45 ° to 135 ° and preferably approximately 60 ° to 120 °.
  • angle ⁇ between a section of the inlet axis 31 lying within the inlet and a portion of the catalyst axis lying within the catalyst section is measured.
  • the second leg 17 is inclined downward, for example, from the inlet opening 32, so that the angle ⁇ , when measured on the lower, inner side of the apex formed by the two axes 31, 33, is an obtuse angle and more than 90 ° is.
  • the exhaust gas inlet surface 51 of the catalyst means which is perpendicular to the axis 33, accordingly forms an acute angle ⁇ with the inlet axis 31, which is at most approximately 45 °.
  • the exhaust gas distribution space 56 has a cross-sectional area measured perpendicular to the inlet axis 31, which decreases away from the inlet opening 32 along the inlet axis 31 at least approximately and, for example, exactly linearly with the distance from the inlet opening and at the edge of the inlet surface 51 that is most distant from the inlet opening becomes almost zero.
  • the circular inlet opening 32 has a diameter d.
  • the approximately horizontal inlet 15 of each line 12 can be made short, so that the exhaust gas inlet surfaces 51 of the catalyst means are relatively close to the inlet opening 32 of the line concerned.
  • the position of the exhaust gas inlet surface 51 of the catalytic means 41 closest to the inlet opening 32 - i.e. in deer Fig. 3, the lower edge of the exhaust gas inlet surface - is measured from the flat mouth surface of the inlet parallel to the inlet axis at a distance that is, for example, at most equal to twice the diameter d of the inlet opening or even only at most equal to this diameter d and preferably at most 5 cm and for example only about 1 cm to 3 cm.
  • the catalyst body 43 forms a rectangle in a cross section perpendicular to the axis 33 and the exhaust gas passages 50 and has the parallel to the longer side of the rectangle Cross-sectional dimension or length a parallel to the shorter side of the rectangle, the cross-sectional dimension or width b and the maximum cross-sectional dimension c measured diagonally to the said rectangle.
  • a catalyst body 42 has the dimension or height h parallel to the axis 33 and to the exhaust gas passages 50.
  • the section of the passage 55 of a line 12 delimited by the catalytic converter section 18 forms a cross-section in the form of a rectangle, the longer side of which is parallel to a plane running through the axes 31 and 33 and has a length approximately equal to the dimension a of that with at most a small clearance in Leg 17 arranged catalyst body or slightly larger than a.
  • the dimension a is larger, namely at least 30%, preferably at least 50% or even at least 100% larger than the diameter d of the inlet opening 32.
  • the diameter d and the dimension a are, for example, approximately 25 mm to 35 mm and 60 mm to 80 mm.
  • the cross-sectional dimension or width b of the catalytic converter body and the cross-sectional dimension of the passage section delimited by the axes 31, 33 which is approximately the same or at least slightly larger and perpendicular to the plane, is, for example, approximately the same size as the diameter d or at most slightly smaller than this , but could possibly be significantly larger than the diameter d.
  • the rectangular cross-sectional area of the catalyst bodies 42 which is rectangular to the catalyst axis 33 and to the exhaust gas passages 50, is larger, namely at least 30%, preferably at least 50% and, for example, at least 100% larger than the circular area of the inlet opening 32.
  • the catalytic converter section 18 and the diverting section 19 consist of a jacket which is parallel to the straight catalytic converter and diverting axis 33, they naturally have walls which are flush with one another. Furthermore, the Discharge chamber 58 has the same cross-sectional shape and the same cross-sectional dimensions as the interior of the catalyst section 18.
  • the dimension e, measured parallel to the axis 33, of the discharge section 58 and the discharge chamber 58 present therein is at least 10% and, for example, approximately or at least 20% of the maximum, diagonal cross-sectional dimension c and of course at least 10% and preferably at least 20% of the cross-sectional dimension a of the catalyst body.
  • the wall of the transition section 20 forms the transition from the discharge section 19 which is rectangular in cross section to the connecting section 21 which is circular in cross section, the inside diameter of which is approximately equal to the diameter d of the inlet opening 32, for example.
  • the transition axis 36 forms an angle ⁇ with the catalyst and discharge axis 33. This is measured between a section of the axis 33 lying within the leg 17 and a section of the axis 36 lying within the transition section 20 and is preferably 135 ° to 225 ° and, for example, 150 ° to 210 °.
  • the wall of the transition section 20 may in some places be parallel to the transition axis 36, but is inclined to the transition axis 36 at least in certain peripheral regions.
  • the angle between the wall of the transition section 20 and the transition axis 36 can, for example, be at most 45 ° or even only at most 30 ° around the entire transition section at any point on its wall.
  • the wall of the transition section 20 can also form an angle, at least in places, with the catalyst and discharge axis 33, which, however, can likewise be at most 45 ° everywhere. Accordingly, the wall of the transition section 20 forms an angle of at least 45 ° with the exhaust gas outlet surface 53 at all wall locations.
  • the axial dimension or height h of the catalyst body can of course be determined such that adequate, catalytic cleaning of the exhaust gas is achieved.
  • the dimension or height h is, for example, in the range from 2 cm to 5 cm.
  • the main sections 23 are substantially longer than the inlets 15 and the catalyst sections 18.
  • the lengths of the individual lines 12 are matched to the intended speed range and the other properties of the internal combustion engine 1 such that the exhaust gas emissions emitted by one of the combustion chambers 3 during operation of the engine in spite of the high pressure peaks at the inlets 15 of the exhaust manifold 11, they have no effect on the function of the other combustion chambers, which impairs the engine performance.
  • Each individual line 17 can be at least 0.5 m or at least 1 m long, for example.
  • the length of the exhaust gas flow path from an inlet opening 32 to the common outlet 28 of the exhaust manifold is then, for example, in the range from 0.7 m to 1.5 m.
  • the formation of the catalyst body 42 from flat and corrugated sheet metal elements enables - as already described - a high number of exhaust gas passages 50 per unit of the cross-sectional area of the sheet metal element packages and catalyst bodies. Accordingly, the surfaces delimiting the exhaust gas passages together form a large surface, effective for the catalytic exhaust gas treatment, per unit volume of the sheet metal element packs and catalyst bodies.
  • the catalyst means therefore require little space and can be easily installed in the latter close to the inlet openings 32 of the lines 12. Furthermore, catalyst means 41 - based on the amount of exhaust gas supplied per unit of time - can be produced and installed inexpensively.
  • the large cross-sectional areas of the catalyst means, the routing of the exhaust gas before and after the catalyst means and the uniform distribution of the exhaust gas over the entire cross-sectional area of the catalyst means contribute to a small flow resistance, so that the catalyst means and the guidance of the exhaust gas immediately upstream and downstream thereof increase the back pressure generated by the exhaust gas relatively little compared to an exhaust manifold without catalyst.
  • the line 111 has a first, approximately horizontal leg 113 with an inlet 115 and an exhaust gas distributor 116. This is followed by a second leg 117, which projects downward away from the latter. This has a catalyst section 118, a discharge section 119, a transition section 120 and a connecting section 121 in the direction running away from the first leg 113.
  • the inlet 115 defines an approximately horizontal inlet axis 131 and has a circular inlet opening 132.
  • the walls of the inlet 115 and the exhaust manifold 116 are of a similar design to the lines 12 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4.
  • the catalyst section 118 and the discharge section 119 have a common, straight catalyst and discharge axis 133 and together consist of a straight, parallel to this, rectangular cross-section tube or Coat.
  • the transition section defines a transition axis 136 and connects the lower end of the rectangular leg 117 to the cross-sectionally circular, for example cylindrical, connecting section 121. This has, for example, an axis parallel to the axis 133 but offset on its side facing away from the inlet opening 132.
  • the catalyst section 118 contains catalyst means 141, which, however, have only a single catalyst body 142. This has exhaust gas passages 150 parallel to the axis 133, an exhaust gas inlet surface 151 and an exhaust gas outlet surface 153.
  • the catalyst body 142 is again cuboid, forms a rectangle in a cross section perpendicular to the axis 133 and to the passages 150, and has a parallel to the longer one 6, and a maximum cross-sectional dimension c, not visible in FIG. 6, measured diagonally to the rectangle.
  • the diverting section 119 contains a diverting space 158 directly adjacent to the exit surface 153 and the deflecting section 120 contains a diverting space 159.
  • the catalyst and discharge axis 133 forms an angle ⁇ with the inlet axis 131.
  • the exhaust gas entry surface 151 forms an angle ⁇ with the inlet axis 131.
  • the angles .alpha. And .beta. Lie in the same ranges as in the case of the lines 12.
  • the dimension e, measured parallel to the catalyst and discharge axis 133, of the discharge section 119 and the discharge space 158 is at least approximately 30% for the line 112 partially shown in FIG example even at least 40% of the cross-sectional dimension a and also at least 25% or even at least 30% of the maximum diagonal cross-sectional dimension c of the catalyst body 142.
  • the transition section 120 has a wall on the right-hand side of FIG.
  • the single line 212 of an exhaust manifold 211 shown in FIG. 7 has a first, approximately horizontal leg 213 with an inlet 215 and a second, downwardly projecting leg 217 with a rectangular, namely rectangular catalyst section 218 with a cross-section - And transition section 219, which is connected at its lower end with a circular cross-section connecting portion 221.
  • the inlet and the catalytic converter section define an inlet axis 231 and a catalytic converter axis 233, respectively.
  • the discharge and transition section 219 defines a discharge and transition axis 234 which is aligned with the catalyst axis 233 or forms an angle ⁇ .
  • the catalyst section 218 contains catalyst means 241, which consist, for example, of a single, rectangular catalyst body, contain exhaust gas passages 250 and have an exhaust gas inlet surface 251 and an exhaust gas outlet surface 252.
  • the discharge and transition section 219 encloses in cross section a discharge and transition space 258 adjoining the exhaust gas outlet surface 253, which has the dimension e measured on the axis 234 and parallel to it.
  • the discharge space 258 adjoining the exhaust gas exit surface 253 simultaneously forms the transition space and makes the transition from the rectangular exit surface 253 to the circular passage section of the connecting section 221.
  • the wall of the discharge and transition section 219 accordingly forms an angle with the wall at least in places Catalyst axis 233. These angles should preferably be at most 45 °, preferably at most 30 °, better at most 25 ° and even better at most 20 ° everywhere and in particular at each circumferential point of the edge of the exhaust gas outlet surface 253.
  • the wall of the discharge and transition section 219 then also forms, at least in places, angles that deviate from 90 ° with the exhaust gas outlet surface 253.
  • the dimension e of the discharge and transition space 258 in the line 212 is, for example, at least equal to the cross-sectional dimension a and also at least equal to the maximum, diagonal cross-sectional dimension c of the catalyst means.
  • the angle ⁇ is measured in the same way as was explained previously for the angles ⁇ and ⁇ and preferably deviates from an elongated angle - ie 180 ° - from and at most 45 °, for example at most 30 °, better at most 25 ° and even better at most 20 ° is thus preferably 135 ° to 225 °, for example 150 ° to 210 °, better 155 ° to 205 ° and even better 160 ° to 200 °.
  • the line 312 has a first approximately horizontal leg 313 with an inlet 315 and an exhaust manifold 316 and a second leg 317 projecting downward from the first leg 313.
  • This has a catalyst section 318, a discharge section 319, a transition section 320 and one Connection section 321.
  • the inlet has an approximately horizontal inlet axis 331.
  • the catalyst section and the discharge section have a common catalyst and discharge axis 333.
  • the catalyst section contains catalyst means 341, the at least one catalyst body 342 with exhaust gas passages 350, an exhaust gas inlet surface 351 and one Have exhaust gas exit surface 353.
  • the catalyst and discharge axis 333 forms an angle ⁇ with the inlet axis 331, which is approximately or exactly 90 ° in this line.
  • the exhaust gas entry surface 351 is accordingly approximately parallel to the inlet axis 331.
  • the wall of the exhaust gas distributor 316 opposite the entry surface 351 is approximately flat and is inclined downwards away from the inlet against the entry surface 351.
  • the exhaust gas distribution space 356 has a cross-sectional area in a cross section perpendicular to the inlet axis, which in turn decreases linearly away from the inlet.
  • the second leg 317 is otherwise configured, for example, similarly to the line shown in FIG. 6.
  • Exhaust manifolds shown in FIGS. 6 to 8 can - unless previously written otherwise - be designed similarly to the exhaust manifold first described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5 and have similar properties to this.
  • the internal combustion engine 1 and the exhaust systems can still be changed in various ways.
  • features of various described exemplary embodiments can be combined with one another.
  • the angle ⁇ is preferably an obtuse or right angle, but can possibly also be an acute angle and, as already mentioned, can be in the range from 45 ° to 135 °.
  • the catalyst means can possibly have a square cross-sectional area and, for example, have at least one cube-shaped catalyst body.
  • connection plate 26 can be replaced, for example, by separate ring flanges, each of which is attached to one of the lines.
  • each catalyst body can have two or more sleeves, each of which contains a packet of sheet metal elements. The sleeves belonging to the same catalyst body can then rest against one another with walls facing one another and be welded to one another or rigidly connected to one another in some other way.
  • the engine can also have fewer or more than four cylinders and a corresponding number of exhaust gas outlets.
  • the number of individual lines of the exhaust manifold can accordingly be more or less than four.
  • an exhaust system can be provided with two exhaust manifolds, each of which has inputs connected to a group of the engine's exhaust ports and an outlet connected to an exhaust pipe.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
EP97810309A 1996-05-23 1997-05-20 Collecteur d'échappement avec catalyseur Expired - Lifetime EP0809001B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH129996 1996-05-23
CH129996 1996-05-23
CH1299/96 1996-05-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0809001A1 true EP0809001A1 (fr) 1997-11-26
EP0809001B1 EP0809001B1 (fr) 2003-01-22

Family

ID=4207188

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EP97810309A Expired - Lifetime EP0809001B1 (fr) 1996-05-23 1997-05-20 Collecteur d'échappement avec catalyseur

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5881553A (fr)
EP (1) EP0809001B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH1054229A (fr)
KR (1) KR970075250A (fr)
BR (1) BR9703308A (fr)
DE (1) DE59709173D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2187743T3 (fr)

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EP1688600A3 (fr) * 2005-02-02 2008-05-14 Pankl Emission Control Systems GmbH Dispositif pour purifier les gaz d'échappement d'un véhicule
EP2050936A3 (fr) * 2007-10-15 2010-01-20 International Engine Intellectual Property Company, LLC. Dispositif de post-traitement

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US6713025B1 (en) 1999-09-15 2004-03-30 Daimlerchrysler Corporation Light-off and close coupled catalyst
JP2001164907A (ja) * 1999-12-10 2001-06-19 Honda Motor Co Ltd 多気筒内燃機関の廃熱回収装置
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JP3521895B2 (ja) * 2000-12-07 2004-04-26 日産自動車株式会社 内燃機関の排気マニホルド
DE10216272B9 (de) * 2002-04-12 2006-05-18 J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG Abgasbehandlungsanordnung für eine Brennkraftmaschine
FR2843776A1 (fr) * 2002-08-23 2004-02-27 Faurecia Sys Echappement Dispositif de depollution des gaz d'echappement d'un moteur
DE102004018693B4 (de) * 2004-04-17 2007-09-06 Daimlerchrysler Ag Abgasanlage
JP2007278101A (ja) * 2006-04-03 2007-10-25 Honda Motor Co Ltd 排気ガス浄化用触媒コンバータ装置
JP2007278100A (ja) * 2006-04-03 2007-10-25 Honda Motor Co Ltd 排気ガス浄化装置
WO2007147119A2 (fr) * 2006-06-16 2007-12-21 Robert Aratari Dispositif d'amélioration d'un générateur à combustion
KR101000224B1 (ko) * 2008-12-04 2010-12-10 현대자동차주식회사 차량용 촉매장치
US8353154B2 (en) * 2009-09-21 2013-01-15 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Thermally efficient exhaust treatment system for an internal combustion engine
US8635861B2 (en) * 2009-12-23 2014-01-28 Caterpillar Inc. Exhaust aftertreatment system
KR101196305B1 (ko) * 2010-05-25 2012-11-06 우신공업 주식회사 배기 매니폴드
US9174818B1 (en) 2011-11-29 2015-11-03 Brunswick Corporation Marine engines and exhaust systems for marine engines having a catalyst for treating exhaust
US9903251B1 (en) 2011-11-29 2018-02-27 Brunswick Corporation Outboard motors and exhaust systems for outboard motors having an exhaust conduit supported inside the V-shape
US9551266B2 (en) * 2014-05-15 2017-01-24 GM Global Technology Operations LLC External exhaust guiding flow chambers for multiple catalyst architecture
JP2017040225A (ja) * 2015-08-20 2017-02-23 本田技研工業株式会社 内燃機関の排気浄化装置
US9758228B1 (en) 2016-07-01 2017-09-12 Brunswick Corporation Exhaust manifolds for outboard marine engines
US10634029B2 (en) * 2016-08-23 2020-04-28 General Electric Technology Gmbh Mobile selective catalyst reduction system
JP2018076851A (ja) * 2016-11-11 2018-05-17 いすゞ自動車株式会社 内燃機関の排気系構造
JP2018076853A (ja) * 2016-11-11 2018-05-17 いすゞ自動車株式会社 内燃機関の排気系構造
JP7035308B2 (ja) 2016-11-25 2022-03-15 株式会社Ihi 圧力容器
US10329978B1 (en) 2018-02-13 2019-06-25 Brunswick Corporation High temperature exhaust systems for marine propulsion devices
IT201900006960A1 (it) * 2019-05-17 2020-11-17 Magneti Marelli Spa Dispositivo di trattamento dei gas di scarico per un motore a combustione interna
CN114076022B (zh) * 2020-08-21 2023-07-14 比亚迪股份有限公司 可变排气管件、可变排气管装置、发动机和车辆

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EP1688600A3 (fr) * 2005-02-02 2008-05-14 Pankl Emission Control Systems GmbH Dispositif pour purifier les gaz d'échappement d'un véhicule
EP2050936A3 (fr) * 2007-10-15 2010-01-20 International Engine Intellectual Property Company, LLC. Dispositif de post-traitement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2187743T3 (es) 2003-06-16
US5881553A (en) 1999-03-16
EP0809001B1 (fr) 2003-01-22
DE59709173D1 (de) 2003-02-27
KR970075250A (ko) 1997-12-10
JPH1054229A (ja) 1998-02-24
BR9703308A (pt) 1998-10-27

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