EP0811736B1 - Armierung von Mauerwerk - Google Patents

Armierung von Mauerwerk Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0811736B1
EP0811736B1 EP97303835A EP97303835A EP0811736B1 EP 0811736 B1 EP0811736 B1 EP 0811736B1 EP 97303835 A EP97303835 A EP 97303835A EP 97303835 A EP97303835 A EP 97303835A EP 0811736 B1 EP0811736 B1 EP 0811736B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reinforcement
central core
groove
projections
masonry
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97303835A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0811736A1 (de
Inventor
William George Edscer
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0811736A1 publication Critical patent/EP0811736A1/de
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of reinforcing a masonry structure such as a solid wall, cavity wall, arch, bridge, chimney or viaduct, and to a reinforcement for use in such a method.
  • Masonry and like materials are generally strong in compression but weak in tension and are therefore used in structures where there is substantially no tensile loading.
  • masonry is appropriate for the construction of buildings where the forces are essentially vertical and compressive. It is necessary however to provide beams in the form of lintels over doors, windows and other openings.
  • Buildings and other masonry structures may suffer damage from a variety of structural failures, both above and below ground level, for example lintel failure, subsidence, thermal movement, differential movement, physical damage and design faults. This can cause a loss of support in some areas and result in tensile forces within the masonry. As the masonry is unable to withstand the tensile forces, cracks will form above the unsupported areas.
  • the reinforcement usually consists of a bar or reinforcement of steel or similar material strong in tension.
  • the rod or bar may be circular or rectangular in cross section and may include ridges or have a roughened surface to help retain it in a bonding material (EP-A-0 494 099).
  • the reinforcement is glued or bonded into position with resin cementitious mortars, wedges, plastic bonding agents or similar substances. This allows the tensile qualities of the reinforcement to be transferred to the masonry. This provides tensile restraint of the masonry, and may be used to provide a composite masonry/reinforcement beam which acts to support or transfer loads imposed upon it.
  • a hole or groove is cut to accommodate the reinforcement.
  • the width of the groove may deviate from the desired dimensions, or may not be uniform.
  • a reinforcement for insertion into a slot, groove or hole in a masonry structure, the reinforcement including a central elongate core and a plurality of spacers on the central core for holding the central core away from the edges of the slot, groove or hole, wherein each spacer includes one or more projections extending radially outwards from the central core, the projections being positioned such that when the reinforcement is oriented horizontally its maximum vertical extent varies as it is twisted about its axis.
  • the projections may be relatively sharp such that they tend to snag against the edges of the slot, groove or hole, thus keeping the reinforcement firmly in place.
  • the spacers may consist of pieces of wire, which may be stainless steel, twisted around the central core such that the ends of the wire form projecting tails.
  • the reinforcement may be twisted until it is tightly positioned in any of a number of grooves of varying thicknesses.
  • each spacer may include two projections approximately diametrically opposed to one another. When the reinforcement is to be inserted into a relatively narrow horizontal groove, it is positioned such that the projections extend horizontally away from the central core. When the reinforcement is to be inserted in a relatively wide horizontal groove, it is positioned such that the projections extend vertically.
  • the reinforcement can be twisted by a varying amount depending on the thickness of the groove, such that the reinforcement is always held firmly within the groove.
  • the reinforcement may include spacers having three, four or more projections located around the perimeter of the central core, to ensure that the core always lies away from the edge of a slot, groove or hole.
  • the central core may be solid or hollow, of straight or twisted shape, and may have a roughened or ridged surface to increase adhesion between the central core and a bonding material.
  • the reinforcement may also be damaged as it is forced into the groove.
  • the invention overcomes this problem as it is only the spacers which contact the edges of the groove.
  • spacers increase the bonding force in a direction along the length of the reinforcement. They engage the bonding material and make it much more difficult to pull the reinforcement longitudinally out of the bonding material.
  • the spacers may be attached to the central core before or after the central core is inserted into the masonry structure.
  • More than one reinforcement may be inserted in a single groove.
  • the spacers then prevent the central cores touching and allow the bonding material to surround the reinforcement.
  • the reinforcement may be surrounded by a flexible sheathing material.
  • the reinforcements may be lapped, and in this case the reinforcing bars must be kept apart in order to allow the bonding material to surround the reinforcement.
  • the reinforcements may be tensioned after insertion into the slot, groove or hole.
  • a reinforcement 1 according to the invention includes a central core 2, the diameter of which varies according to the intended use. Diameters of between 2mm and 6mm are typical.
  • a piece of stainless steel wire 3 Around the central core 2 is twisted a piece of stainless steel wire 3. The ends of the wire protrude radially from the reinforcement to form tails 4.
  • Figure 2 shows the reinforcement 1 inserted into a relatively narrow groove 5.
  • the reinforcement 1 is inserted with the tails 4 in a horizontal direction.
  • the groove is filled with bonding material 6 which is preferably thixotropic and hardens irreversibly thus bonding the reinforcement 1 within the structure.
  • the width of the stainless steel wire 3 is sufficient to support the central core in the groove such that it does not rest on the bottom or touch the top of the groove 5 even if there are irregularities in the shape or height of the groove. Because the central core is held away from the edges of the groove by the wire 3, the bonding material flows all around the central core and forms a strong bond.
  • Figure 3 shows a bar 1 according to the invention in a somewhat wider groove 7.
  • the bar 1 is twisted so that the tails 4 are no longer horizontal, but protrude almost vertically to jam against the upper and lower faces of the groove as the reinforcement is pushed into the groove.
  • the reinforcement 1 is thus secured in the correct position and is suspended away from the upper and lower faces of the groove allowing the bonding material to flow around and to surround the reinforcement.
  • the tails 4 hold the reinforcement firmly in place and prevent it from springing out of the groove as other parts of the reinforcement are being inserted.
  • a tail 4 of the wire 3 may be extended to form a tie between two reinforcements for use in the two leaves of a cavity wall. It is often necessary to tie together the two leaves in this way to increase stability.
  • Figure 5 shows the extension of the wire 3 to wrap around a further central core, forming a joint between a horizontal and vertical reinforcement.
  • Figures 6 and 7 show a reinforcement having a spacer with an extended tail used as a bracket 8.
  • the fixing of brackets to masonry structures can be difficult and this method is advantageous because it fixes the bracket securely to the reinforcement, which is held firmly within the masonry structure.
  • Figure 8 shows a reinforcement including a spacer having four tails 4. Such spacers are particularly advantageous when the reinforcement is to be inserted in a hole 9 rather than a groove or slot.
  • the reinforcements 1 are preferably inserted into a groove by fitting an insertion tool to a protruding tail 4, moving the reinforcement into position at the edge of a groove and tapping lightly with a hammer or similar instrument, moving along the length of the reinforcement.
  • the reinforcement may be inserted into the inner leaf of a cavity wall by cutting through the outer leaf and making a groove in the inner leaf.
  • An insertion tool is used to move the reinforcement through the cut in the outer leaf and to insert it into the groove in the inner leaf.
  • the number of reinforcing bars inserted into one groove may vary according to the requirements of the design and the thickness of the wall.
  • the wire loops and tails prevent the central cores 2 of the bars 1 from touching one another and ensure that the bond material flows around the full perimeter of the central core.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Verfahren zum Verstärken einer Mauerwerks-Struktur, mit einem Schritt zum Schneiden eines Schlitzes, einer Rille oder eines Lochs (5, 7, 9) in der Struktur und Positionieren einer Verstärkung (1) darin, welche einen mittigen länglichen Kern (2) und eine Vielzahl von Abstandshaltern an dem mittigen Kern (2) enthält, um den mittigen Kern von den Rändern des Schlitzes, der Rille oder des Lochs fernzuhalten, wobei jeder Abstandshalter einen oder mehrere Vorsprünge (4) enthält, die sich radial auswärts von dem mittigen Kern (2) erstrecken, und wobei die Vorsprünge derart positioniert werden, dass sich bei horizontaler Ausrichtung der Verstärkung ihre maximale vertikale Ausdehnung verändert, wenn sie um ihre Achse verdreht wird.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorsprünge (4) so geformt sind, dass sie sich in dem Mauerwerk verhaken oder mit ihm in Eingriff gelangen.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder Abstandshalter zwei Vorsprünge (4) enthält, die näherungsweise diametral entgegengesetzt zueinander sind.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder Abstandshalter aus einem Drahtstück (3) besteht, das um den mittigen Kern (2) herum verdreht ist.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Draht aus rostfreiem Stahl besteht.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der mittige Kern (2) maschinell. bearbeitet ist oder eine aufgerauhte Oberfläche hat oder Grate enthält, um die Haftung zwischen dem mittigen Kern (2) und einem Abbindungsmaterial zu verstärken.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verstärkung (1) von einem biegsamen Schaftmaterial umgeben ist.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verstärkung (1) nach dem Einfügen in den Schlitz, die Rille oder das Loch (5, 7, 9) gespannt wird.
  9. Verstärkung (1) zum Einführen in einen Schlitz, eine Rille oder ein Loch (5, 7, 9) in einer Mauerwerks-Struktur, wobei die Verstärkung einen mittigen länglichen Kern und eine Vielzahl von Abstandshaltern an dem mittigen Kern (2) enthält, um den mittigen Kern von den Rändern des Schlitzes, der Rille oder des Lochs (5, 7, 9) fernzuhalten, wobei jeder Abstandshalter einen oder mehrere Vorsprünge (4) enthält, die sich von dem mittigen Kern radial nach außen erstrecken, wobei die Vorsprünge derart positioniert sind, dass sich bei horizontaler Ausrichtung der Verstärkung (1) ihre maximale vertikale Ausdehnung verändert, wenn sie um ihre Achse verdreht wird.
  10. Verstärkung (1) nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorsprünge (4) so geformt sind, dass sie sich in dem Mauerwerk verhaken oder mit ihm in Eingriff gelangen.
  11. Verstärkung (1) nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder Abstandshalter zwei Vorsprünge (4) enthält, die näherungsweise diametral gegenüberliegend zueinander sind.
  12. Verstärkung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder Abstandshalter aus einem Drahtstück (3) besteht, das um den mittigen Kern (2) herum verdreht ist.
  13. Verstärkung (1) nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Draht aus rostfreiem Stahl besteht.
  14. Verstärkung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der mittige Kern (2) maschinell bearbeitet ist oder an der Oberfläche aufgerauht ist oder Grate enthält, um die Haftung zwischen dem mittigen Kern und einem Abbindungsmaterial zu erhöhen.
  15. Verstärkung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verstärkung (1) von einem biegsamen Schaftmaterial umgeben ist.
EP97303835A 1996-06-04 1997-06-04 Armierung von Mauerwerk Expired - Lifetime EP0811736B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9611641.3A GB9611641D0 (en) 1996-06-04 1996-06-04 Method of positioning retrospective reinforcement in masonry structures
GB9611641 1996-06-04

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0811736A1 EP0811736A1 (de) 1997-12-10
EP0811736B1 true EP0811736B1 (de) 2003-09-03

Family

ID=10794731

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97303835A Expired - Lifetime EP0811736B1 (de) 1996-06-04 1997-06-04 Armierung von Mauerwerk

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0811736B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE248971T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69724514T2 (de)
GB (2) GB9611641D0 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITVR20010034A1 (it) * 2001-03-16 2002-09-16 Maurizio Piazza Metodo di produzione di una trave di legno armata e trave armata cosi' ottenuta
GB2569186B (en) * 2017-12-11 2020-02-05 George Edscer William Method for the reinforcement of masonry structures

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1135748A (fr) * 1954-11-24 1957-05-03 Chevalet-fixe pour le béton armé
FR1358698A (fr) * 1963-04-06 1964-04-17 Avi Alpenlaendische Vered élément d'armature et procédé pour le fabriquer
DE1940423A1 (de) * 1969-06-12 1970-12-17 Aldo Spirito Draht bzw. Drahtseil zur Herstellung von vorgespanntem,armiertem Beton
GB2137273B (en) * 1983-03-30 1986-08-06 Alan Geoffrey Barnett Improvements in or relating to wall ties
GB8419523D0 (en) * 1984-07-31 1984-09-05 Ollis W J B Reinforcements and ties
DE3608775C2 (de) * 1986-03-15 1995-03-16 Int Intec Patent Holding Ets In vorgebohrte Löcher einzusetzender Injektionsanker
EP0351668B1 (de) * 1988-07-15 1992-10-14 Mächtle GmbH Fassadendübel
GB2249120B (en) * 1991-01-26 1993-04-07 Executive Insulation Structural repair process
DE69621937T2 (de) * 1995-08-18 2003-02-20 Protec Industrial Ltd., Maidstone Verstärkung von mauerwerkstrukturen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69724514D1 (de) 2003-10-09
GB2313872A (en) 1997-12-10
ATE248971T1 (de) 2003-09-15
EP0811736A1 (de) 1997-12-10
DE69724514T2 (de) 2004-07-01
GB9711488D0 (en) 1997-07-30
GB9611641D0 (en) 1996-08-07
GB2313872B (en) 2000-09-27

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