Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated

Definitions

• This invention relates to lubricants, and more particularly, to a high performance hydraulic lubricant useful in a hydraulic powered system or unit.
• a base oil used alone, provides a lubricant that is deficient in performance and does not overcome the problems occurring in the normal operation, e.g., of an automotive engine.
• Hydraulic lubricants find a wide variety of service in mobile and industrial applications using various types of pumps including those of vane, gear and piston design. Severe industrial applications include plastic moulding machines. Severe mobile applications are found in garbage trucks and in off-highway equipment.
• the present invention provides high performance hydraulic lubricants useful in powered hydraulic systems or units that may be used in mobile and industrial equipment including garbage trucks, cranes, plastic moulding machines, and various types of pumps.
• the performance of a hydraulic lubricant is generally enhanced by the addition to a suitable base oil of [1] an antiwear lubricating additive, [2] a rust and oxidation lubricating additive, and [3] (optionally) an antifoaming agent.
• the resulting hydraulic lubricant has a high performance due to these components.
• the finished hydraulic lubricant may also include, if desired, Viscosity index improvers which are added to improve viscosity characteristics at various temperatures and pour-point depressants provided that the finished hydraulic lubricant has the following properties:
• the finished lubricant generally contains less than about 1500 ppm of metal and preferably less than about 1000 ppm of metal. And, the finished lubricant may contain less than 5 ppm of free phenol, preferably less than 1 ppm and most preferably is void of any detectable free phenol.
• the base oil mixture used according to the present invention are selected so that the finished hydraulic lubricant has the properties listed herein.
• the base oils may be any suitable oil including petroleum base oils, mineral oils, synthetic ester oils, or blends of such suitable oils.
• Suitable mineral oils include those of appropriate viscosity refined from crude oil of any source including Gulf Coast, Midcontinent, Pennsylvania, California, Alaska, Middle East, North Sea, and the like. Standard refinery operations may be used in processing the mineral oil.
• general types of petroleum oils useful in the compositions of this invention are solvent neutrals, bright stocks, cylinder stocks, residual oils, hydrocracked base stocks, paraffin oils including pale oils, and solvent extracted naphthenic oils. Such oils and blends of them are produced by a number of conventional techniques which are widely known by those skilled in the art.
• non-ester synthetic oils of suitable viscosity and stability e.g., suitable hydrogenated ⁇ -olefin oligomer oils
• natural oils of suitable viscosity and stability e.g., suitable animal or vegetable oils
• Synthetic ester oils which can be used include esters of dicarboxylic acids (e.g., phthalic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, linoleic acid dimer) with a variety of alcohols (e.g., butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, ethylene glycol).
• dicarboxylic acids e.g., phthalic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, linoleic acid dimer
• alcohols e.g., butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, ethylene glycol.
• esters include dibutyl adipate, di(2 ethylhexyl) adipate, didodecyl adipate, di(tridecyl) adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, dilauryl sebacate, di-n-hexyl fumarate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl azelate, diisodecyl azelate, dioctyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate, di(eicosyl) sebacate, the 2-ethylhexyl diester of linoleic acid dimer, and the complex ester formed by reacting one mole of sebacic acid with two moles of tetraethylene glycol and two moles of 2-ethylhexanoic acid.
• esters which may be used include those made from C 3 -C 18 monocarboxylic acids and polyols and polyol ethers such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol.
• Blends of one or more mineral oils with one or more synthetic ester oils can be used.
• the base oil is predominantly hydrocarbonaceous in character.
• base oils made up entirely of mineral oils are most preferred.
• the base oil is present in the finished hydraulic lubricant in an amount ranging from about 90.0 to about 99.5 wt%. And, the base oil has a kinematic viscosity at 40°C ranging from about 15 to about 150 cSt. Also, the base oil has a flash point ranging from about 95° to about 700°C, preferably from about 100° to about 300°C.
• the base oils useful in the present invention may, for example, and not by limitation, include those identified below by commercial name/code, number, and (manufacturer; location): Exxon 150N (Exxon Co. U.S.A.; Houston, TX) Chevron RLOP 140N (Chevron U.S.A. Inc.; Richmond, CA)
• the rust and oxidation ( R&O ) lubricating additive may not be necessary to provide a high performance hydraulic lubricant.
• the R&O lubricating additive and the antiwear ( A/W ) lubricating additive are generally both necessary to be added to the base oil to provide a high performance hydraulic lubricant which can be effectively used in a hydraulic powered system.
• the antifoaming agent may be optionally added to enhance the properties of the finished high performance hydraulic lubricant.
• Hydraulic lubricants find a wide variety of service in mobile and industrial applications using various types of pumps inlcuding those of vane, gear and piston design. Severe industrial applications include plastic moulding machines. Severe mobile applications are found in garbage trucks and in off-highway equipment.
• neither the A/W lubricating additive nor the R&O lubricating additive contains a strongly acidic rust inhibitor, and that the A/W lubricating additive and the R&O lubricating additive are mutually compatible.
• Acidic-type rust inhibitors are those which, when analyzed by the ASTM D 664 procedure, yield a Total Acidity Number (TAN ) of greater than about 100 mgKOH/g equivalents. Strongly acidic rust inhibitors may cause compatibility problems during application owing to the precipitation of salts which they tend to form. These salts may include zinc or calcium which may be present in the finished oil as additive components, or may be introduced to the oil in the form of impurities and contaminants.
• the A/W lubricating and R&O lubricating additives are mutually compatible. That is, finished oils which contain minor portions of A/W and R&O lubricating additives do not give rise to cloudiness, haze, precipitation, or gel formation as a result of interaction or chemical reaction between the two additives. Even in the presence of minor quantities of contaminant water, the finished lubricant should remain essentailly clear and bright. Obviously, larger quantities of water (above about 1000 ppm) will give some haze or clarity reduction as water and oil are not miscible.
• the concentration of the R&O lubricating additive present in the finished hydraulic lubricant depends upon the base oils employed. For example, when base oils which have undergone a hydrotreating or hydrofinishing process are used in the present invention, or when the base oils used are sythetic, the level of the R&O lubricating additive may be low, ranging from about 0.001 to about 0.2 wt%. However, when the base oils are solvent refined or contain a significant portion of solvent refined oil, the level of the R&O lubricating additive may be relatively high, ranging from about 0.2 to about 1.2 wt%.
• the R&O lubricating additive comprises a rust inhibitor and an antioxidant, and accordingly, is intended to impart the properties of (a) rust inhibition and (b) antioxidancy to the finished hydraulic lubricant.
• the R&O lubricating additive is composed of components to enhance the hydraulic lubricant with such properties.
• the components that may be used in the R&O lubricating additive include:
• the R&O lubricating additive in being added to the base oil must be compatible with the A/W lubricating additive so that the hydraulic lubricant is useful.
• the R&O lubricating additives that may be used in the present invention include the HiTEC® lubricating additives listed below and manufactured and sold by Ethyl Corporation of Richmond, Virginia:
• each R&O lubricating additive contains a rust inhibitor which has a TAN when measured in the ASTM D 664 test method of about 60 mgKOH/g equivalents.
• This rust inhibitor is known as HiTEC® 536 (manufactured and sold by Ethyl Corporation of Richmond, VA) and is compatible with zinc and calcium containing fluids.
• the HiTEC® 536 rust inhibitor may be used as the primary rust inhibitor in many additive concentrations and finished lubricants which contain zinc and calcium containing components.
• the rust inhibitor should have a TAN of less than about 100 mgKOH/g equivalents. That is a TAN ranging from about zero to about 95, preferably from about 4 to about 60 mgKOH/g equivalents.
• the R&O lubricating additive may not be necessary when a good quality base oil is used, the R&O lubricating additive enhances the properties of the finished hydraulic lubricant.
• the R&O lubricating additive may contain several components which are intended to enhance the properties of the finished hydraulic lubricant in the following ways:
• the R&O lubricating additive and the A/W lubricating additive are each present in the finished hydraulic lubricant in an amount ranging from about 0.1 to about 1.5 wt%.
• the R&O lubricating additive is essentially devoid of metal, but at most would contribute 100 ppm of Zinc and 500 ppm of calcium, barium, magnesium, or sodium.
• the finished hydraulic lubricant contains less than 1500 ppm of metal or preferably less than 1000 ppm of metal.
• the finished hydraulic lubricant contains less than 5 ppm of free phenol and preferably less than 1 ppm of free phenol and is most preferably void of any detectable free phenol.
• the A/W lubricating additives are similar to the R&O lubricating additives in that they are intended to impart the same properties of the R&O lubricating additives, namely, (a) rust-inhibition and (b) antioxidancy. In addition, however, these additives impart an extreme pressure performance, i.e., resistance to high pressures.
• the A/W lubricating additives provide a boundary or surface lubricant to metal by forming a resistant coating (e.g., sulfide) on the metal surfaces. That is why the A/W additives are usually a phosphorous/sulfur type.
• the A/W additive may be a Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP).
• ZDDP Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate
• Other antiwear additives that may be used, include phosphites, phosphares, and alkylamine salts.
• the A/W lubricating additives that are compatible with the R&O lubricating additives are HiTEC® products manufactured and sold by Ethyl Corporation of Richmond, Virginia and other commercial A/W lubricating additives.
• the A/W lubricating additives have a zinc level (wt%), phosphorous level (wt%), Specific Gravity (Sp. Gr.) as set forth below: Zinc, wt% Phosphorus, wt% Sp. Gr. HiTEC®-2915 4 3.4 1.0 HiTEC®-2940 3.4 2.8 1.0 HiTEC®-2916 4 3.3 1.0 Lubrizol 5178 5.5 4.5 1.0 ELCO 130A 6.6 5.5 1.0
• the A/W lubricating additive may be used in other appplications in the appropriate base oil as a hydraulic additive.
• the A/W lubricating additve enhances the hydraulic lubricant performance without the use of the R&O lubricating additive.
• the performance of such a lubricant would be improved by addition of the R&O lubricating additive.
• the R&O lubricating additive which in appropriate base oils provides some circulating, turbine, and heat-transfer performance without the use of the A/W lubricating additive.
• the performance of such a lubricant would be expected to improve by addition of certain A/W lubricating additives.
• the antifoaming agent may be optionally added to prevent or at least reduce the foaming on the surface of the finished hydraulic lubricant. Such foaming could impede or prevent the performance of the desired hydraulic lubricant.
• the antifoaming agent may be an acrylic copolymer composite. Also, the antifoaming agent may either contain silicon or be silicon free. However, the silicon free antifoaming agents are preferred.
• the antifoaming agents useful in the present invention may, for example, and not by limitation, include those identified below by commercial name/code, number, and (manufacturer; location):
• a hydraulic lubricant i.e., an ISO 32 hydraulic antiwear oil is prepared by mixing the following (wt%): EXXON 150N Base Oil 98.88 Monsanto PC 1244--Antifoaming Agent 0.02 HiTEC® 2916-- A/W Lubricating Additive 0.85 HiTEC® 565-- R&O Lubricating Additive 0.25
• the resulting hydraulic lubricant is a high performance ISO 32 hydraulic fluid suitable for use in mobile and industrial applications, and has a useful performance life of greater than about 1000 operational hours.
• a hydraulic lubricant i.e., an ISO 32 hydraulic antiwear oil is prepared by mixing the following (wt%): EXXON 150N Base Oil 98.78 Monsanto PC 1244--Antifoaming Agent 0.02 HiTEC® 2916-- A/W Lubricating Additive 0.80 HiTEC® 2568-- R&O Lubricating Additive 0.40
• the resulting hydraulic lubricant is a high performance ISO 32 hydraulic fluid suitable for use in mobile and industrial applications, and has a useful performance life of greater than about 2000 operational hours.
• a hydraulic lubricant i.e., an ISO 32 hydraulic fluid is prepared by mixing the following (wt%): EXXON 150N Base Oil 98.58 Monsanto PC 1644--Antifoaming Agent 0.02 HiTEC® 9195-- A/W Lubricating Additive 0.85 HiTEC 2568-- R&O Lubricating Additive 0.55
• the resulting hydraulic lubricant is a high performance ISO 32 hydraulic fluid suitable for use in mobile and industrial applications, and has a useful performance life of greater than about 2000 operational hours.
• a hydraulic lubricant i.e., an ISO 32 hydraulic fluid is prepared by mixing the following (wt%): EXXON 150N Base Oil 99.13 Monsanto PC 1244--Antifoaming Agent 0.02 HiTEC® 2916-- A/W Lubricating Additive 0.85
• the resulting hydraulic lubricant is a high performance ISO 32 hydraulic fluid suitable for use in mobile and industrial applications, and has a useful performance life of greater than about 1000 operational hours.
• a hydraulic lubricant i.e., a second ISO 32 hydraulic fluid is prepared by mixing the following (wt%): Chevron RLOP 140N 99.12 HiTEC® 2916-- A/W Lubricating Additive 0.85 Monsanto PC 1244--Antifoaming Agent 0.02 HiTEC® 2571-- R&O Lubricating Additive 0.01
• the resulting hydraulic lubricant is a high performance ISO 32 hydraulic fluid suitable for use in mobile and industrial applications, and has a useful performance life of greater than about 3000 operational hours.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

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• 1997
  • 1997-06-12 EP EP97304112A patent/EP0812902A3/de not_active Withdrawn

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