EP0822272A1 - Anode de plaquage électrolytique résonante - Google Patents
Anode de plaquage électrolytique résonante Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0822272A1 EP0822272A1 EP97401739A EP97401739A EP0822272A1 EP 0822272 A1 EP0822272 A1 EP 0822272A1 EP 97401739 A EP97401739 A EP 97401739A EP 97401739 A EP97401739 A EP 97401739A EP 0822272 A1 EP0822272 A1 EP 0822272A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- anode
- resonator
- binder
- ceramic material
- ceramic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D17/10—Electrodes, e.g. composition, counter electrode
- C25D17/12—Shape or form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/20—Electroplating using ultrasonic waves
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/623—Porosity of the layers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/67—Electroplating to repair workpiece
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/04—Tubes; Rings; Hollow bodies
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to plating electrolytic the inner surface of steam generator tubes and more particularly a resonant electrolytic plating anode intended to use ultrasonic energy to improve the plating process electrolytic.
- Steam generators in nuclear reactors have large tube bundles. When the steam generator is put into operation, the steam generator tube bundle must constitute a pressure barrier adapted to the coolant of the nuclear reactor. Generally, the integrity of the tube walls provides reasonable assurance that the steam generator tubes have structural integrity and no leakage sufficient to operate as intended. After a certain period of operation of the steam generator, cuffs should be used to repair defective portions of steam generator tubes and thereby maintain tubes in service.
- One of the cuff repair techniques that has been accepted uses electrolytic nickel plating in which Tube areas can be electroplated to provide repair of said tubes which can be the subject of a qualification and a acceptance.
- a common electroplating anode design used for steam generator tubes typically consists of a simple non-consumable cylindrical anode.
- the generator tubes of vapor constitute a cathode.
- the ions deposited inside the tube of steam generator during the electroplating process are supplied by a nickel salt solution which is circulated between the anode and the cathode.
- the conventional electroplating process is slow, taking often four and a half to five hours to clean and tackle electrolytically a length of tube.
- the electrolytically plated tube may have residual internal stresses, may be relatively porous, especially in Watts substrate and may have changes in ductility originating from voids or hydrogen inclusions inherent in this process and nickel grains of different sizes through electroplating.
- the electroplating process itself requires 3.5 to 4 hours to be completed. This time interval is rather long considering the total time available and the number of tubes steam generators that require repair.
- the electrolytically plated material under a large number of operating conditions, can have lower crystal elongations than the base material. It has been noted that the ductility of the tubes is reduced when the electrolytically plated material has lower elongations than the base material.
- the reduced ductility is attributed, by some authors, to the internal constraints between the nickel grains and, by other authors, to the codeposition of hydrogen and the codeposition of contaminating species.
- Authors who have discussed this reduced ductility include: RL Zeller, III and Uziel Landau. The Effect of Hydrogen on the Ductility of Electrodeposited Ni-P Amorphous Alloys - J. Electrochem. Soc., Vol. 137, No. 4, April 1990. The works mentioned above are incorporated in the patent application as a reference in their entirety.
- nickel deposited from a electrode often has a large variation in pore size and density. This phenomenon is easily observed by micrographic images electronic scanning of deposits.
- the grain sizes deposited electrolytically may be entirely non-uniform in the process of electrolytic plating according to the state of the art. This non-uniformity is due to the fact that the electric field depends on many parameters including the current cycle and the chemistry of the solution, among others.
- US-A-4,624,760 describes a method and a device for the protection against corrosion of a steam generator tube.
- the device has an upper plug and a lower plug having diameters for sealing a generator tube steam.
- the conduit passes through the lower plug, making it possible, respectively, to supply electrolyte to the interior volume of the tube between the upper and lower caps and drain the electrolyte so that it can be collected in a storage container.
- the pump allows electrolyte to flow from the storage container to internal volume of the tube between the caps. Composition adjustment electrolyte for a nickel deposit can be made in the container storage.
- a perforated tubular electrode having a diameter slightly smaller than the diameter of the steam generator tube is attached to the lower cap.
- the tubular electrode is connected to the positive pole of a DC generator.
- the negative pole of the current generator continuous is connected to the steam generator tubes.
- the electroplating process is still very slow, the electroplated material always has residual internal stresses, is relatively porous and, in a large number of operating conditions, becomes less ductile than the material of base and has non-uniform size nickel grains.
- US-A-4,849,084 describes a similar device comprising a rod and a sealing device making it possible to isolate part of the interior surface a steam generator tube from adjacent areas.
- the device seal has two sets spaced along the length of the stem. Each set consists of a sliding mounted annular piston on the stem body and at least one interposed annular seal between the piston and the radial support flange. Compressed air is supplied to the piston, thereby compressing the seal and causing it to radial expansion.
- This patent does not improve or overcome the drawbacks of the prior art described above with regard to the speed and quality of the electroplating process.
- the present invention relates to an electrolytic plating anode resonant for electrolytic plating of the inner surface of steam generator tubes.
- the invention relates to an anode of resonant electrolytic plating consisting of a number of parts tubes made of resonant ceramic material. Parts made of resonant material 14 are glued inside an anode tube to create a simple volume resonant. The pieces of resonant material 14 can also be mounted at one end of the electrode constituting the anode. Other modes may include a combination of resonant parts on along the inner part of the anode tube or mounted at one end of this tube.
- an electrolytic solution is brought outside of the electrode in an annular space formed between the generator tube vapor and discharged through the hollow central part of the anode.
- the resonant materials resonate inside the electrolytic solution during the electroplating process, providing thus an electrolytic plating process improved by ultrasound.
- the resonant electrolytic plating anode and the resulting process reduce the time required to carry out electrolytic plating, increase production, reduce residual internal stresses resulting from electroplating, improve ductility, produce a less porous deposited plating layer which improves strength corrosion and improve the uniformity of electrodeposited grains which may lack a lot of uniformity in the plating processes electrolytic according to the state of the art.
- the plated steam generator tubes which are obtained are of superior quality and have a longer service life compared to to the usual known techniques.
- Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a resonator for an electrolytic plating anode having a hollow anode having an inner surface, the resonator comprising a resonator made of ceramic material which is aligned along the inner surface of the anode or mounted at one or both ends of the anode.
- an electrode constituting a generally designated resonant electrolytic plating anode by the reference 10 is represented in a following form of construction the present invention.
- the electrolytic plating anode 10 has a plurality of parts made of resonant ceramic material 14.
- the dimensions of the pieces resonant material 14 define the frequency and amount of ultrasonic energy supplied to the electroplating process.
- Material parts resonant 14 are coupled to each other and fixed inside the tube anode 12 so as to create a single resonant volume.
- a polymer binder 16 is used to couple the pieces of resonant material 14 with each other and against the inner wall of the anode tube 12.
- the polymeric binder 16 is specially chosen to resist fatigue after a very large number of cycles of ultrasonic resonance or vibration and of a corrosive nature electrolyte solutions.
- Parts made of resonant material 14 can also be mounted at one end of the anode tube 12, as shown in FIG. 1B with binder 16. Additionally, a combination of embodiments Figures 1A and 1B can be used in which the pieces in resonant material are used along the interior space and at one end anode tube 12, as shown in Figure 1C.
- the anode tube 12 is preferably made of titanium covered with platinum. However, various materials such as multilayers of niobium and copper plated platinum may be acceptable.
- the anode tube 12 typically has a length of between 100 and 300 mm approximately and an outside diameter between 4.8 and 12.7 mm about. The preferred length is 200 mm and the outside diameter preferred is 6.5 mm.
- the anode tube 12 has a thickness between 1.5 and About 3 mm and preferably 1.90 mm.
- the ceramic resonators 14 are preferably chosen in the group of ceramic materials comprising ceramic crystals lead zirconium titanate and barium. When ceramic crystals are used to form the resonators 14, the crystals are connected electrically. They are also attached to the inner surface of the anode tube 12 by the binder 16 in which the bonded ceramic crystals and the anode tube form a single resonant body.
- the resonators in matter ceramic 14 are preferably aligned coaxially with the anode tube 12 by being coupled with each other and fixed inside the tube anode and / or at one end of the anode tube 12 or a combination both.
- the ceramic resonators 14 preferably have a hollow central part or internal conduit 20 along their axes. Also, in the preferred embodiment, the conduit 20 is covered with another layer formed of polymeric binder 16. Other materials such as plastic or plastic tubing can be used to form a thermally insulating barrier.
- the resonant electrolytic plating anode 10 may include ceramic resonators 14 multiple fixed end to end linear along the axis of the resonant electrolytic plating anode 10.
- the ceramic resonators have a length of between 10 mm and 100 mm, an outside diameter between 4.4 and 19 mm approximately and a diameter inside, or diameter of the conduit 20, between approximately 2 and 9 mm.
- the polymeric binder is preferably a dielectric polymer adhesive chosen from the group of epoxy resins. Other polymeric adhesives may be acceptable provided that they have a high volume resistivity, a long service life, a high thermal resistance to mechanical and chemical shock.
- the preferred polymeric binder 16 is a binary epoxy compound; it has a low viscosity; polymerizes at room temperature; exhibits an exceptionally low polymerization shrinkage, less than 0.0002 mm per mm; has a high dimensional stability, preferably with a volume resistivity greater than 10 14 ohms.cm; is an excellent electrical insulator; has a long service life and thermal resistance to mechanical and chemical shock.
- the resonant electrolytic plating anode 10 is inserted inside a steam generator tube 22, as shown in Figure 2.
- the electrolytic plating anode electrode 10 and the steam generator tube 22 forms an annular chamber 18.
- an electrolyte solution 24 is brought outside the anode electrode 10 into the annular chamber 18 between the generator tube 22 and the anode electrode 10 and discharged through the inner conduit 20 of the anode electrode 10.
- the electrolyte solution is preferably a solution of a nickel salt.
- the separation layer plastic material is preferably a dielectric material such as polypropylene, polyethylene or Teflon. Other materials, which present desirable chemical, thermal and structural resistance can be accepted.
- a cross section of the anode electrode 10 inside a generator tube 22 is also shown in Figure 3.
- a member seal 36 having an electrolyte discharge channel 40 makes it possible to isolate the rest of the tube of the steam generator of the electrolyte solution 24.
- the electrolyte return channel 40 provides a flow passage connecting the annular chamber 18 and the internal conduit 20.
- an electrolyte pump 28 pumps the electrolyte solution 24 into the annular chamber 18 and discharges the electrolyte from the inner conduit 20 through the pump duct 30.
- the flow direction of the electrolyte solution 24 is represented by arrows in the chamber annular 18. However, reverse circulation is also acceptable.
- the sealing member 36 confines the electrolyte solution 24 in the area inside the steam generator tube 22 requiring a repair. Once the anode electrode 10, the sealing member 36, the electrolyte conduit 30 and the pump conduit 28 are in place, the inner surface of steam generator tube 22 is ready for process electrolytic plating.
- the electroplating process uses electrolysis to deposit or reduce a metal on the inner surface of the generator tube vapor 22. Electrolysis occurs by passing an electric current through through an electrolytic solution 24.
- the electrolytic solution 24 can be an aqueous solution of any solid compound.
- the electrolyte is a nickel salt solution.
- Electrolysis is carried out by placing the positive terminal, anode, and the negative terminal, cathode, of a potential source 34 in physical contact with the electrolyte solution 24.
- the anode electrode 10 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the voltage source 34.
- the generator tube steam 22 is electrically connected to the negative terminal, cathode, of the voltage source 34.
- the coating is formed from nickel.
- An electrolyte is a solution that can be partially or completely dissociated into positive and negative ions. These ions move under the influence of an electrical potential such that a continuous tension. The displacement of the ions produces an electric current.
- the pumping system 28 provides continuously a new electrolyte in the annular chamber 18 and renews the electrolyte 24, after evacuation via the interior duct 20.
- the supply of a new electrolyte increases the efficiency of the electrolytic plating process.
- the ceramic resonator 14 is put into resonance or vibration using ultrasonic energy to improve the electrolytic plating process.
- the ultrasonic energy is supplied by an ultrasonic generator 32.
- the ultrasonic generator 32 is electrically coupled to the ceramic resonator 14 associated with the anode electrode 10.
- the ultrasonic generator 32 resonates the ceramic resonator 14 and therefore the anode electrode 10 inside the electrolyte solution.
- the ultrasonic energy supplied to the resonator 14 has an intensity between 0.1 and 700 watts / cm 2 and a frequency in the range of 20 to 70 kHz.
- Ultrasonic energy apparently increases the speed of reorientation water dipoles in the diffusion layer of the plating process electrolytic and significantly promotes dehydration of ions of nickel from electrolysis solution 24 in the area of the double layer Helmoltz, thereby significantly increasing the deposition rates.
- the increase in deposition rates should decrease so significant the time required for electrolytic plating which was previously 3.5 to 4 hours, up to approximately 1.4 to 2.6 hours.
- ultrasonic energy during plating electrolytic also reduces the amount of hydrogen incorporated in the depot, thereby reducing network disruption; prevents the coalescence of crystallites during the growth process; contributes to rapid transfer from the surface tension of the surface layer to the the next surface layer when the deposit forms; avoids the "freezing" of this tension in the network, which can be at the origin of the development future dislocations; and accelerates the dehydration of nickel ions in the Helmoltz double layer, thereby reducing the probability that water molecules stay in contact with nickel ions for a while sufficient to form oxides or hydroxides.
- the resonant electrolytic plating anode electrode and the resulting method created by combining ultrasonic energy (under specific conditions) with the electric plating field electroplating increase plating productivity, reduce internal residual stresses resulting from electrolytic plating, improve ductility, reduce the brittleness of the deposited nickel, produce a less porous nickel layer and improve corrosion resistance.
- the resonant electrolytic plating anode produced according to the present invention is primarily intended for use in repair steam generator tubes; however, the anode can be used in other applications, in other industrial processes in which high quality electrolytic nickel coating is required.
- the electrode described is highly desirable for applications where a nickel coating is applied inside an Inconel tube .
- the electrode can also be designed to apply a coating made of metallic material on a part of any shape made of any material.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (35)
- Anode de plaquage électrolytique résonante caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte :(a) une anode creuse (12) ayant une surface intérieure, et(b) un résonateur (14) aligné suivant ladite surface intérieure de ladite anode (12).
- Dispositif suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte de plus un liant (16) assurant la liaison entre ledit résonateur (14) et ladite surface intérieure de ladite anode (12).
- Dispositif suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le liant (16) est un liant polymère.
- Dispositif suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le liant (16) est un adhésif résistant à la corrosion en matière polymère.
- Dispositif suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le liant (16) présente un retrait après polymérisation inférieur à à peu près 0,0002 mm par mm.
- Dispositif suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le liant (16) est à peu près dimensionnellement stable.
- Dispositif suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le liant (16) est résistant du point de vue thermique et aux chocs mécaniques.
- Dispositif suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le liant (16) résiste chimiquement aux électrolytes.
- Dispositif suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que ledit liant (16) présente une résistivité volumique supérieure à à peu près 1014 Ohms.cm.
- Dispositif suivant la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que l'anode (12) est tubulaire.
- Dispositif suivant la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que ladite anode est formée en assurant la liaison de cristaux en matière céramique avec un liant polymère (16) le long de la surface du tube anode (12) à l'intérieur du tube anode creux (12) et contre cette surface, lesdits cristaux liés et ledit tube anode (12) formant un seul corps résonant et lesdits cristaux étant connectés électriquement.
- Dispositif suivant la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que ladite anode tubulaire (12) présente une longueur supérieure à son diamètre.
- Dispositif suivant la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que ladite anode tubulaire (12) a une épaisseur de paroi comprise entre 1,5 et 3 mm environ.
- Dispositif suivant la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que ladite anode tubulaire (12) a une épaisseur de paroi d'à peu près 1,90 mm.
- Dispositif suivant la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que ladite anode tubulaire a un diamètre extérieur compris entre 4,8 et 12,7 mm environ.
- Dispositif suivant la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que ladite anode tubulaire (12) a un diamètre extérieur d'à peu près 6,5 mm.
- Dispositif suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ladite anode (12) est en un matériau électriquement conducteur et résistant chimiquement au bain chimique.
- Dispositif suivant la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que ladite anode (12) est constituée par du titane recouvert de platine.
- Anode de plaquage électrolytique comportant un corps d'anode creux (12) ayant une surface intérieure et un résonateur (14), caractérisée en ce que le résonateur (14) en matière céramique est aligné suivant ladite surface intérieure de ladite anode (12).
- Dispositif suivant la revendication 19, caractérisé en ce que ladite anode (12) et ledit résonateur (14) en matière céramique sont tubulaires.
- Dispositif suivant la revendication 19, caractérisé en ce que ledit résonateur (14) en matière céramique comporte de plus un conduit interne (20).
- Dispositif suivant la revendication 21, caractérisé en ce que lesdits résonateurs (14) en matière céramique ont un diamètre extérieur entre 4,4 et 19 mm environ.
- Dispositif suivant la revendication 22, caractérisé en ce que ledit conduit interne (20) dudit résonateur (14) en matière céramique présente un diamètre intérieur qui n'est pas inférieur à 2 mm.
- Dispositif suivant la revendication 21, comportant de plus un liant de revêtement dudit conduit intérieur (20) dudit résonateur (14) en matière céramique.
- Dispositif suivant la revendication 20, caractérisé en ce que ledit résonateur (14) en matière céramique est creux et aligné de manière coaxiale suivant ladite surface intérieure de ladite anode tubulaire (12).
- Dispositif suivant la revendication 19, caractérisé en ce que ledit résonateur (14) en matière céramique comporte une pluralité de segments en matière céramique.
- Dispositif suivant la revendication 19, caractérisé en ce que ledit résonateur (14) en matière céramique est choisi dans le groupe comportant des cristaux en matière céramique de titanate de plomb zirconium et de barium.
- Anode de plaquage électrolytique résonante, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte :(a) une anode creuse (12) ayant une surface intérieure,(b) un résonateur (14) en matière céramique ayant une surface extérieure alignée suivant ladite surface intérieure de ladite anode (12), et(c) un liant (16) assurant la liaison de ladite surface extérieure dudit résonateur (14) en matière céramique à ladite surface intérieure de ladite anode.
- Dispositif suivant la revendication 28, caractérisé en ce que ledit résonateur (14) en matière céramique est constitué d'une pluralité de tronçons de résonateur reliés l'un à l'autre par ledit liant.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 28, caractérisé en ce que ledit résonateur (14) en matière céramique est constitué d'une pluralité de particules en matière céramique cristalline reliées entre elles et à ladite anode par ledit liant (16), lesdites particules en matière céramique cristallines liées audit tube d'anode (12) formant un seul corps résonant.
- Anode de plaquage électrolytique résonante, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte :(a) une anode creuse (12) ayant un conduit intérieur traversant et une extrémité,(b) un résonateur (14) en matière céramique ayant un conduit (20) traversant, et(c) un liant (16) assurant la liaison entre lesdits résonateurs en matière céramique et ladite anode dans lequel lesdits conduits sont alignés.
- Dispositif suivant la revendication 31, caractérisé en ce que ledit résonateur (14) en matière céramique est constitué d'une pluralité de tronçons de résonateur reliés entre eux par ledit liant.
- Dispositif suivant la revendication 31, caractérisé en ce que ledit résonateur (14) en matière céramique est constitué d'une pluralité de particules en matière céramique cristalline reliées entre elles et à ladite anode par ledit liant (16), lesdites particules en matière céramique cristalline et ledit tube d'anode (12) formant un corps résonant.
- Dispositif suivant la revendication 31, caractérisé en ce que ledit résonateur (14) en matière céramique est monté à une extrémité de ladite anode.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 31, caractérisé en ce que ledit résonateur (14) en matière céramique est monté le long dudit conduit traversant de ladite anode (12).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US688907 | 1985-01-04 | ||
| US08/688,907 US5695621A (en) | 1996-07-31 | 1996-07-31 | Resonating electroplating anode and process |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0822272A1 true EP0822272A1 (fr) | 1998-02-04 |
Family
ID=24766271
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97401739A Withdrawn EP0822272A1 (fr) | 1996-07-31 | 1997-07-18 | Anode de plaquage électrolytique résonante |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5695621A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0822272A1 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR980009528A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN1182809A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2210961A1 (fr) |
| ZA (1) | ZA976734B (fr) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6231728B1 (en) | 1996-11-22 | 2001-05-15 | Hubert F. Metzger | Electroplating apparatus |
| US7556722B2 (en) * | 1996-11-22 | 2009-07-07 | Metzger Hubert F | Electroplating apparatus |
| IT1303889B1 (it) * | 1998-12-01 | 2001-03-01 | Giovanna Angelini | Procedimento ed apparecchiatura per la cromatura in continuo di barree relativa struttura di anodo |
| US8298395B2 (en) | 1999-06-30 | 2012-10-30 | Chema Technology, Inc. | Electroplating apparatus |
| US6746590B2 (en) | 2001-09-05 | 2004-06-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Ultrasonically-enhanced electroplating apparatus and methods |
| CN105274559B (zh) * | 2015-11-19 | 2017-11-03 | 浙江科菲科技股份有限公司 | 一种双管网状阳极 |
| US20170363874A1 (en) | 2016-06-21 | 2017-12-21 | Symbol Technologies, Llc | Modular heads up display assemblies |
| KR102032296B1 (ko) * | 2017-11-01 | 2019-10-15 | 두산중공업 주식회사 | 가확관부 및 밀봉용접부 전기도금 정비장치, 이를 포함하는 정비시스템, 및 이를 운용하는 방법 |
| US11280016B2 (en) | 2020-03-19 | 2022-03-22 | Integran Technologies Inc. | Apparatus and method for in-situ electrosleeving and in-situ electropolishing internal walls of metallic conduits |
| GB2604914B (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2023-12-20 | C Tech Innovation Ltd | Electrochemical surface treatment apparatus |
| GB2628667A (en) * | 2023-03-31 | 2024-10-02 | Subsea 7 Ltd | Adapting hydrocarbon pipelines to transport hydrogen |
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| RU2042742C1 (ru) * | 1992-04-09 | 1995-08-27 | Научно-технический центр "Вибрационная технология" | Ультразвуковая установка для обработки внутренних поверхностей труб |
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| US3351539A (en) * | 1965-04-06 | 1967-11-07 | Branson Instr | Sonic agitating method and apparatus |
| US3427231A (en) * | 1965-07-21 | 1969-02-11 | Litton Systems Inc | Method of electroplating and electroforming gold in an ultrasonic field |
| US3567604A (en) * | 1967-05-29 | 1971-03-02 | Albert G Bodine | Use of sonic resonant energy in electrical machining |
| US3804725A (en) * | 1972-08-10 | 1974-04-16 | Western Electric Co | Methods and apparatus for treating an article |
| US4019969A (en) * | 1975-11-17 | 1977-04-26 | Instytut Nawozow Sztucznych | Method of manufacturing catalytic tubes with wall-supported catalyst, particularly for steam reforming of hydrocarbons and methanation |
| US4125447A (en) * | 1978-03-24 | 1978-11-14 | Bachert Karl R | Means for plating the inner surface of tubes |
| US4439284A (en) * | 1980-06-17 | 1984-03-27 | Rockwell International Corporation | Composition control of electrodeposited nickel-cobalt alloys |
| CH659258A5 (fr) * | 1984-03-20 | 1987-01-15 | Egatec S A | Appareil de galvanoplastie. |
| FR2565323B1 (fr) * | 1984-05-30 | 1986-10-17 | Framatome Sa | Procede de protection contre la corrosion d'un tube de generateur de vapeur et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
| US4750977A (en) * | 1986-12-17 | 1988-06-14 | Bacharach, Inc. | Electrochemical plating of platinum black utilizing ultrasonic agitation |
| FR2615207B1 (fr) * | 1987-05-14 | 1991-11-22 | Framatome Sa | Canne tubulaire pour le traitement de la surface interieure d'un tube |
| US5391290A (en) * | 1992-04-21 | 1995-02-21 | Nkk Corporation | Method for continuously tin-electroplating metal strip |
-
1996
- 1996-07-31 US US08/688,907 patent/US5695621A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-07-18 EP EP97401739A patent/EP0822272A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-07-29 ZA ZA976734A patent/ZA976734B/xx unknown
- 1997-07-30 CA CA002210961A patent/CA2210961A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1997-07-30 CN CN97115495A patent/CN1182809A/zh active Pending
- 1997-07-31 KR KR1019970036415A patent/KR980009528A/ko not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2042742C1 (ru) * | 1992-04-09 | 1995-08-27 | Научно-технический центр "Вибрационная технология" | Ультразвуковая установка для обработки внутренних поверхностей труб |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 9619, Derwent World Patents Index; Class C25, AN 186809, XP002046114 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA976734B (en) | 1999-01-29 |
| CA2210961A1 (fr) | 1998-01-31 |
| US5695621A (en) | 1997-12-09 |
| CN1182809A (zh) | 1998-05-27 |
| KR980009528A (ko) | 1998-04-30 |
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