EP0834048A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum trocknen von schnittholz bei unterdruck - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zum trocknen von schnittholz bei unterdruckInfo
- Publication number
- EP0834048A1 EP0834048A1 EP96917353A EP96917353A EP0834048A1 EP 0834048 A1 EP0834048 A1 EP 0834048A1 EP 96917353 A EP96917353 A EP 96917353A EP 96917353 A EP96917353 A EP 96917353A EP 0834048 A1 EP0834048 A1 EP 0834048A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- drying
- chamber
- wood
- drying chamber
- heating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
- F26B5/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements for supplying or controlling air or other gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/20—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure
- F26B21/202—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure with means for changing the flow pattern, e.g. by reversing gas flow or by moving the materials or objects through subsequent compartments, at least two of which have a different flow direction
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for drying sawn timber stacked with intermediate strips or other hygroscopic plate-like or rod-shaped goods at negative pressure in a vacuum-proof drying chamber, which with fans, the direction of action of which runs transversely to the longitudinal axis of the chamber, for circulating a gas-conveying medium dry medium, with one or more heating registers, which extend over the length of the drying chamber, and with a dehumidifying device (condenser) inside or outside the drying chamber.
- a dehumidifying device condenser
- Vacuum drying in a rough vacuum offers the possibility, compared to conventional technical drying at atmospheric pressure, to shorten drying times considerably.
- the mobility of the water inside the wood increases with falling pressure, so that the drying can be carried out correspondingly faster without mechanical stresses occurring in the wood due to drying out of the surface when the core is wet (the so-called "cladding") which lead to the formation of cracks or lead to deformation.
- a shortening of the drying time presupposes that the required heat of vaporization is transferred correspondingly faster from the heating register to the wood. This is not easy to achieve in a vacuum with convective heat transfer, because the heat capacity of the drying medium, the carrier of the heat energy, decreases in proportion to the decreasing pressure. Compared to conventional drying, significantly higher flow rates of the drying medium must therefore be generated in order to generate enough energy per time.
- REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE2ß) to be able to transport the unit.
- Adherence to an important quality characteristic of drying also causes problems with vacuum drying.
- especially large-scale dryers are often loaded with different wood batches, with freshly sawn and pre-dried goods, e.g. after storage under the roof outdoors.
- Low final moisture spreading is only achieved without additional measures in a time-consuming conditioning phase if the spreads are not too great at the beginning.
- the moisture is released by evaporation on the wood surface and diffusion into the drying medium (steam-air mixture), which in turn supplies the necessary heat of vaporization.
- Hot steam drying is used in practice e.g. always preferred when discoloration of the wood due to oxidation is to be avoided or when there is a risk of mold growth.
- the vapor pressure or vapor partial pressure is normally regulated in the vacuum drying chamber by means of the cooling capacity of the condenser. Increased cooling reduces vapor pressure through condensation; When cooling is switched off, the pressure increases due to the moisture emerging from the wood in the form of steam. In critical situations, when the steam release from the wood is less than the condensation on the incompletely heat-insulated chamber outer wall, or when the heat supply to the wood has to be stopped for other reasons, it may be necessary to generate additional steam to increase the pressure .
- the invention avoids the disadvantages of the prior art. It is the object of the invention to supply the heat to individual stacking areas and thus the moisture release of the wood per unit of time in these areas independently of other areas of the same drying batch
- REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 2tt to regulate the same drying chamber.
- the aim of this is to ensure that wood moisture differences between the stacking areas compensate for one another during the drying phase before the final conditioning phase is reached, and that the formation of additional wood moisture differences is prevented as far as possible by inhomogeneous heat losses on the outer walls of the chamber or by inhomogeneous heat supply.
- Another object is that for vacuum drying in which steam is required, this steam can be produced in a cost-saving manner. Steam generation can e.g. be important in the heating-up phase at the beginning of the drying process if improperly pre-dried wood parts are already inserted into the drying chamber, so that the required vapor pressure in the chamber cannot be achieved in a reasonable time by releasing the wood.
- the invention achieves the object in that the drying chamber is divided into at least two stacking areas, preferably in the direction of its longitudinal axis, and in that the heat transfer from the heating registers in the individual areas is determined separately depending on the measured values of the Desiccant temperature, the wood moisture and / or the Holzfeuch ⁇ gradient and / or regulates the wood temperature.
- An additional division into at least two stacking areas in different heights can contribute to the solution of the task, especially for high overall stacks. In chambers of great height and short length, only one division of the height can solve the task.
- a relative measure of the transfer to individual stack areas NEN amount of heat can be obtained from the temperature measurements of the desiccant before stack entry and after stack exit.
- the pressure in the drying chamber which, along with other parameters, also determines the mobility of moisture in the wood, cannot be varied locally, nor can the partial pressures of the gases or vapors present.
- the desired division into stack areas can be achieved according to the invention by a device which is characterized in that individual sections of the heating register are equipped with a separate valve for throttling or blocking the heating medium.
- An alternative device for achieving a division into stacking areas is that individual fans or groups of adjacent fans are operated separately, in that each fan or each fan group can be switched on and off as desired over time with the aid of a control device, independently of the other fans .
- An individual speed control can also be used if the increased investment costs are accepted by additional frequency converters.
- the invention prefers a combined device in which two or more fans are assigned to a heating register section, each of which is switched individually can be. As a result, the average speed of the desiccant flow can be adjusted to a certain extent independently of the desiccant temperature.
- This setting or regulation takes place as a function of measured values of the wood moisture and / or the wood moisture gradient (gradient) and / or the wood temperature, which are obtained by separate sensors in each stacking area.
- the heat transfer in many halls can be regulated based on the measured values of the desiccant temperature.
- uie ⁇ rax ⁇ s ⁇ er va ⁇ uumtrocknung has shown regarding temperature and current flow, caü ⁇ icr. Mix the parallel and rectified desiccant flows of neighboring fans only slightly when circulating in the chamber or when passing through the interstices between the stacks. It is therefore also possible without internal dividing walls to apply spatially separate drying areas with different states of the drying medium.
- the amount of moisture released per time is determined in vacuum by the heat of vaporization as long as the moisture mobility in the wood is sufficient to maintain sufficient moisture transport from the wood core.
- the resulting moisture gradient between the core and the surface may be one Do not exceed the specific limit value, so that the wood is not endangered by formwork and the drying process practically comes to a standstill.
- ERS ⁇ ZBL ⁇ T (RULE 26)
- the deviations can be achieved by transferring more heat to the inlet-side stack half (with respect to the drying agent flow direction preferred in the mean time) as a result of the asymmetrical fan reversing cycle than to the outlet-side.
- the desiccant is allowed to flow longer in one direction of flow than in the opposite direction.
- chamber-specific conditions or external conditions due to disturbance of the homogeneous temperature distribution are most noticeable in the case of high wood moisture at the beginning of drying and in the case of woods which are difficult to dry.
- existing wood moisture differences play a minor role.
- a uniform, rapid drying progress with a homogeneous temperature distribution can be achieved in this phase instead of by region-specific regulation of the heat emission by targeted mixing of the drying agent between adjacent areas or in the entire chamber.
- Flow-directing elements or additional fans are suitable for this purpose, which cause a desiccant flow in the longitudinal direction of the chamber, which overlaps the main flow perpendicular to it.
- the liquid required for evaporation is taken from a reservoir of the condensate originating from the wood. This saves energy compared to the alternative supply of fresh water, since the reservoir is always at a higher temperature level than tap water. There is also no need to soften the water in order to avoid calcification of the heat exchanger fins of the heating register. In addition, the use of condensate with its own ingredients reduces the risk of stains on the wood.
- the reservoir is not completely emptied at the end of drying so that there is also a supply of condensate for the initial phase of the next drying.
- the liquid which has not evaporated on the heating register sections is collected and returned to the reservoir.
- the removal and return of condensate is a bit more complex due to the additionally required pipeline.
- the amount of condensate present in the base area which arises from condensation of steam on the inside of the chamber walls, in particular on thermal bridges, can also be sufficient for such a dryer for steam generation.
- the possibility according to the invention for drying sawn timber stacked with intermediate strips at negative pressure in a vacuum-proof drying chamber which is equipped with fans for circulating a gaseous drying medium, the direction of action of which runs transversely to the longitudinal axis of the chamber, with a dehumidifying device (condenser) and with one or more heating registers, which extend over the length of the drying chamber, is characterized in that the drying chamber is divided into a plurality of stacking areas, preferably in the direction of its longitudinal axis and / or in the vertical direction, and in that each stacking area has means in the form of measuring sensors, control and / or regulating apparatus for setting an individual heat supply for the respective stacking area.
- the device according to the invention preferably divides the drying chamber into several stacking areas in the direction of its longitudinal axis and / or height, but this division is not achieved by more or less hermetically separating partitions, but rather a possibility of pressure equalization is left by transferring the drying medium between the individual stacking areas. Rather, the division is achieved by effective controls of the fans and / or the heating register in sections.
- this section-by-section control means in the form of measuring sensors, control and / or regulating apparatus for setting
- the heating register prefferably consist of two or more partial registers, each of which has a separate valve for throttling or blocking the flow of heating medium into the partial register.
- At least one tube provided with outlet openings, which extends over the length of the chamber, is arranged in the vicinity of the partial registers and these are arranged with the Evaporation liquid is supplied when the vapor pressure in the chamber is to be increased.
- the intermediate ceiling which is present anyway, can also be used as a collecting device for excess liquid.
- the intermediate floor can also fulfill this function with laterally arranged heating registers.
- the tube for the supply of evaporation liquid is connected via a motor pump to a reservoir of the condensate originating from the wood.
- a collecting trough which is open at the top is attached below the pipe supplying the evaporation liquid to the adjacent heating register, and if this trough has an opening at one end through which excess liquid flows into the reservoir can flow back.
- the individual drying processes are influenced in whole or in part by the fans, it is necessary that at least one fan is provided for each drying area and that there are control or regulating devices which control the running and pause duration and / or the Check the speed of the fans assigned to each drying area.
- Individual fans are preferably controlled by a central process computer.
- FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a drying chamber
- FIG. 2 shows a cross section through this drying chamber
- FIG. 3 shows a cross section through another drying chamber
- FIG. 4 shows a cross section through a further drying chamber
- the vacuum-proof drying chamber shown in the drawing for drying sawn timber stacked with intermediate strips at negative pressure consists of an elongated cylindrical kettle 1 which is closed on at least one end face by a gate 2. Rails 3 for track wagons 4 are installed in this boiler 1 and carry the stack of sawn timber 5 to be dried. Above the sawn timber stacks 5 there is an intermediate ceiling 6, below the sawn timber stacks 5 there is an intermediate floor 7 which is formed by the platforms of the carriages 4 and floor parts adjoining the sides of the boiler. Gaps remain between the platforms of the carriages 4 and these base parts.
- the false ceiling 6 extends in length from one End of the drying chamber 1 to the other end, but on its sides it does not reach the wall of the drying vessel 1, but leaves enough space for an annular flow of the drying medium around the longitudinal axis of the vessel. This flow runs through the stack 5 along the boiler wall into the room 8 above the false ceiling 6 and from there again along the boiler wall into the actual drying room 9.
- the intermediate floor 7 also extends from one end to the other end of the drying boiler 1 and extends to the side of the boiler wall. However, the space 10 below the intermediate floor 7 is not hermetically separated from the actual drying space 9, rather the drying medium can enter the space 9 into the space 10 through the gaps to the side of the platforms of the carriages 4.
- the condenser 12 is located in this space 10 below the intermediate floor 7, the space 10 itself serves as a reservoir for the condensate obtained on the condenser 12.
- reversible fans 13 for circulating the gaseous dry medium are arranged in the space 8 above the false ceiling 6, their direction of action extends transversely to the longitudinal axis of the boiler 1.
- the interior of the boiler 1 is more or less ⁇ rere stack areas A, B, C, D and E divided.
- a pipe 15 provided with spray devices extends parallel to the heating register over the length of the drying chamber.
- the temperature of the heating register sections 14 is set via one or more valves 11.
- the fans are evenly spaced above the false ceiling. At least one fan is assigned to a drying area.
- Measuring points for the wood moisture and / or the wood moisture gradients and the wood temperature are provided in the stack
- REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 2 ⁇ Furthermore, sensors for the desiccant temperature in the drying chamber are arranged on one or both sides of the stack.
- a collecting trough 16 for non-evaporated evaporating liquid Arranged below the heating register 14 and the spray pipe 15 is a collecting trough 16 for non-evaporated evaporating liquid, from which a pipe 17 leads into the space 10 serving as a reservoir for evaporating liquid and condensate. The liquid required for evaporation is then again removed from this space 10 and pumped into the spray tube 15 by means of a pump 18.
- the heating registers 14 are arranged in space 8 in front of the reversible fans 13.
- the heating medium is supplied to them via valves 11 which are connected to a heating medium supply pipe 22.
- a measuring sensor 20 is arranged in the wood stack 5 and in the room 9 in order to give the processor serving as the controller the values required for the process control. Further measuring sensors, not shown, are provided in order to obtain the various measuring values mentioned.
- the heating registers 14 are arranged in the horizontal central plane of the boiler 1.
- the fans 13 are arranged laterally in front of the lumber stacks 5, they can also be arranged one above the other in two levels.
- the heating registers 14 are arranged one above the other in two planes in front of the lumber stacks 5. With this arrangement, stacks can be divided into two height ranges. Additional fans 23, which are not absolutely necessary, can also generate a flow component in the longitudinal direction of the chamber if required.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19522028A DE19522028C2 (de) | 1995-06-17 | 1995-06-17 | Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Trocknen von Schnittholz bei Unterdruck |
| DE19522028 | 1995-06-17 | ||
| PCT/DE1996/001066 WO1997000412A1 (de) | 1995-06-17 | 1996-06-10 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum trocknen von schnittholz bei unterdruck |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0834048A1 true EP0834048A1 (de) | 1998-04-08 |
| EP0834048B1 EP0834048B1 (de) | 1999-09-29 |
Family
ID=7764585
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96917353A Expired - Lifetime EP0834048B1 (de) | 1995-06-17 | 1996-06-10 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum trocknen von schnittholz bei unterdruck |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5979074A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0834048B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE185191T1 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2224819A1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19522028C2 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2140101T3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1997000412A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (26)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2757097B1 (fr) * | 1996-12-13 | 1999-01-29 | Bci | Dispositif et procede de traitement a haute temperature de materiau ligno-cellulosique |
| DE19801162C1 (de) * | 1998-01-15 | 1999-09-23 | Reinhard Brunner | Vorrichtung zum Trocknen von gestapeltem Schnittholz |
| NL1015161C2 (nl) * | 2000-05-11 | 2001-11-13 | Npc Ind B V I O | Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van duurzame producten. |
| US6397488B1 (en) | 2000-06-15 | 2002-06-04 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Apparatus and method for drying printing composition on a print medium |
| SK2272001A3 (en) * | 2001-02-14 | 2002-12-03 | Kvetoslav Nikl | A device for dielectric-vacuum drying and colour tingeing of hard wood |
| AT412741B (de) | 2001-12-10 | 2005-06-27 | Muehlboeck Kurt | Verfahren zum trocknen von gestapeltem holz |
| US7100303B2 (en) * | 2002-11-20 | 2006-09-05 | Pci Industries Inc. | Apparatus and method for the heat treatment of lignocellulosic material |
| US7043853B2 (en) * | 2003-02-04 | 2006-05-16 | Waco Construction Co., Inc. | Kiln with process water evaporation system |
| FR2870154B1 (fr) * | 2004-05-13 | 2012-12-14 | Bio 3D Applic | Procede et systeme bio-thermiques pour stabiliser des bois d'oeuvre |
| US7963048B2 (en) * | 2005-05-23 | 2011-06-21 | Pollard Levi A | Dual path kiln |
| CN101801174B (zh) * | 2007-07-15 | 2012-02-15 | 格林百奥生态材料科技(上海)有限公司 | 可干燥木产品的太阳能温室 |
| US8201501B2 (en) * | 2009-09-04 | 2012-06-19 | Tinsley Douglas M | Dual path kiln improvement |
| US20110059412A1 (en) * | 2009-09-09 | 2011-03-10 | Thomas Robert Wiedemeier | Device and process for eradicating pests in wood |
| CN102252502A (zh) * | 2011-04-27 | 2011-11-23 | 于玺泽 | 木材干燥方法及干燥装置 |
| US20130081300A1 (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-04 | Donald J. Gray | Vacuum cycling drying |
| CA2757608A1 (en) * | 2011-11-07 | 2013-05-07 | Guy Prud'homme | Apparatus and method for thermo-transformation of wood |
| DE102012111892B4 (de) * | 2012-12-06 | 2016-04-28 | Christoph Grabolle | Vorrichtung zum Trocknen von Holz |
| US10782069B2 (en) | 2014-06-10 | 2020-09-22 | Ctb, Inc. | Equilibrium moisture grain drying with heater and variable speed fan |
| US9726429B1 (en) * | 2016-01-31 | 2017-08-08 | EPCON Industrial Systems, LP | Wood processing oven and method |
| RU2682471C2 (ru) * | 2017-07-11 | 2019-03-19 | Владимир Петрович Голицын | Способ сушки древесины и устройство для его осуществления |
| US10619921B2 (en) | 2018-01-29 | 2020-04-14 | Norev Dpk, Llc | Dual path kiln and method of operating a dual path kiln to continuously dry lumber |
| EP3818317A4 (de) | 2018-07-02 | 2022-03-09 | Green Mountain Mechanical Design, Inc. | Vakuumtrocknungsöfen und steuerungssysteme dafür |
| CN108955112B (zh) * | 2018-07-09 | 2020-08-18 | 内蒙古农业大学 | 模块组合型木材干燥器 |
| US11439044B1 (en) | 2018-12-31 | 2022-09-06 | United Services Automobile Association (Usaa) | Heat recovery from data center cooling system |
| US11619444B2 (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2023-04-04 | Boldesign Inc. | Lumber drying kiln including bidirectional push-pull air circulation |
| CN113865290B (zh) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-02-25 | 诸城市松源木业有限责任公司 | 一种原木干燥设备 |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2085634A (en) * | 1932-04-15 | 1937-06-29 | Moore Dry Kiln Co | Dry kiln |
| US2202143A (en) * | 1935-06-03 | 1940-05-28 | Cobb James Forrest | Dry kiln and in the art of kiln drying |
| US3744144A (en) * | 1971-04-23 | 1973-07-10 | H Weis | Automated controls for lumber drying kiln |
| IT1071276B (it) * | 1976-05-12 | 1985-04-02 | Pagnozzi Ernesto Guglielmo | Perfezionamenti nei procedimenti e negli impianti di essiccazione del legname..particolarmente negli impianti che impiegano il vuoto |
| JPS53103261A (en) * | 1977-02-19 | 1978-09-08 | Kitagawa Iron Works Co | Method of drying wooden products and apparatus therefor |
| IT1083106B (it) * | 1977-05-17 | 1985-05-21 | Pagnozzi Vincenzo | Essicatoio a vuoto particolarmente per legname |
| DE3717659A1 (de) * | 1987-05-26 | 1988-12-15 | Brunner R Messtechmik | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum trocknen von schnittholz |
| US5197201A (en) * | 1988-09-27 | 1993-03-30 | Ekono Oy | Process for drying timber |
| DE9005827U1 (de) * | 1990-05-22 | 1990-08-23 | Kronseder, Josef, 8313 Vilsbiburg | Vorrichtung zum Trocknen von Holz |
| ATE129803T1 (de) * | 1991-03-23 | 1995-11-15 | Brunner Reinhard | Vorrichtung zum trocknen von holz. |
| DE4228699C2 (de) * | 1991-12-02 | 1997-04-24 | Neumann Rodolfo J | Vorrichtung zum chargenweisen Trocknen von Schnittholz |
| DE4234683A1 (de) * | 1992-10-14 | 1994-04-21 | Brunner Reinhard | Vorrichtung zum Trocknen von Holz oder anderen Feststoffen |
| DE9412767U1 (de) * | 1994-08-08 | 1994-10-27 | Opel, Alfred, Dipl.-Ing. (FH), 72669 Unterensingen | Vakuumtrockner für Schnitthölzer |
-
1995
- 1995-06-17 DE DE19522028A patent/DE19522028C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-06-10 WO PCT/DE1996/001066 patent/WO1997000412A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1996-06-10 CA CA002224819A patent/CA2224819A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-06-10 ES ES96917353T patent/ES2140101T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-10 DE DE59603228T patent/DE59603228D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-06-10 AT AT96917353T patent/ATE185191T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-06-10 US US08/973,909 patent/US5979074A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-06-10 EP EP96917353A patent/EP0834048B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO9700412A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1997000412A1 (de) | 1997-01-03 |
| CA2224819A1 (en) | 1997-01-03 |
| ATE185191T1 (de) | 1999-10-15 |
| DE19522028C2 (de) | 1999-12-16 |
| DE59603228D1 (de) | 1999-11-04 |
| ES2140101T3 (es) | 2000-02-16 |
| EP0834048B1 (de) | 1999-09-29 |
| US5979074A (en) | 1999-11-09 |
| DE19522028A1 (de) | 1996-12-19 |
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