EP0834601A1 - Procédé de régulation de la température du bain d'une cuve d'électrolyse pour la production d'aluminium - Google Patents
Procédé de régulation de la température du bain d'une cuve d'électrolyse pour la production d'aluminium Download PDFInfo
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- EP0834601A1 EP0834601A1 EP97420174A EP97420174A EP0834601A1 EP 0834601 A1 EP0834601 A1 EP 0834601A1 EP 97420174 A EP97420174 A EP 97420174A EP 97420174 A EP97420174 A EP 97420174A EP 0834601 A1 EP0834601 A1 EP 0834601A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- bath
- tank
- resistance
- rthb
- Prior art date
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- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 208000018733 Resistance to thyroid hormone due to a mutation in thyroid hormone receptor beta Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 208000018736 resistance to thyroid hormone due to a mutation in thyroid hormone receptor alpha Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009626 Hall-Héroult process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910016569 AlF 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 7
- 241000897276 Termes Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003416 augmentation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000004233 talus Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanal Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=O IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N B#[Ti]#B Chemical compound B#[Ti]#B QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100004286 Caenorhabditis elegans best-5 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910033181 TiB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940082150 encore Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;molecular fluorine Chemical compound C.FF QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000414 sodium fluoride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/20—Automatic control or regulation of cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for regulating the temperature of the bath.
- an aluminum production tank by electrolysis of dissolved alumina in an electrolyte based on molten cryolite, according to the Hall-Héroult process.
- the conduct of an electrolysis tank for the production of aluminum requires keeping its temperature as close as possible to its optimal operating temperature or equilibrium temperature.
- the tank temperature is given by the maximum temperature at the heart of the tank, that is to say the temperature of the electrolysis bath.
- the operating conditions of a tank having been previously fixed and thereby the set temperature of the electrolysis bath is through an adjustment energy supplied to the tank compared to the energy consumed or dissipated by it, that it is possible to maintain the temperature of the bath at its setpoint.
- the aim is to approach the optimal operating conditions, in particular for the equilibrium temperature. Faraday yields of around 95% can thus be reached, or even 96% in the case of acid baths, therefore containing a large excess of AlF 3 which makes it possible to lower the equilibrium temperature to around 950 °. C or even below.
- Another advantage of a very efficient thermal regulation is to promote the permanent maintenance of a sufficiently solidified bath slope thick on the sides of the tank and thus protect them against erosion, oxidation, chemical attack by liquids and aluminum.
- This protection of sides by the solidified bath slope obviously promotes the longevity of the pot lining and insofar as this solidified embankment is sufficiently thick, it causes a decrease in the lateral heat flow, hence a reduction in heat losses resulting in a reduction significant energy consumption.
- thermowell made of silicon nitride or titanium diboride placed in a side wall of the tank at the level of the bath and in which is housed a temperature probe according to FR 2104781 only makes it possible to measure the temperature of the bath 'in the vicinity of the wall and moreover with significant inertia, therefore without the possibility of rapidly detecting small temperature variations (2 to 3 ° C).
- the temperature measurements of the electrolysis bath are still very often performed manually and periodically by an operator who open the hood or the tank door and immerse a cane in the bath pyrometric.
- This procedure clearly presents many disadvantages: releases of fluorinated gases into the surrounding atmosphere, operator exposure to these harmful releases, low frequency of these measurements (typically 1 measurement every one or two days) difficult to perform and therefore not ensuring sufficiently monitored temperature control for perform precise and reliable regulation to meet new requirements of modern electrolytic cells.
- the thermal of the tank reacts quickly to a thermal stress.
- the tank reacts very quickly to an increase in power, even if the reaction takes its full extent only after a few hours or ten hours due to the thermal inertia of the tank.
- the chemistry of the bath in particular the excess of AlF 3 , changes only with a significant delay, the effect of an addition of AlF 3 appearing only several tens of hours at several days after the time of the addition.
- EP 0671488A describes a thermal regulation process according to which a theoretical calculation of the energy dissipated in and by the electrolysis cell in its various forms is periodically carried out: energy necessary for the reduction of alumina but also energy absorbed by the various additives, such as alumina and AlF 3 , as well as by operating operations (changes of anode for example).
- This dissipated energy is compared to the energy supplied to the tank for a predefined operating speed.
- the deviations are then corrected by acting on the set resistance, which is increased by increasing the anode-metal distance (DAM), if there is a deficit in the energy supplied, or which is reduced by decreasing the anode-metal distance if there is an excess of energy.
- DAM anode-metal distance
- the author's certificate SU 1 183 565 describes a method of regulation temperature according to which the temperature of the bath of the tank and the anode-metal distance is directly and only modified proportionally, on the one hand, to the difference between the last temperature measured and the set temperature, and on the other hand, the difference between the last measured temperature and the previous one.
- This approach does not hold account of the various disturbances that are part of industrial operations normal electrolytic cells, such as anode changes and solid bath additions, which disturbances cause variations in temperature up to several tens of degrees. For example, after the installation of a new anode, the temperature of the bath drops very quickly and very strongly, especially in the vicinity of this anode.
- the method according to the invention provides a solution to the problem of individual thermal regulation of electrolytic cells. It consists of acting on the temperature of the tank via the setpoint resistance Ro, which is modulated so as to correct the temperature both in advance and by feedback.
- the correction in advance known as “a priori”
- the correction by feedback known as "a posteriori”
- a posteriori consists, starting from the direct measurement of the bath temperature at regular time intervals electrolysis, to determine an average temperature corrected according periodic operations and to compensate for variations and deviations of this temperature from a set temperature.
- the corrections are made by regularly adjusting a so-called value of additional resistance, positive or negative, added to the resistance of tank setpoint, so that it warms the tank temperature towards the setpoint and limits variations over time.
- RTHb is advantageously calculated using a regulator, preferably according to an algorithm comprising a proportional action, integral and derivative.
- the calculation of RTHb is performed such that, if the corrected average temperature of the bath is lower than the temperature of setpoint, i.e. if ⁇ mc ⁇ o, this additional resistance is increased consequently, if the corrected average temperature ⁇ mc is on the way to decrease we also increase this additional resistance in consequence, if the corrected average temperature is higher than the set temperature, i.e. if ⁇ mc> ⁇ o, this resistance is reduced accordingly and if the corrected average temperature ⁇ mc is in the process of increasing, this additional resistance is also reduced Consequently.
- the values of RTHb are limited so as to keep them at within an allowable range, including a lower safety threshold (RTHb min) and an upper safety threshold (RTHb max).
- RTHb min lower safety threshold
- RTHb max upper safety threshold
- the values calculated from RTHb which go outside the admissible range are brought back to the closest threshold value.
- Such a limitation of the values allowed for RTHb make it possible in particular to avoid over-corrections that could cause abnormal temperature values.
- the bath temperature measurement is a point measurement in space (at a given point in the tank) and over time (at a given point in time a periodic measurement cycle).
- the temperature of the bath varies at the same time according to the place of the tank where we are placed (at a given time) and according to the time of the measurement (at a given location). If we consider the effect of change of an anode for example, at a given time, the temperature the lower the measured anode is, the closer it is to the point of measure, and over time, the measured temperature is lower as the change of anode is recent.
- the temperature measurement is therefore not directly usable, even when the tank is in normal and fixed operating conditions, i.e. correctly regulated, stable and avoiding, by appropriate waiting, the direct impact of disturbing operations of operation or adjustment such as change anode, metal casting or specific regulation procedure.
- the bath temperature must be measured at least once per cycle of thermal regulation Tr corresponding to a work sequence. This measurement can be done manually discontinuously but much more efficiently using a special semi-continuously submerged sensor in the bath and allowing for much greater temperature measurements frequency for example every hour.
- Figures 1a to 1c illustrate the calculation of the corrected average temperature, which is used to determine the correction term RTHb at item j, in the case where an anode change was made after measuring the temperature at station d - 4 and where the calculation of the average temperature is performed using the temperature values measured at stations j - 3 to j.
- the figure la corresponds to the case where the changed anode is at a so-called position intermediate with respect to the measurement point, hence the fact that ⁇ is zero.
- the Figure 1b corresponds to the case where the changed anode is relatively close to the measuring point, hence a positive ⁇ .
- Figure 1c corresponds to the case where the anode changed is relatively far from the measurement point, resulting in a negative ⁇ .
- RTHb either the corrected average temperature ⁇ mb, or the temperature corrected mean differential ⁇ md usually called overheating corrected mean, that is to say the 2 parameters at the same time, for example as it is described in the implementation of the invention (example e), where the temperature corrected mean ⁇ mb is chosen as the basic setting parameter for the additional resistance and where the corrected average superheat ⁇ md is taken into account if it exceeds a fixed threshold.
- the corrected average superheat ⁇ md is used as the setting, the corresponding temperature ⁇ l of the liquidus, traditionally calculated from the chemical composition of bath which should therefore be determined simultaneously during the work sequence considered. Liquidus temperature and overheating can also be obtained by direct measurement on the tank electrolysis using an appropriate device.
- the additional resistance includes a term RTHa, for which it is required account at certain items, intended to compensate in advance for irregular disturbances but known and quantified as the additions of solid bath, and an RTHb term calculated according to the values of ⁇ mb and ⁇ md compared to the set values, as well as their evolution.
- DAM anode-metal distance
- the term RTHb was calculated by a regulator including an action proportional, integral and derived, and in some cases including a term of correction of overheating.
- the correction coefficient of overheating s was - 0.0150 ⁇ / ° C in the cases described, this coefficient corrector s preferably being in the range - 0.5000 ⁇ / ° C ⁇ s ⁇ 0.0000 ⁇ / ° C.
- RTHa correction which term was equal to + 0.058 ⁇ in the cases presented (in proportion of the bath addition flow crushed by the automatic device power supply).
- Cases a) to e) presented below correspond to different situations observed during the months of implementation of the method according to the invention. These cases correspond respectively to Figures 2 to 5, in which the evolution of the values between two successive values is shown in line thin for ⁇ m and thick line for ⁇ mc.
- An anode change was made during station j - 4, before the temperature measurement, and during station j, also before the temperature measurement.
- the temperature correction ⁇ determined by the regulator according to the correction tables stored and applied to the average temperature was + 4.2 ° C for station j, which corresponds to the fact that the anode changed at station j was very close to the temperature measurement point, and - 0.9 ° C for station j - 1, which corresponds to the fact that the anode changed at station j - 4 was relatively far from the point of temperature measurement.
- RTH correction is actually slightly positive because the a priori correction term RTHa, which counterbalances the term of RTHb a posteriori regulation, anticipates cooling.
- the combined effect of the a posteriori correction term and the a priori correction can largely compensate for a negative deviation, and significant, compared to the set point combined with a tendency to predictable cooling.
- RTHb value greater than zero and superheat value greater than the set superheat may be subject to certain conditions, namely in this case: RTHb value greater than zero and superheat value greater than the set superheat.
- the overheating correction can be applied to RTHb in example d).
- correction coefficients p, i, d and s as well as their ranges of variation were first determined by theoretical calculations using the formulas and calculation tools of the Research Laboratory of Aluminum Fabrications Pechiney. They were then refined experimentally on the basis of the results obtained during the implementation of temperature regulation on test vessels, knowing that the configuration is all the more suitable as it allows bath temperatures to be obtained. more stable and tighter around the target temperature.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- on effectue au moins une mesure de température du bain ;
- on détermine à partir des n dernières mesures, une température moyenne corrigée mc, représentative de l'état moyen de l'ensemble de la cuve et affranchie des variations dans le temps et l'espace dues aux opérations périodiques d'exploitation ;
- on détermine une résistance additionnelle corrective RTH, positive ou
négative, constituée de 2 termes :
- un terme RTHa de correction a priori, calculé de manière à neutraliser par anticipation les perturbations irrégulières mais connues et quantifiées comme les additions de bain solide,
- un terme RTHb de correction a posteriori, calculé en fonction de la température moyenne corrigée mc et de la température de consigne o, de manière à faire tendre la température moyenne corrigée de la cuve mc vers la valeur de consigne o et à en limiter les variations dans le temps ;
- on applique la résistance RTH à la résistance Ro de consigne de la cuve, pour maintenir ou corriger la température de la cuve.
- soit sous forme de température moyenne corrigée mb obtenue directement à partir des mesures de température du bain dont les valeurs sont généralement comprises entre 930°C et 980°C, cette température moyenne corrigée mb étant comparée à la température de consigne o de la cuve par exemple 950°C,
- soit sous forme de température moyenne corrigée différentielle md représentant l'écart de température entre la température moyenne corrigée mb précédemment définie et la température de liquidus l du bain, sachant qu'à une composition chimique donnée du bain d'électrolyse correspond une température de liquidus donnée. On connaít sous le nom de surchauffe cet écart de température entre la température du bain et la température de liquidus, il s'ensuit dans le cas présent que la température moyenne corrigée différentielle md n'est autre que la surchauffe moyenne corrigée. Celle-ci est comparée à la température différentielle de consigne od ou encore surchauffe de consigne fixée par les paramètres d'exploitation de la cuve tenant compte notamment du flux thermique latéral (proportionnel au coefficient d'échange moyen entre le bain et le talus multiplié par la surchauffe) lié à l'épaisseur du talus de bain solidifié latéral.
- d'une part des perturbations irrégulières mais connues et quantifiées comme par exemple les additions de bain solide dont on neutralise a priori et par anticipation l'action de refroidissement par une augmentation de la résistance Ro de consigne de la cuve à l'aide d'une résistance additionnelle positive RTHa dont la valeur est calculée en fonction du débit d'addition de bain broyé, cette augmentation de la résistance de consigne étant en pratique mise en oeuvre par une légère augmentation de la DAM dans la cuve,
- d'autre part des perturbations imprévisibles (incidents ou anomalies de fonctionnement) qu'il convient de détecter le plus tôt possible pour les contenir puis les corriger rapidement et retrouver la température de consigne o ou od si l'on considère la surchauffe de consigne et cela par l'application d'une seconde résistance additionnelle positive ou négative RTHb à la résistance Ro de consigne de la cuve.
- composition du bain : cryolithe AlF3, 3 NaF + 12 % excès AlF3
- température de consigne o = 950°C
- température liquidus l = 938°C
- surchauffe de consigne od = 12°C
- durée du cycle de régulation thermique Tr = 1 poste de 8 heures
- durée du cycle d'exploitation T = 32 heures
- nombre de mesure de température par poste = 1
- moyenne corrigée calculée sur les 4 dernières mesures de température
- résistance de consigne Ro = 5,930 µΩ
- plage admissible pour RTHb fixée à RTHb = - 0,100 µΩ et RTHb max = + 0,200 µΩ
- résistance R aux bornes de la cuve calculée périodiquement à partir de la relation R [ohm] = (U-E) / lc , où U est la tension aux bornes de la cuve en volts, lc l'intensité du courant d'électrolyse en ampères et E la tension d'électrolyse avec par exemple E=1,65 volts dans le cas présent.
m (j) = 943,5 °C et m (j-1) = 942,5 °C.
mc(j) = mb(j) = 943,5 + 4,2 = 947,7°C ;
mc(j-1) = mb(j-1) = 942,5 - 0,9 = 941,6°C.
- terme correctif proportionnel P = p x (mb(j) - o) = - 0,0400 x [947,7-950] = + 0,092 µΩ
- terme correctif intégral I = l(j - 1) - i x (mb(j) - o) = 0,00005 - 0,00005 x [947,7 - 950] = 0,00017 µΩ arrondi à 0,000 µΩ pour le calcul de RTHb
- terme correctif dérivé D = d x (mb(j) - mb(j-1)) = - 0,0200 x (947,7 - 941,6) =-0,122 µΩ
RTH(j) = RTHa + RTHb = + 0,058 µΩ - 0,030 µΩ = + 0,028 µΩ.
m (j) = 951,3 °C et m (j-1) = 954,9 °C
mc(j) = mb(j) = 951,3 + 1,5 = 952,8°C
mc(j-1) = mb(j-1) = 954,9 + 1,5 = 956,4°C
P = - 0,0400 x (952,8 - 950) = - 0,1 12 µΩ
I = 0,0001 1 - 0,00005 x [952,8 - 950] = - 0,00003 µΩ arrondi à 0,000 µΩ
D = - 0,0200 x (952,8 - 956,4) = + 0,072 µΩ
donc RTHb = - 0,112 + 0,000 + 0,072 = - 0,040 µΩ
RTH(j) = RTHa + RTHb = + 0,058 µΩ - 0,040 µΩ = + 0,018 µΩ.
m (j) = 955,0 °C
m (j-1) = 955,6 °C.
mc(j) = mb(j) = 955,0 + 1,2 = 956,2°C
mc(j-1) = mb(j-1) = 955,6 + 1,2 = 956,8°C.
P = - 0,0400 x (956,2 - 950) = - 0,248 µΩ
I = - 0,00008 - 0,00005 x [956,2 - 950] = - 0,00039 µΩ arrondi à 0,000 µΩ
D = - 0,0200 x (956,2 - 956,8) = + 0,012 µΩ
donc RTHb = - 0,248 + 0,000 + 0,012 = - 0,236 µΩ, qui est bornée à - 0,100 µΩ, car elle est située sous le seuil inférieur de sécurité.
RTH(j) = RTHa + RTHb = + 0,058 µΩ - 0,100 µΩ = - 0,042 µΩ.
m (j) = 944,1 °C
m (j-1) = 945,7 °C
mc(j) = mb(j) = 944,1 + 1,5 = 945,6 °C
mc(j-1) = mb(j-1) = 945,7 - 0,9 = 944,8 °C
P = - 0,0400 x (945,6 - 950) = + 0,176 µΩ
I = - 0,00018 - 0,00005 x [945,6 - 950] = + 0,00004 µΩ arrondi à 0,000 µΩ
D = - 0,0200 x (945,6 - 944,8) = - 0,016 µΩ
donc RTHb = + 0,176 + 0,000 - 0,016 = + 0,160 µΩ
RTH(j) = RTHa + RTHb = + 0,058 µΩ + 0,160 µΩ = + 0,218 µΩ.
RTHa + RTHb = + 0,058 µΩ + 0,104 µΩ = + 0,162 µΩ.
p' = p x lc / lc' = p x (4 x 105 A) / lc'
i' = i x lc / lc' = i x (4 x 105 A) / lc'
d' = d x lc / lc' = d x (4 x 105 A) / lc'
s' = s x lc / lc' = s x (4 x 105 A) / lc'
| A | B | ||
| Excès AlF3 visé | % | 11,8 | 13 |
| Ecart type total | σ% | 1,5 | 0,8 |
| Excès AlF3 à | +/- 2 σ % | 8,8 à 14,8 | 11,4 à 14,6 |
| Température visée | °C | 953 | 947 |
| Ecart-type total | σ °C | 7 | 3 |
| Température à | +/- 2 σ °C | 939 à 967 | 941 à 953 |
| Rendement Faraday | % | 94,9 | 96,2 |
| Tension cuve | volts | 4,25 | 4,14 |
| Energie spécifique | kWh / t (tonne Al) | 13350 | 12830 |
Claims (11)
- Procédé de régulation thermique d'une cuve de production d'aluminium par électrolyse d'alumine dissoute dans un électrolyte à base de cryolithe fondue selon le procédé Hall-Héroult comportant la mesure directe et à intervalles de temps réguliers de la température du bain, et comportant des modifications de la distance anode-métal en fonction des valeurs mesurées de la résistance de la cuve R par rapport à une résistance de consigne Ro, caractérisé en ce que, au cours de chaque cycle de régulation thermique de durée Tr correspondant à une séquence de travail comprise dans le cycle d'exploitation de la cuve de durée T :on effectue au moins une mesure de température du bain ;on détermine à partir des n dernières mesures une température moyenne corrigée mc représentative de l'état moyen de l'ensemble de la cuve et affranchie des variations dans le temps et l'espace dues aux opérations périodiques d'exploitation ;on détermine une résistance additionnelle RTH, positive ou négative, constituée de 2 termes :un terme RTHa de correction a priori, calculé de manière à neutraliser par anticipation les perturbations irrégulières mais connues et quantifiées comme les additions de bain solide,un terme RTHb de correction a posteriori, calculé en fonction de la température moyenne corrigée mc et de la température de consigne o, de manière à faire tendre la température moyenne corrigée de la cuve mc vers la valeur de consigne o et à en limiter les variations dans le temps ;on applique la résistance additionnelle RTH à la résistance Ro de consigne de la cuve pour maintenir ou corriger la température de la cuve.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que le terme RTHb est calculé par un régulateur.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le calcul du terme RTHb comprend un algorithme par action proportionnelle, intégrale et dérivée.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la correction spatiale de température déterminée expérimentalement peut atteindre 10°C suivant les opérations considérées et la position du point de mesure.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la température moyenne corrigée mc est calculée à partir des mesures de température de bain des cycles de régulation thermique Tr compris dans le cycle d'exploitation de changement d'anode et de coulée dont la durée T est classiquement de 24, 30, 32, 36, 40, 42 ou 48 heures.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le cycle de régulation thermique correspond à une séquence de travail dont la durée Tr est classiquement de 4, 6, 8 ou 12 heures.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la température moyenne corrigée mc est exprimée sous forme d'une température mb déduite directement des mesures de température du bain et comparée à la température de consigne o.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la température moyenne corrigée mc est exprimée sous forme d'une température différentielle md correspondant à l'écart entre la température moyenne corrigée directe mb précédemment définie et la température de liquidus l du bain, appelée également surchauffe moyenne corrigée, que l'on compare à la température différentielle de consigne ou surchauffe de consigne od.
- Procédé selon les revendications 1, 7 et 8, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise comme paramètre de réglage de la résistance additionnelle RTHb la température moyenne corrigée mb ou la surchauffe moyenne corrigée md ou une combinaison de ces 2 grandeurs.
- Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la température de liquidus l du bain est calculée à partir de la composition chimique du bain.
- Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la température de liquidus du bain et la surchauffe sont obtenues par mesure directe sur la cuve d'électrolyse à l'aide d'un dispositif approprié.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9611962 | 1996-09-25 | ||
| FR9611962A FR2753727B1 (fr) | 1996-09-25 | 1996-09-25 | Procede de regulation de la temperature du bain d'une cuve d'electrolyse pour la production d'aluminium |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0834601A1 true EP0834601A1 (fr) | 1998-04-08 |
| EP0834601B1 EP0834601B1 (fr) | 2000-04-26 |
Family
ID=9496245
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97420174A Expired - Lifetime EP0834601B1 (fr) | 1996-09-25 | 1997-09-24 | Procédé de régulation de la température du bain d'une cuve d'électrolyse pour la production d'aluminium |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5882499A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0834601B1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU717983B2 (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR9704860B1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2215186C (fr) |
| EG (1) | EG20880A (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2146967T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2753727B1 (fr) |
| IN (1) | IN192036B (fr) |
| NO (1) | NO317403B1 (fr) |
| NZ (1) | NZ328743A (fr) |
| ZA (1) | ZA978544B (fr) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2789407B1 (fr) | 1999-02-05 | 2001-03-23 | Pechiney Aluminium | Arrangement de cuves d'electrolyse pour la production d'aluminium |
| FR2806742B1 (fr) | 2000-03-24 | 2002-05-03 | Pechiney Aluminium | Implantation d'installations d'une usine d'electrolyse pour la production d'aluminium |
| FR2821363B1 (fr) * | 2001-02-28 | 2003-04-25 | Pechiney Aluminium | Procede de regulation d'une cellule d'electrolyse |
| US20030057102A1 (en) * | 2001-09-24 | 2003-03-27 | Beck Theodore R. | Temperature control for low temperature reduction cell |
| US8608935B2 (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2013-12-17 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Apparatus and method for synthesis of alane |
| US9285280B2 (en) | 2013-03-07 | 2016-03-15 | Joel S. Faden | Systems and methods of determining load temperatures |
| RU2730828C1 (ru) * | 2020-02-04 | 2020-08-26 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Объединенная Компания РУСАЛ Инженерно-технологический центр" | Способ управления технологическим процессом в алюминиевом электролизере |
| CN120010595B (zh) * | 2025-04-22 | 2025-06-10 | 鄂尔多斯市蒙泰铝业有限责任公司 | 一种电解铝硅合金过程的智能温控方法及系统 |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2307059A1 (fr) * | 1975-04-10 | 1976-11-05 | Norsk Hydro As | Procede de reglage du bilan energetique des cellules electrolytiques de preparation d'aluminium |
| SU1183565A1 (ru) * | 1983-05-30 | 1985-10-07 | Boris D Ovsyannikov | Способ регулирования режима работы алюминиевого электролизера |
| EP0195142A1 (fr) * | 1985-03-18 | 1986-09-24 | Alcan International Limited | Procédé pour réguler l'addition de AlF3 à l'électrolyte d'une cuve d'électrolyse pour la production d'aluminium |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3632488A (en) * | 1969-01-23 | 1972-01-04 | Reynolds Metals Co | Reduction cell control system |
| US4333803A (en) * | 1980-10-03 | 1982-06-08 | Aluminum Company Of America | Method and apparatus for controlling the heat balance in aluminum reduction cells |
-
1996
- 1996-09-25 FR FR9611962A patent/FR2753727B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-09-15 NZ NZ328743A patent/NZ328743A/xx unknown
- 1997-09-15 IN IN1691CA1997 patent/IN192036B/en unknown
- 1997-09-18 NO NO19974304A patent/NO317403B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-09-18 US US08/933,057 patent/US5882499A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-09-20 EG EG97097A patent/EG20880A/xx active
- 1997-09-22 CA CA002215186A patent/CA2215186C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-09-23 ZA ZA9708544A patent/ZA978544B/xx unknown
- 1997-09-24 ES ES97420174T patent/ES2146967T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-24 EP EP97420174A patent/EP0834601B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-24 BR BRPI9704860-7A patent/BR9704860B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-09-24 AU AU39200/97A patent/AU717983B2/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2307059A1 (fr) * | 1975-04-10 | 1976-11-05 | Norsk Hydro As | Procede de reglage du bilan energetique des cellules electrolytiques de preparation d'aluminium |
| SU1183565A1 (ru) * | 1983-05-30 | 1985-10-07 | Boris D Ovsyannikov | Способ регулирования режима работы алюминиевого электролизера |
| EP0195142A1 (fr) * | 1985-03-18 | 1986-09-24 | Alcan International Limited | Procédé pour réguler l'addition de AlF3 à l'électrolyte d'une cuve d'électrolyse pour la production d'aluminium |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 8617, Derwent World Patents Index; Class M28, AN 86-112158, XP002031928 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EG20880A (en) | 2000-05-31 |
| AU717983B2 (en) | 2000-04-06 |
| ES2146967T3 (es) | 2000-08-16 |
| CA2215186A1 (fr) | 1998-03-25 |
| FR2753727B1 (fr) | 1998-10-23 |
| NO317403B1 (no) | 2004-10-25 |
| FR2753727A1 (fr) | 1998-03-27 |
| BR9704860A (pt) | 1998-12-29 |
| US5882499A (en) | 1999-03-16 |
| NO974304L (no) | 1998-03-26 |
| BR9704860B1 (pt) | 2009-01-13 |
| EP0834601B1 (fr) | 2000-04-26 |
| NO974304D0 (no) | 1997-09-18 |
| NZ328743A (en) | 1999-01-28 |
| IN192036B (fr) | 2004-02-14 |
| AU3920097A (en) | 1998-04-02 |
| ZA978544B (en) | 1998-05-11 |
| CA2215186C (fr) | 2003-01-28 |
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