EP0846624A1 - Palette en plastique avec pieds élastiques - Google Patents

Palette en plastique avec pieds élastiques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0846624A1
EP0846624A1 EP97117120A EP97117120A EP0846624A1 EP 0846624 A1 EP0846624 A1 EP 0846624A1 EP 97117120 A EP97117120 A EP 97117120A EP 97117120 A EP97117120 A EP 97117120A EP 0846624 A1 EP0846624 A1 EP 0846624A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pallet
feet
foot
pallet according
segments
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97117120A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0846624B1 (fr
Inventor
Walter Götzfried
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0846624A1 publication Critical patent/EP0846624A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0846624B1 publication Critical patent/EP0846624B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D19/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D19/0004—Rigid pallets without side walls
    • B65D19/0006—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element
    • B65D19/0008—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming a continuous plane contact surface
    • B65D19/002—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming a continuous plane contact surface the base surface being made of more than one element
    • B65D19/0022—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming a continuous plane contact surface the base surface being made of more than one element forming a continuous plane contact surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D19/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D19/0004—Rigid pallets without side walls
    • B65D19/0006—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element
    • B65D19/0008—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming a continuous plane contact surface
    • B65D19/002—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming a continuous plane contact surface the base surface being made of more than one element
    • B65D19/0024—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming a continuous plane contact surface the base surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces
    • B65D19/0028—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming a continuous plane contact surface the base surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces and each contact surface having a discrete foot-like shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00009—Materials
    • B65D2519/00014—Materials for the load supporting surface
    • B65D2519/00034—Plastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00009—Materials
    • B65D2519/00049—Materials for the base surface
    • B65D2519/00069—Plastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00009—Materials
    • B65D2519/00049—Materials for the base surface
    • B65D2519/00079—Combination, e.g. different elements made of different materials, laminates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
    • B65D2519/00283—Overall construction of the load supporting surface
    • B65D2519/00288—Overall construction of the load supporting surface made of one piece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
    • B65D2519/00313—Overall construction of the base surface
    • B65D2519/00323—Overall construction of the base surface made of more than one piece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
    • B65D2519/00313—Overall construction of the base surface
    • B65D2519/00328—Overall construction of the base surface shape of the contact surface of the base
    • B65D2519/00338—Overall construction of the base surface shape of the contact surface of the base contact surface having a discrete foot-like shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00547—Connections
    • B65D2519/00552—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer
    • B65D2519/00557—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer without separate auxiliary elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00547—Connections
    • B65D2519/00552—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer
    • B65D2519/00557—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer without separate auxiliary elements
    • B65D2519/00562—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer without separate auxiliary elements chemical connection, e.g. glued, welded, sealed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00547—Connections
    • B65D2519/00552—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer
    • B65D2519/00557—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer without separate auxiliary elements
    • B65D2519/00567—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer without separate auxiliary elements mechanical connection, e.g. snap-fitted

Definitions

  • Pallets for the transport and storage of goods are known. Such pallets are traditionally made of wood and in newer ones Time also made of plastic as well as wood using other Materials, namely steel and plastic for individuals Pallet parts, manufactured.
  • the pallets exist regardless of the material used from a pallet plate to hold the goods or the Loading, and pallet feet arranged thereon, which the Pallet plate at a distance from the floor (or another Floor space). This one created by the pallet feet There is a clearance between the pallet plate and the floor in so far as undesirable as a relatively large one Overall height of the pallets results in what happens when transporting empty pallets is a hindrance, but is necessary to move the pallets Purposes of transportation with forklift vehicles or pallet trucks to be able to drive under the lifting fork. The pallet feet are consequently also with the release of corresponding lateral Gaps arranged to go under the pallet with to enable a lifting fork.
  • pallet damage often occurs because accidentally when maneuvering forklift trucks and pallet trucks the feet of standing pallets arranged at the edge of the pallet be rammed. This can happen if the fork is retracted inaccurately pass under a pallet, but also comes frequently when maneuvering pallet trucks or forklift vehicles into the Alleys of pallet stores in front, especially when the pallet truck or the forklift vehicle transports a loaded pallet and the operator or driver do the above Ends of the lifting fork can not see because the view through it the loaded pallet is locked.
  • Such ramming very often leads to considerable damage, especially if a loaded pallet is rammed under the Weight of your load firmly and immovably on the floor sits.
  • the ramming vehicle especially if it is with itself loaded pallet has a significant impact Mass moment of inertia, so that such ramming impacts of considerable Stunts are accompanied even if the driving speed of the ramming truck or forklift truck extremely is low.
  • the rammed feet often break standing pallets (with wooden pallets) or are smashed (with plastic pallets) or otherwise through Bending, crushing, etc. (for wooden pallets with plastic or Metal bracket feet) significantly damaged.
  • the invention is therefore based on the problem Damage to plastic pallets from rammed Remedy pallet feet and the failure rate of pallets by ramming the pallet feet considerably.
  • the solution according to the invention comprises two basic measures.
  • the first measure is a fundamental redesign the arrangement of the pallet feet. While conventional Plastic pallets along the pallet feet the pallet circumference are arranged, the invention proposes the arrangement of at least one pallet foot in the middle the range, which is also particularly large in order to to support a large part of the load weight on the floor. The pallet feet remaining on the pallet circumference are, if necessary reduced and reduced in number.
  • the second measure is that the remaining on the pallet circumference reduced pallet feet elastic will.
  • Such elastic outer pallet feet also interchangeable, e.g. attachable to a plastic pallet can be arranged so that in the now much less likely case of serious damage with a handle can be replaced without an expensive repair to make necessary.
  • skids according to the invention train, as is the case with conventional wooden pallets is. Skid training is useful and sometimes necessary to put the pallets on conveyor belts or conveyors to be able to transport where only relative small pallet feet cause interference or difficulties could.
  • the range of the invention through two opposite elastic pallet feet a runner joined together with both ends is attached to the two elastic pallet feet. At the Occurrence of a ram against one or the other elastic The entire foot can then be walked through Skid and the two associated elastic feet formed Compound move elastically deflecting. This has also the advantage that the rammed foot not only through its own elasticity but also with the help the opposite, connected to it by the skid Foot is elastically cushioned.
  • the skid can between two on opposite sides of the pallet arranged elastic feet is attached, in addition supported on a rigid central pallet foot which they guided displaceable by a certain distance is, for example in a guide groove, or via an in the rigid foot-guided guide piece, which also counteracts the skids Pulling away from the rigid foot secures.
  • the elastic pallet feet offer yet another Advantage. Because of the construction according to the invention they are not only flexible, but also show still have a certain elasticity. If improper Driving under the pallet with a pallet truck Skids through and then lifting the pallet base lifting fork and skids are spread apart, occurs first only an elastic deformation that when the handling error is noticed in time, no damage to the Unlike conventional pallets, pallet leaves which then generally have irreparable damage.
  • Fig. 1 shows a plastic pallet 1 according to the invention in schematic top view.
  • the plastic pallet 1 shown in Fig. 1 has the Usual rectangular shape and consists of a plate body (Pallet plate) 11 and arranged thereon, the pallet plate supporting feet.
  • each smaller elastic pallet feet arranged along the Long edge of pallet a relatively large extension have, but only have a relatively small thickness.
  • the pallet shown in Fig. 1 is a Euro pallet.
  • the same construction principle can also apply to half pallets or quarter pallets with a correspondingly reduced number of pallet feet Find application.
  • connection of the foot 4, namely the core 43 with the Pallet plate 11 through the in a deep plate opening 11a protruding core pin 43a can also be designed that the repair of a damaged foot by inserting it a new foot with the core pin 43a in the Opening 11a of the pallet plate 11 can take place. It is possible to replace the replaced foot by gluing the pin 43a in the opening 11a or by interlocking interlocking Profiling, for example by a barb-like Tooth profile in the opening 11a, firmly and permanently fix.
  • Fig. 5 shows in cross section another embodiment of the Construction of the foot 4 from segments 41, 42, the segments each have a hinge pin-like extension 41a, 42a, the in a cylindrical segment-shaped pan-like recess 41b of the segment above, leaving one Gap 41c engages, the gap and the vertical Space between the adjacent segments in each case filled by a layer 44 made of flexible plastic is.
  • the foot consists of flexurally elastic and thus joint-like connected Segments and is flexible in its construction to ramming to be able to withstand.
  • Fig. 6 shows an embodiment of an elastic pallet foot 4 from a plurality of strings lined up along the height of the foot rigid segments 41, 42 and a connecting these Core 43 made of relatively flexible plastic Similar to Fig. 4 (although of course for the construction of the elastic foot also the embodiment of FIG. 5 or any other embodiment according to the invention Construction principle can be chosen.
  • This elastic foot according to Fig. 6, however, has an uppermost segment 44, which is transverse to Foot-level plug pin is formed and for this preferably as a plastic body designed tube is trained.
  • This plug segment 44 is in one corresponding recess in the edge area of the pallet plate 11 inserted and locked there, which only is indicated, for example, by a detent 45 behind an edge 12 of an opening on the underside of the pallet plate 11 takes hold. Should the elastic foot be in use however, the catch can become damaged and unusable by pressing in the latch 45, if necessary with the help one tool, loosened and the pallet foot simple be replaced.
  • FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of a pallet according to the invention with marginal elastic pallet feet 4, whereby 2 opposite elastic pallet feet 4 each a runner 5 are interconnected.
  • Pallets with runners are necessary or useful in any case where pallets in the course of their handling regularly on conveyor belts or Transport lanes are carried where simple pallet feet not guarantee sufficient circulation or somehow snagging, jamming or otherwise giving rise to faults could.
  • the runner 5 is at both ends elastic pallet feet 4 attached. Become one of the elastic Rammed pallet feet 4 in use, this foot can deflect nonetheless elastically, the runner 5 itself moves and the other foot 4 attached to it as well deflects elastically.
  • the runner 5 can, at least with larger pallets, also one running in the middle of the pallet plate 11 rigid pallet foot run and attached to it slidably be.
  • An embodiment for such an attachment a runner 5 on a rigid pallet foot 2 is shown in Fig. 8 shown.
  • the runner 5 has a cranked central area 51, and this runs through a guide groove of the appropriate depth rigid pallet base 2. Screws 6 with large heads 61 penetrate a longitudinal slot in the central region with a shaft 62 51 of the skids and are in the rigid pallet base 2 screwed in. The skid is therefore on the rigid pallet foot 2 held, can not be bent away from it, but is free within a certain distance relative to the rigid pallet foot 2 can be moved lengthways.
  • By appropriate dimensioning of the guide slot in the rigid pallet base if the depth of which is slightly greater than the height of the runner 5, is the pallet load over the rigid foot 2 directly on the Supported floor or the base without the middle area the skid is loaded by the rigid foot 2.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pallets (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)
EP97117120A 1996-12-03 1997-10-02 Palette en plastique avec pieds élastiques Expired - Lifetime EP0846624B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19650025 1996-12-03
DE19650025A DE19650025A1 (de) 1996-12-03 1996-12-03 Kunststoffpalette mit elastischen Füßen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0846624A1 true EP0846624A1 (fr) 1998-06-10
EP0846624B1 EP0846624B1 (fr) 1999-12-01

Family

ID=7813450

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97117120A Expired - Lifetime EP0846624B1 (fr) 1996-12-03 1997-10-02 Palette en plastique avec pieds élastiques

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0846624B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE187139T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19650025A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2229243A1 (de) * 1972-05-26 1973-12-06 Ockhardt Kuno Palette zum transport von stueckguetern
DE9310010U1 (de) * 1993-07-06 1993-08-26 Indupal, Kunststoff- und Display-Paletten GmbH, 50259 Pulheim Warenträger-System
DE29620943U1 (de) * 1996-12-03 1997-02-13 Götzfried, Walter, 86695 Nordendorf Kunststoffpalette mit elastischen Füßen

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1986475U (de) * 1968-03-13 1968-05-30 Craemer Press & Stanzwerk Flachpalette aus kunststoff.
DE6903472U (de) * 1969-01-29 1969-05-14 Schaefer Gmbh Fritz Lastpalette aus kunststoff
DE7509699U (de) * 1975-03-26 1975-11-13 Werz Furnier Sperrholz Palettenfuss
DE2731131C2 (de) * 1977-07-09 1986-01-09 Werzalit-Werke J.F. Werz KG, 7141 Oberstenfeld Flachpalette
DE8113916U1 (de) * 1981-05-12 1981-08-06 Franz Delbrouck Gmbh, 5750 Menden Palette
CH673992A5 (fr) * 1987-02-26 1990-04-30 Schoeller & Co Ag A

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2229243A1 (de) * 1972-05-26 1973-12-06 Ockhardt Kuno Palette zum transport von stueckguetern
DE9310010U1 (de) * 1993-07-06 1993-08-26 Indupal, Kunststoff- und Display-Paletten GmbH, 50259 Pulheim Warenträger-System
DE29620943U1 (de) * 1996-12-03 1997-02-13 Götzfried, Walter, 86695 Nordendorf Kunststoffpalette mit elastischen Füßen
DE29710160U1 (de) * 1996-12-03 1997-09-11 Götzfried, Walter, 86695 Nordendorf Kunststoffpalette mit elastischen Füßen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59700793D1 (de) 2000-01-05
EP0846624B1 (fr) 1999-12-01
ATE187139T1 (de) 1999-12-15
DE19650025A1 (de) 1998-06-04

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