EP0880118B1 - Détecteur optique de fumée - Google Patents

Détecteur optique de fumée Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0880118B1
EP0880118B1 EP98108717A EP98108717A EP0880118B1 EP 0880118 B1 EP0880118 B1 EP 0880118B1 EP 98108717 A EP98108717 A EP 98108717A EP 98108717 A EP98108717 A EP 98108717A EP 0880118 B1 EP0880118 B1 EP 0880118B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
beam path
smoke detector
light
receiver
optical smoke
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98108717A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0880118A2 (fr
EP0880118A3 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Hochhauser
Stefan Günther
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0880118A2 publication Critical patent/EP0880118A2/fr
Publication of EP0880118A3 publication Critical patent/EP0880118A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0880118B1 publication Critical patent/EP0880118B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an optical smoke detector according to the backscatter principle according to the preamble of the claim 1.
  • Optical smoke detectors are preferably considered automatic Fire detectors used for the early detection of fires. by virtue of Their early warning features are among the many common types of automatic fire detectors are outstanding Meaning since they are best able to fire in to recognize their development phase. This can help fire fighting measures initiated early and effectively become.
  • optical smoke detectors With optical smoke detectors, the optical properties of particles and aerosols to identify the fire parameter Smoke used.
  • Smoke detectors the principle of Scattering of light from the particles in a measuring chamber and take advantage of aerosols are used as scattered light smoke detectors designated.
  • the angle is used for scattered-light smoke detectors between the direction of propagation of a light transmitter and the optical axis of a light receiver to differentiate between types. If the angle is less than 90 °, it is a forward-scattering optical smoke detector. At a An angle that is greater than 90 ° is one backward scattering optical smoke detector.
  • the principle of Backward scattering results compared to the principle of forward scattering a smaller one, but in terms of the type and size of the Smoke particles more evenly scattered light. This attribute makes the backward scattering optical smoke detector more practical.
  • Condensation in the measuring chamber of the optical smoke detector triggers on both a forward scattering and one backward scattering optical smoke detector due to an increase in stray light a false alarm.
  • An optical smoke detector is known from DE 43 07 585, at with the help of an optical measuring method the surface of the Optics of the smoke detector for condensation and contamination is examined. Compensate the measurement values obtained the scattered light measured value so that with condensation and / or contamination the optical smoke detector does not trigger a false alarm.
  • a disadvantage of all three known methods and devices is that on the one hand an additional expenditure on equipment by installing a second light source or one additional moisture sensor is necessary, and on the other hand elaborate compensation procedure after the measurement to determine the parameters must be carried out.
  • EP-A2-0213878 is also a radiation smoke detector known, in whose measuring room a labyrinth with specially designed Shielding elements is arranged. In the transmitter beam path there is an aperture, also has the receiver has a lens with an upstream Cover. The problem of changing the scattered radiation by edges in the measuring room and by precipitation of moisture or dirt on surfaces in the transmitter or receiver is not addressed there.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an optical smoke detector the good responsiveness of a backscatter principle working smoke detector to develop, if possible small design an improved interference immunity of the optics, especially against pollution and condensation, without to use a compensation method.
  • the object is achieved by an optical smoke detector with the characterizing features of the claim 1 solved.
  • those belonging to the light transmitter and the light receiver become Beam paths through in front of the light transmitter and the light receiver arranged panels so restricted that the Only intersect beam paths in one area of the measuring chamber, in which there are no edges or surfaces on which condensation or dirt build up can.
  • This condition also occurs when the lenses are dirty maintained. This ensures that in the Measuring chamber, for example, moisture drops deposited on the edge or dirt scattered light at least another reflection on an additional surface of the measuring chamber must experience to get into the light receiver. This additional reflection turns the resulting Interference signal weakened so that in the evaluation of Useful signal by scattering on one in the overlap area of the smoke particles that stop the beam paths can be and so no alarm is triggered.
  • the optical Measuring chamber surrounded by a labyrinth made up of scattering bodies with an L-shaped cross section is arranged so that on rays of light hitting the maze are reflected in this maze and reflected back only weakly into the measuring chamber become.
  • the figure shows a schematic cross section of the optical Smoke detector in top view.
  • a light transmitter 2 for example an infrared emitting diode
  • a light receiver 3 for example an infrared-sensitive photo detector, so attached to the edge of the measuring chamber 1 that their optical Cut axes at a backscatter angle 4 that is greater than Is 90 °.
  • Apertures 5 are arranged around an assigned to the light receiver 3 Restrict the receiver beam path 6.
  • the light transmitter 2 screens 7 arranged around a the light transmitter Restrict 2 assigned transmitter beam path 8.
  • the receiver beam path 6 is also a converging lens 9 mounted in a bracket 10, the bracket 10 together with the panels 5 of the light receiver 3 from one Piece, for example made of plastic.
  • the transmitter beam path 8 and the receiver beam path 6 overlap both in the unpolluted as well as in the dirty case only in an overlap area 11 inside the measuring chamber 1, in which none additional edges and surfaces can be found on which dirt or moisture can precipitate.
  • a smoke particle 12 is generated in this overlap area 11 through the backscattered on it and in the light receiver 3 detected light a useful signal. Dirt or moisture can only be reflected in the measuring chamber 1 that light backscattered thereon at least one further reflection must experience on a surface of the measuring chamber 1 in which this light is weakened to be detected in the light receiver 3 to become.
  • the interference signal generated by this is opposite the useful signal weakened due to the additional reflection, so that through the arrangement according to the invention already a large useful / interference signal distance is ensured.
  • the light transmitter 2 and the light receiver 3 are connected to a control unit 15 connected, which controls both the light transmitter 2 reads the data from the light receiver 3, evaluates and possibly an alarm message to a not represented center transmitted.
  • the measuring chamber 1 is in the form of an opening to the outside known smoke guide star 16 equipped for this ensure that the optical smoke detector for smoke from everyone Directions is equally sensitive.
  • This design makes an optical smoke detector with good Response behavior based on the backscatter principle been made insensitive to precipitation from pollution or moisture is designed.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Détecteur optique de fumée fonctionnant sur le principe de la rétrodiffusion, comprenant une chambre de mesure (1), un émetteur de lumière (2) avec une trajectoire de rayons de l'émetteur (8) associée et un récepteur de lumière (3) avec une trajectoire de rayons du récepteur (6) associée, l'émetteur de lumière (2) et le récepteur de lumière (3) étant placés de manière à ce que les axes optiques de la trajectoire de rayons de l'émetteur (8) et de la trajectoire de rayons du récepteur (6) se coupent dans la chambre de mesure (1) en un angle de rétrodiffusion (4) supérieur à 90°,
    au moins un obturateur (7) étant placé dans la trajectoire de rayons de l'émetteur (8) et au moins un autre obturateur (5) étant placé dans la trajectoire de rayons du récepteur (6),
    caractérisé en ce que
    la trajectoire de rayons de l'émetteur (8) et la trajectoire de rayons du récepteur (6) y compris leurs plages de lumière diffuse dues à la précipitation de particules de crasse ou à la condensation d'humidité sont limitées par les obturateurs (7, 5) de manière que, dans la plage de recouvrement (11) formée dans la chambre de mesure (1) par le recoupement des trajectoires de rayons (8, 6), ne se trouve aucune arête ni surface sur lesquelles l'humidité pourrait se condenser ou les particules de crasse pourraient être précipitées.
  2. Détecteur optique de fumée selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'une lentille collectrice (9) est placée dans la trajectoire de rayons du récepteur (6) entre le récepteur de lumière (3) et ledit au moins un obturateur (5), associé à ladite trajectoire de rayons du récepteur (6).
  3. Détecteur optique de fumée selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'un dispositif de retenue (10) de la lentille collectrice (9) est réalisé d'une seule pièce avec ledit au moins un obturateur (5), associé à la trajectoire de rayons du récepteur (6).
  4. Détecteur optique de fumée selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que des corps diffuseurs (13) de section transversale en forme de L sont disposés en forme de labyrinthe (14) en cercle autour de la chambre de mesure (1) de manière à ce que la lumière tombant sur lesdits corps diffuseurs (13) se trouve ainsi diffusée dans le labyrinthe (14), que seule une faible fraction est rétrodiffusée dans la chambre de mesure (1).
  5. Détecteur optique de fumée selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la source de lumière (2) est une diode lumineuse infrarouge et le récepteur de lumière (3) est une photodiode sensible aux infrarouges.
  6. Détecteur optique de fumée selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que ledit au moins un obturateur (7), associé à la trajectoire de rayons de l'émetteur (8), ledit au moins un autre obturateur (5), associé à la trajectoire de rayons du récepteur (6) ainsi que les corps diffuseurs (13) du labyrinthe (14) sont réalisés en matière plastique.
EP98108717A 1997-05-20 1998-05-13 Détecteur optique de fumée Expired - Lifetime EP0880118B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19721065 1997-05-20
DE19721065 1997-05-20

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0880118A2 EP0880118A2 (fr) 1998-11-25
EP0880118A3 EP0880118A3 (fr) 2000-01-05
EP0880118B1 true EP0880118B1 (fr) 2003-08-13

Family

ID=7829979

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98108717A Expired - Lifetime EP0880118B1 (fr) 1997-05-20 1998-05-13 Détecteur optique de fumée

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0880118B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE247316T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59809254D1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2003233744B2 (en) * 2002-06-20 2006-11-02 Siemens Schweiz Ag Scattered-light smoke detector

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE60108413T2 (de) * 2000-11-10 2005-06-02 Unitive Electronics, Inc. Verfahren zum positionieren von komponenten mit hilfe flüssiger antriebsmittel und strukturen hierfür
ATE524724T1 (de) * 2006-07-20 2011-09-15 Sick Engineering Gmbh Vorrichtung und verfahren zur messung der lichtstreuung
CN111540158B (zh) * 2020-05-27 2023-08-15 深圳市高新投三江电子股份有限公司 一种带有凝露识别功能的烟感报警器及使用方法
CN111564019B (zh) * 2020-05-27 2023-09-12 深圳市高新投三江电子股份有限公司 一种抗凝露干扰的感烟火灾探测器及使用方法
CN111540159B (zh) * 2020-05-27 2023-07-25 深圳市高新投三江电子股份有限公司 一种可定向排除凝露干扰的烟雾报警器及使用方法
CN117054304B (zh) * 2023-08-28 2024-05-24 浙江天赛计量检测股份有限公司 一种烟尘采样器的检测设备

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3233368A1 (de) * 1982-09-08 1984-03-08 Heimann Gmbh, 6200 Wiesbaden Strahlungsrauchmelder
JPH0629727Y2 (ja) * 1985-08-24 1994-08-10 能美防災株式会社 散乱光式煙感知器の光学部
GB9417484D0 (en) * 1993-09-07 1994-10-19 Hochiki Co Light scattering type smoke sensor
JP3251407B2 (ja) * 1993-12-22 2002-01-28 能美防災株式会社 光電式火災感知器および調整装置

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2003233744B2 (en) * 2002-06-20 2006-11-02 Siemens Schweiz Ag Scattered-light smoke detector

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59809254D1 (de) 2003-09-18
ATE247316T1 (de) 2003-08-15
EP0880118A2 (fr) 1998-11-25
EP0880118A3 (fr) 2000-01-05

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