EP0882282B1 - Timbre detachable et enveloppe - Google Patents
Timbre detachable et enveloppe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0882282B1 EP0882282B1 EP97906235A EP97906235A EP0882282B1 EP 0882282 B1 EP0882282 B1 EP 0882282B1 EP 97906235 A EP97906235 A EP 97906235A EP 97906235 A EP97906235 A EP 97906235A EP 0882282 B1 EP0882282 B1 EP 0882282B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- stamp
- envelope
- wall
- zone
- marked
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009459 flexible packaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F23/00—Advertising on or in specific articles, e.g. ashtrays, letter-boxes
- G09F23/10—Advertising on or in specific articles, e.g. ashtrays, letter-boxes on paper articles, e.g. booklets, newspapers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F3/00—Labels, tag tickets, or similar identification or indication means; Seals; Postage or like stamps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S283/00—Printed matter
- Y10S283/901—Concealed data
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a stamp (in particular a detachable advertising stamp) and to an envelope containing such stamped.
- the technical sector of the invention is that of the manufacture of postage stamps and envelopes.
- Patent application FR 94 06 356 (MEERSSEMAN Jacques) describes a correspondence advertising envelope, the front side of which includes an area dedicated to addressing, an area dedicated to postage and an area dedicated to advertising marking, which is arranged to the left of the front panel relative to the addressing area, or well under the address area and which is possibly supplemented by a advertising marking on the back of the envelope which can be enlarged one or two surfaces equivalent to the rear surface of the envelope, and which is (are) detachable (s) from the envelope.
- the object of the present invention is to provide envelopes improved incorporating one or more stamps.
- the invention consists in proposing an envelope (that is to say a flexible packaging) for correspondence (i.e. routing postal) in paper or cardboard (or equivalent material) for shipments by postal folds of thin objects such as cards or letters, which is preferably rectangular in shape, including a so-called front wall has an address writing area and an area on its outside stamping for franking, which wall (front) has a stamp (or sticker) integrated into said wall, which wall includes an area (or part) of low resistance (i.e. resistance mechanical strength below the average mechanical strength of the wall) which surrounds (or belt) said stamp.
- an envelope that is to say a flexible packaging
- correspondence i.e. routing postal
- paper or cardboard or equivalent material
- the solution to the problem posed consists in get an envelope with a stamp (or sticker, or label), which stamp is preferably rectangular, one side of which contains one or more graphic signs (for advertising purposes and / or postal), which preferably has a border (or selvedge) serrated (with regularly arranged teeth), which is integrated into a wall of the envelope and which comprises means for allowing and facilitate its separation (for example by the presence of lines of low resistance) of the envelope, and therefore facilitate its conservation and storage by a stamp collector.
- a stamp or sticker, or label
- stamp is preferably rectangular, one side of which contains one or more graphic signs (for advertising purposes and / or postal), which preferably has a border (or selvedge) serrated (with regularly arranged teeth), which is integrated into a wall of the envelope and which comprises means for allowing and facilitate its separation (for example by the presence of lines of low resistance) of the envelope, and therefore facilitate its conservation and storage by a stamp collector.
- said zone (or line) of low resistance extends continuously around the gong, and is preferably made up of part of the wall of the envelope, the thickness is less than the average thickness of the wall, which thin part constitutes a groove (hollow) extending in continuous around the stamp, which groove is preferably obtained by using a punch or knife forming a pre-cut around the stamp.
- said zone (or line) of low resistance extends discontinuously around the stamp, and is preferably made up by a part of the wall of the envelope which is provided with a plurality perforations in the wall, which perforations are small diameter (of the order of 1 millimeter or less than 1 millimeter) and are evenly spaced along a contour (or line) closed surrounding the stamp, which perforations are obtained by the action of one or more needles; said stamp may include parts in relief.
- the envelope may include a postage stamp integrated franking postage, as well as an advertising stamp integrated in relief.
- the envelope comprises a detachable advertising stamp, said stamp being capable of being fixed or adhere, for example to be glued to a support; which stamp has a structure constituted by a thin sheet in paper with two sides, a first internal side of which is adhesive and of which a second external face is marked with one or more signs graphics, which second side of the stamp may have parts prominent or in relief; according to a preferred embodiment, said protruding parts are obtained by deformation of the stamp structure; said first face has concave parts or recessed arranged in correspondence with the raised parts; the stamp and the envelope are preferably rectangular in shape; the envelope has lines or areas or contours of less resistance making it easier to cut or separate the stamp from the envelope; said stamp is provided with teeth or serrations.
- the first internal face comprises graphic signs which are hidden by a coating likely to disappear under the effect of the friction of a scraper object.
- the invention also provides a pre-stamped envelope (or flexible packaging in paper or cardboard preferably in shape rectangular), for mailing thin items such as cards or letters, which includes at least one integrated stamp easily detachable.
- the invention also provides a correspondence envelope. made of paper, which has a detachable advertising marking area, which includes at least one removable stamp (reduced in size by relative to the dimensions of the envelope) which constitutes a part of the less than said detachable advertising marking area, and which has a serrated edge and one side of which is marked with signs graphics.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a simplified schematic perspective view, a stamped envelope according to the invention.
- Figure 2 is a view of the front or front wall of a second embodiment of a stamped envelope, according to the invention.
- Figure 3 is a sectional view through a transverse plane of the envelope of Figure 1 and is a view along III-III of this figure.
- the envelope 1 is essentially constituted by two walls 2 and 3, namely a front wall 2 or wall front and a rear wall 3, and a flap 4 for closing a opening allowing the introduction of object (s) into the envelope.
- the front wall 2 has an address area 6 and an area 5 stamped print for postage.
- the envelope also includes a first advertising stamp 7 marked with at least a first sign 8 (for example, the letter "A" illustrated in figure 1).
- the first stamp 7 is integrated into the front face of the front wall 2 of the envelope.
- the envelope illustrated in Figures 1 and 3 further comprises, in a left and bottom lateral zone, a window 9, that is to say a zone of the front wall 2 which is made of a translucent material or transparent, allowing to see a second advertising stamp 10 incorporated or glued to the internal wall 13 of the face or rear wall 3 of envelope 1.
- the second stamp 10 has a second sign 11 (as example, the letter "B", as illustrated in Figure 1), and may include an outer layer capable of being scraped off and on which is marked said second sign, to constitute a mask obscuring a third sign 12 (for example, the number "1" in the case of figure 1).
- a second sign 11 as example, the letter "B", as illustrated in Figure 1
- the first stamp 7 and / or the second stamp 10 comprises parts 21 in relief and hollow parts 24 arranged in correspondence of the parts 21 in relief, which parts in hollow and in relief are obtained by deformation of the stamp and / or part of the corresponding wall of the envelope, when the stamp is integrated into this one.
- stamp 7 with a sign 8 complex graphic constituting a logo or advertising design is rectangular shape, located in the upper left part of the front wall 2 of the envelope, and comprises, on the one hand parts in relief 21, on the other share a serration 22 extending along a closed rectangular contour and also has a weakened line or outline 23, facilitating the cutting or separating the stamp 7 from the wall 2 of the envelope 1.
- the relief of the stamp and / or of the part of the wall of the envelope constituting the stamp can be obtained by deformation using a set of male and female dies which may be provided with means (such as punches and / or blades and / or needles) allowing simultaneously obtain the cutting of the stamp's serrations and / or perforations facilitating its precut; alternatively, the parties in relief can be obtained by screen printing.
- stamps including the length of each side does not exceed a few centimeters fitted to the envelopes according to the invention and their detachable nature, these stamps can be easily detached and collected.
- the envelope in the case where the envelope is provided with a stamp obscured by a coating likely to be destroyed by scraping using of a household object possibly, the envelope can be used to support games of chance.
Landscapes
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Bag Frames (AREA)
- Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
- Making Paper Articles (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
- Mechanical Pencils And Projecting And Retracting Systems Therefor, And Multi-System Writing Instruments (AREA)
- Supplying Of Containers To The Packaging Station (AREA)
- Details Of Rigid Or Semi-Rigid Containers (AREA)
- Cartons (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
Description
- ledit timbre comporte des parties proéminentes (en relief) ;
- l'enveloppe et/ou ledit timbre comporte au moins une zone marquée d'un ou plusieurs signes graphiques qui est revêtue ou occultée par un masque (amovible) accessible uniquement par l'intérieur de l'enveloppe ;
- le masque comporte une pellicule de matière adhérant à la zone marquée, laquelle pellicule est susceptible d'être désolidarisée par grattage pour dévoiler les signes graphiques de la zone marquée occultée;
- ledit masque est lui-même marqué d'un ou plusieurs signes graphiques et est de préférence disposé en regard d'une fenêtre prévue dans une paroi de préférence frontale de l'enveloppe ;
- la zone marquée occultée, est située sur la face interne de la paroi avant ou frontale ou bien de la paroi arrière de l'enveloppe, ou bien est située au dos d'un timbre ;
- ledit timbre est disposé en partie supérieure gauche de la paroi frontale de l'enveloppe et est intégré à celle-ci (les signes étant imprimés sur cette paroi).
- on découpe l'ébauche de l'enveloppe (développée et/ou à plat),
- on imprime, dans une partie de l'ébauche destinée à constituer une paroi frontale de l'enveloppe, un ou plusieurs motifs ou signes graphiques constituant un ou plusieurs timbre(s) intégré(s) d'affranchissement et/ou publicitaire(s),
- on déforme ladite partie de l'ébauche, de préférence par poinçonnage ou coupe partielle de la paroi, autour de ladite ou desdites zone(s) contenant les motifs imprimé(s),
- le cas échéant on déforme ladite ou lesdites zone(s) de timbrage contenant lesdits motifs imprimés pour former des parties proéminentes et des parties concaves, par gauffrage ou gravure par exemple,
- on revêt une partie des bords libres de l'ébauche de moyens adhésifs (colle ou gomme),
- on plie l'ébauche pour former l'enveloppe.
Claims (10)
- Enveloppe (1) de correspondance en papier ou carton, dont une paroi comporte un timbre (5, 7, 10) intégré à ladite paroi caractérisée en ce que ladite paroi comporte une zone (23) de faible résistance qui entoure ledit timbre.
- Enveloppe selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle ladite zone (ou ligne) de faible résistance s'étend de façon continue autour du timbre, et est de préférence constituée par une partie de la paroi de l'enveloppe dont l'épaisseur est inférieure à l'épaisseur moyenne de la paroi, laquelle partie de faible épaisseur constitue une rainure (en creux) s'étendant en continu autour du timbre, laquelle rainure est de préférence obtenue par utilisation d'un poinçon ou couteau formant une pré-découpe autour du timbre.
- Enveloppe selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle ladite zone (ou ligne) de faible résistance s'étend de façon discontinue autour du timbre, et est de préférence constituée par une partie de la paroi de l'enveloppe qui est munie d'une pluralité de perforations ménagées dans la paroi, lesquelles perforations sont de faible diamètre (de l'ordre de 1 millimètre ou bien inférieur à 1 millimètre) et sont régulièrement espacées le long d'un contour (ou ligne) fermé entourant le timbre, lesquelles perforations sont obtenues par l'action d'une ou plusieurs aiguilles.
- Enveloppe selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans laquelle ledit timbre (7, 10) comporte des parties (21) en relief.
- Enveloppe selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, qui comporte un timbre (5) postal d'affranchissement intégré et sans relief, ainsi qu'un timbre (7, 10) publicitaire intégré en relief.
- Enveloppe selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans laquelle ledit timbre comporte une structure constituée par un feuillet mince en papier muni de deux faces, dont une première face interne est adhésive et dont une deuxième face externe est marquée d'un ou plusieurs signes (8) graphiques, laquelle deuxième face du timbre comporte des parties (21) proéminentes obtenues par déformation de la structure du timbre, et dans lequel ladite première face comporte des parties concaves (24) en creux disposées en correspondance des parties (21) en relief, lequel timbre est muni desdits contours (23) de moindre résistance facilitant la séparation du timbre par rapport à l'enveloppe, et est muni de dents (22).
- Enveloppe selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel ladite face interne dudit timbre comporte des signes graphiques qui sont cachés par un revêtement susceptible de disparaítre sous l'effet du frottement d'un objet racleur.
- Enveloppe selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, qui comporte une zone marquée d'un ou plusieurs signes graphiques, qui est revêtue ou occultée par un masque accessible uniquement par l'intérieur de l'enveloppe, laquelle zone marquée occultée est située sur la face interne (13) de la paroi avant ou frontale (2) ou bien de la paroi arrière (3) de l'enveloppe.
- Enveloppe selon la revendication 8, dans laquelle le masque comporte une pellicule de matière adhérant à la zone marquée qui est susceptible d'être désolidarisée par grattage pour dévoiler les signes graphiques de la zone marquée ainsi occultée, et dans laquelle ledit masque est lui-même marqué d'un ou plusieurs signes graphiques et est de préférence disposé en regard d'une fenêtre (9) prévue dans une paroi de préférence frontale (2) de l'enveloppe.
- Procédé de fabrication d'une enveloppe selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, dans lequel :on découpe l'ébauche de l'enveloppe,on imprime, dans une partie de l'ébauche destinée à constituer une paroi frontale de l'enveloppe, un ou plusieurs motifs ou signes graphiques constituant un ou plusieurs timbre(s) intégré(s) d'affranchissement et/ou publicitaire(s),on déforme ladite partie de l'ébauche, de préférence par poinçonnage ou coupe partielle de la paroi, autour de ladite ou desdites zone(s) contenant les motifs imprimé(s),le cas échéant on déforme ladite ou lesdites zone(s) de timbrage contenant lesdits motifs imprimés pour former des parties (21) proéminentes et des parties (24) concaves, par gauffrage ou gravure par exemple,on revêt une partie des bords libres de l'ébauche de moyens adhésifs,on plie l'ébauche pour former l'enveloppe.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9602516 | 1996-02-23 | ||
| FR9602516A FR2745407B1 (fr) | 1996-02-23 | 1996-02-23 | Timbre publicitaire detachable et enveloppe |
| PCT/FR1997/000318 WO1997031355A1 (fr) | 1996-02-23 | 1997-02-20 | Timbre detachable et enveloppe |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0882282A1 EP0882282A1 (fr) | 1998-12-09 |
| EP0882282B1 true EP0882282B1 (fr) | 1999-10-27 |
Family
ID=9489691
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97906235A Expired - Lifetime EP0882282B1 (fr) | 1996-02-23 | 1997-02-20 | Timbre detachable et enveloppe |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6139067A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0882282B1 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE186144T1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2099197A (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE69700700T2 (fr) |
| DK (1) | DK0882282T3 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2139442T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2745407B1 (fr) |
| GR (1) | GR3032371T3 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1997031355A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7043053B1 (en) * | 2000-08-17 | 2006-05-09 | Eastman Kodak Company | Matching image characteristics of stamps and personal images to aesthetically fit into a personal postal product |
| FR2845030B1 (fr) * | 2002-09-30 | 2004-11-19 | Jean Yves Jeannelle | Pli lettre manuel |
| USD518099S1 (en) * | 2004-05-17 | 2006-03-28 | Michael Agulnick | Scannable postal article |
| US20100314276A1 (en) * | 2008-05-12 | 2010-12-16 | Richard Wilen | Multi-Purpose Forms |
| US10640683B2 (en) * | 2014-02-06 | 2020-05-05 | Kamz Technologies Company LLC | Postal sealing systems and methods |
Family Cites Families (26)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US70147A (en) * | 1867-10-22 | Charles f | ||
| US192893A (en) * | 1877-07-10 | Improvement in postage or revenue stamps | ||
| US194212A (en) * | 1877-08-14 | Improvement in postage or revenue stamps | ||
| US101604A (en) * | 1870-04-05 | Improvement in adhesive postal and revenue stamps | ||
| US2153504A (en) * | 1935-10-14 | 1939-04-04 | William A Didier | Postal envelope |
| US2709001A (en) * | 1952-10-10 | 1955-05-24 | Walter A Stahl | Sorting stamp |
| US3148820A (en) * | 1962-06-07 | 1964-09-15 | Young & Rubicam Inc | Merchandise package |
| US3368741A (en) * | 1966-06-24 | 1968-02-13 | Mercur Dave | Envelope with removable pressure adhesive identification label |
| US3545669A (en) * | 1968-08-30 | 1970-12-08 | Louis G Kinkade | Envelope construction |
| US3822901A (en) * | 1972-11-13 | 1974-07-09 | Spot O Gold Corp | Hidden message apparatus |
| US4033611A (en) * | 1974-01-15 | 1977-07-05 | Johnsen Edward L | Multi-ply lottery tickets or like articles, continuous business form and method for producing same |
| DE2457040A1 (de) * | 1974-12-03 | 1976-06-10 | Ferdinand Kaiser | Einrichtung zur beobachtungsmoeglichkeit und ggf. erhaltung von rollennummern, wasserzeichen, gummi, gummiriffelung, seidenfaden u. dgl. bei briefmarken auf fuer die postbefoerderung beweiskraeftigen briefumschlaegen, postkarten usw. |
| US4093117A (en) * | 1976-06-01 | 1978-06-06 | Henry Clifton Morse | Mailer |
| US4278199A (en) * | 1979-07-09 | 1981-07-14 | Yoshio Tanaka | Post card |
| US4762271A (en) * | 1983-10-11 | 1988-08-09 | Alexander Lewyt | Compartmented and separable mailing envelope |
| US4597591A (en) * | 1984-06-06 | 1986-07-01 | Westvaco Corporation | Envelope with concealed message window |
| US4872706A (en) * | 1986-05-13 | 1989-10-10 | American Stamp, Inc. | Postage ad labels |
| US4900597A (en) * | 1987-12-28 | 1990-02-13 | Stephen Kurtin | Image transfer label |
| US5052613A (en) * | 1988-12-19 | 1991-10-01 | Lin Sheng Chi | Two-way envelope |
| US5009518A (en) * | 1989-08-08 | 1991-04-23 | Bagcraft Corporation Of America | Window-style bag with integral coupon |
| BR9106451A (pt) * | 1990-05-15 | 1993-05-25 | Australian Postal Corp | Selo postal aperfeicoado,processo de produzir selos para uso por despegamento e colagem e matriz de de corte para produzir e cortar selos |
| US5011069A (en) * | 1990-06-26 | 1991-04-30 | Transkrit Corporation | Continuous mailer assembly |
| DE4244598A1 (de) * | 1991-12-31 | 1994-02-10 | Hubert K Block | Brief mit Briefkuvert |
| US5248082A (en) * | 1992-06-15 | 1993-09-28 | Bedinghaus Business Communications, Inc. | Two-way mailer with pull tab |
| US5344190A (en) * | 1993-03-29 | 1994-09-06 | Volz Richard J | Printed sheet with integrally formed stamps |
| US5863073A (en) * | 1996-11-14 | 1999-01-26 | American Express Travel Related Services | Refundable travellers cheques |
-
1996
- 1996-02-23 FR FR9602516A patent/FR2745407B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-02-20 US US09/117,915 patent/US6139067A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-02-20 WO PCT/FR1997/000318 patent/WO1997031355A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1997-02-20 EP EP97906235A patent/EP0882282B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-02-20 DE DE69700700T patent/DE69700700T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-02-20 AT AT97906235T patent/ATE186144T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-02-20 AU AU20991/97A patent/AU2099197A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-02-20 DK DK97906235T patent/DK0882282T3/da active
- 1997-02-20 ES ES97906235T patent/ES2139442T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-01-14 GR GR20000400070T patent/GR3032371T3/el not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0882282A1 (fr) | 1998-12-09 |
| FR2745407B1 (fr) | 1998-05-15 |
| DE69700700D1 (de) | 1999-12-02 |
| GR3032371T3 (en) | 2000-04-27 |
| DK0882282T3 (da) | 2000-05-08 |
| WO1997031355A1 (fr) | 1997-08-28 |
| US6139067A (en) | 2000-10-31 |
| DE69700700T2 (de) | 2000-05-04 |
| ATE186144T1 (de) | 1999-11-15 |
| AU2099197A (en) | 1997-09-10 |
| ES2139442T3 (es) | 2000-02-01 |
| FR2745407A1 (fr) | 1997-08-29 |
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