EP0892078A1 - Gitterrost für einen Winderhitzer - Google Patents
Gitterrost für einen Winderhitzer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0892078A1 EP0892078A1 EP97112351A EP97112351A EP0892078A1 EP 0892078 A1 EP0892078 A1 EP 0892078A1 EP 97112351 A EP97112351 A EP 97112351A EP 97112351 A EP97112351 A EP 97112351A EP 0892078 A1 EP0892078 A1 EP 0892078A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- materials
- cast
- cast material
- temperature
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
- C22C37/08—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium with nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B9/00—Stoves for heating the blast in blast furnaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/10—Arrangements for using waste heat
- F27D17/12—Arrangements for using waste heat using heat storage
- F27D17/13—Arrangements for using waste heat using heat storage using regenerative heat exchangers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D17/00—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which a stationary intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is contacted successively by each heat-exchange medium, e.g. using granular particles
- F28D17/02—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which a stationary intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is contacted successively by each heat-exchange medium, e.g. using granular particles using rigid bodies, e.g. of porous material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a grate for a hot water heater, which consists of a easily machinable cast material, which is a long-term use with increased Exhaust gas temperatures on the grating up to 600 ° C allowed without permanent operation There is a risk of material failure over a period of 20 years.
- Gratings made of cast materials are used in hot air heaters in the grate shafts as Support structure for the trimmings, i.e. for those that use regenerative heat storage inserted storage stones in systems with internal or external Burning shaft.
- a gray cast iron with lamellar graphite which were previously used for the production of gratings and a chemical composition of about 3.3 weight percent carbon, about 0.6 weight percent manganese, 1.8 to 2 weight percent silicon, and more a chromium content of about 0.7 percent by weight in long-term use.
- the task therefore was to close a grate for a hot water heater develop, which consists of an inexpensive to produce casting material, the allows long-term use at elevated exhaust gas temperatures of up to 600 ° C, without fear of material failure.
- a casting material that meets these requirements is one of bainitic ones Structure components of free material with the basic composition of a GGG50 ferritic-pearlitic matrix and vermicular graphite, i.e. one Transitional form between lamellar and spheroidal graphite.
- a cast material with Vermicular graphite combines the good strength properties of the lamellar Graphite cast iron with the better toughness properties and the higher Temperature resistance of a GGG material.
- the casting materials mentioned above were on the one hand with a conventional, chrome-alloyed GG25, showing a lamellar graphite structure, a standard material for gratings (V1), but also with Trial bars of gratings from the blast furnace systems of blast furnace 6 Thyssen Stahl AG (V5) and with samples from the grate of the hot water heater A1 des Blast furnace A of Preussag Stahl AG (V6) compared.
- the grating of the Blast heater system of blast furnace 6 of Thyssen Stahl AG has been around for about 30 years in operation.
- the casting materials mentioned above were also included a material of the basic composition of a GGG60 with pearlitic-bainitic Basic matrix (V3) compared.
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of the temperature profiles of the gratings of the
- the cyclical change of the is shown different maximum exhaust gas temperature.
- Fig. 1 The temperature profile shown in Fig. 1 shows the constant extreme Temperature changes, which those made from the cast materials V5 and V6 Gratings have been exposed for many years. To the thermal load enormous static, mechanical and oxidative stresses come when one assumes 8 to 10 temperature cycles per day, about 3,000 Temperature cycles per year are the same as those required by a grating Lifespan of 20 to 30 years, a low-frequency continuous load of far result in over 60,000 temperature cycles.
- Fig. 2 shows the course of the hot tensile strength (R m ) as a function of the test temperature.
- the casting materials V2 and V4 according to the invention show higher hot tensile strengths at all temperatures than the casting material V1 (GG25) corresponding to the prior art.
- the particularly high hot tensile strength of the cast material V3 cannot be used for a certain reason, which can be clearly seen from the diagram in FIG. 3.
- the temperature-dependent change in length shown in Fig. 3 shows for the Material V3 in the range between 400 and 500 ° C an inconsistency caused by a Bainite transformation is to be explained.
- the caused by the bainite transformation Discontinuity in the change in length has the consequence that cast materials with bainitic structure parts not used for the production of gratings because this could lead to tension in the hot air heater would question its stability. Therefore, for the production of Gratings for hot water systems used only cast materials that have a linear Show expansion behavior, i.e. a linear expansion coefficient and have no significant structural changes in the range between 20 and show 600 ° C.
- the conventional casting material V1 is inferior to the casting materials V2 and V4 according to the invention, because - as FIG. 2 shows - its hot tensile strength, measured according to DIN 1691, is significantly below the strength values of V2 and V4. It is noteworthy that a significant decrease in strength occurs at 500 ° C for material V1, while a comparable decrease in strength can only be observed with material V2 from 600 ° C.
- the tensile strengths determined for the materials examined are summarized in Table 2 below:
- the examined casting materials show in metallographic examinations The following properties: While the structure of materials V1 and V2 by the usual lamellar graphite arrangement and the pearlitic-ledeburitic Structure is determined, the material V4 is a vermicular Formation of graphite before. The mechanical properties of materials this microstructure formation must be located between gray cast iron and nodular cast iron. The Examination of the cast material V4 has a 30% spherulitic formation surrender. Its matrix is ferritic-pearlitic and contains no ledeburitic Shares more. In contrast, spheroidal graphite cast iron GGG60 (V3) has a bainitic-pearlitic Structure on, for the reasons already mentioned to be less favorable mechanical properties. In addition, the high strength values at a pearlitic-bainitic structure to problems in machining lead, so that this material for the production of gratings in hot air heaters must also be considered unsuitable for this reason.
- the chrome-alloyed material V6 obtained from Preussag Stahl AG shows up to the maximum operating temperature of 420 ° C strength values between 175 MPa and 145 MPa.
- V5 and V6 it could be demonstrated that none despite decades of use in the temperature range under consideration significant losses in strength. This can be explained by that these cast materials do not exist in the temperature range examined Experienced structural changes and a linear expansion coefficient demonstrate.
- the cast materials V2 and V4 can be predicted that the new invention Cast materials even after an operating time of 20 years in the hot air heater Temperatures up to 600 ° C will still show strength values that 240 MPa will not fall below. That means the required security criteria too after an operating time of 20 years.
- Both the cast material V2 and the cast material V4 show strength values at temperatures of 600 ° C, which are comparable to the strength value of the cast material V1 at 400 ° C. Based on the permissible voltages with a safety factor of around 8, the following permissible voltages result at an operating temperature of 600 ° C:
- the specified allowable stresses of 30 MPa from the conventional Cast iron grating V1 represent a safety value that has proven itself in recent decades. If one also takes into account that the Design against pressure and bending takes place with the values of the tensile tests, see above there is an additional safety factor. This is a factor of pressure 4 and when bent by a factor of 2 above that of the tensile strength. With these Design values ensure that even in the event of malfunctions caused heating of the grate to temperatures around 650 ° C none there is an immediate risk of mechanical failure.
- the materials according to the invention thus allow, in the conventional Temperature range up to 400 ° C weight savings of the gratings. she Above all, they also enable hot air heaters in a temperature range up to 600 ° C to operate, reducing the size by saving energy achieve a higher efficiency and thus a higher one Offer environmental sustainability. This is associated with material savings of up to 30% without compromising the high standard of security criteria.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
- Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
- Devices For Medical Bathing And Washing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
und einer chemischen Zusammensetzung von etwa 3,3 Gewichtsprozent Kohlenstoff, ca. 0,6 Gewichtsprozent Mangan, 1,8 bis 2 Gewichtsprozent Silicium und außerdem
einem Chromgehalt von etwa 0,7 Gewichtsprozent im Langzeiteinsatz nicht ausgehalten.
- ein lineares Ausdehnungsverhalten und keine nennenswerten Gefügeveränderungen im Bereich zwischen 20 und 600°C zeigt;
- eine Festigkeit von mehr als 240 MPa (gemessen nach DIN 1691) bei einer Temperatur von 600°C und
- eine Zähigkeit mit einer Dehnrate von mehr als 10% aufweist.
- 0,6 bis 1,0 Gewichtsprozent Chrom,
- 0,8 bis 1,5 Gewichtsprozent Nickel und
- 0,4 bis 0,7 Gewichtsprozent Molybdän,
- Bei einem Gitterrost aus dem Gußwerkstoff V2 ist eine 5%-ige Gewichtseinsparung gegenüber dem Gußwerkstoff V1 zu erzielen;
- Bei einem Gitterrost aus dem Gußwerkstoff V4 ist eine 20%-ige Gewichtseinsparung gegenüber dem Gußwerkstoff V1 zu erzielen.
| Zulässige Spannungen der untersuchten Gußwerkstoffe bei 400°C | |
| Gußwerkstoff | Zulässige Spannung |
| V1 | 30 MPa |
| V2 | 34 MPa |
| V4 | 53 MPa |
Claims (3)
- Gitterrost für einen Winderhitzer,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß er aus einem Gußwerkstoff besteht, derein lineares Ausdehnungsverhalten und keine nennenswerten Gefügeveränderungen im Bereich zwischen 20 und 600°C zeigt;eine Festigkeit von mehr als 240 MPa (gemessen nach DIN 1691) bei einer Temperatur von 600°C undeine Zähigkeit mit einer Dehnrate von mehr als 10% aufweist. - Gitterrost nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Grundgefüge des Gußwerkstoffes frei von bainitischen Gefügeanteilen ist und gleichzeitig eine vermiculare Graphitstruktur aufweist. - Gitterrost nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Grundgefüge des Gußwerkstoffes perlitisch-ledeburitisch ist, gleichzeitig eine lamellare Graphitstruktur aufweist undwobei die Gesamtmenge von Chrom, Nickel und Molybdän zwischen 1,8 und 3,2 Gewichtsprozent des Gußwerkstoffes beträgt.0,6 bis 1,0 Gewichtsprozent Chrom,0,8 bis 1,5 Gewichtsprozent Nickel und0,4 bis 0,7 Gewichtsprozent Molybdän enthält,
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97112351A EP0892078B1 (de) | 1997-07-18 | 1997-07-18 | Gitterrost für einen Winderhitzer |
| AT97112351T ATE224463T1 (de) | 1997-07-18 | 1997-07-18 | Gitterrost für einen winderhitzer |
| DE59708266T DE59708266D1 (de) | 1997-07-18 | 1997-07-18 | Gitterrost für einen Winderhitzer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97112351A EP0892078B1 (de) | 1997-07-18 | 1997-07-18 | Gitterrost für einen Winderhitzer |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0892078A1 true EP0892078A1 (de) | 1999-01-20 |
| EP0892078B1 EP0892078B1 (de) | 2002-09-18 |
Family
ID=8227086
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97112351A Expired - Lifetime EP0892078B1 (de) | 1997-07-18 | 1997-07-18 | Gitterrost für einen Winderhitzer |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0892078B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE224463T1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE59708266D1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006082056A3 (en) * | 2005-02-01 | 2007-01-25 | Danieli Corus Bv | Support assembly for supporting heat regeneration checker work in a hot blast stove, hot blast stove provided with said support assembly, method of producing hot air using said hot blast stove |
| CN109023025A (zh) * | 2018-08-20 | 2018-12-18 | 江苏力源金河铸造有限公司 | 一种具有高延伸率蠕墨铸铁的制备方法 |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1461822A (en) * | 1973-03-19 | 1977-01-19 | Didier Werke Ag | Checkerwork-supporting grate for blast furnace stoves |
| US4176656A (en) * | 1978-04-10 | 1979-12-04 | Komorowski Alexander F | Nitrogen-heat separator furnace |
| DE3706516A1 (de) * | 1987-02-28 | 1988-09-08 | Kuepper August Gmbh & Co Kg | Verfahren zur herstellung einer hitzebestaendigen eisenkohlenstoff-legierung mit guter waermeleit-faehigkeit und eisenkohlenstoff-legierung |
| US5052918A (en) * | 1988-12-10 | 1991-10-01 | Klockner Cra Patent Gmbh | Method and a regenerator for heating gases |
| EP0534850A1 (de) * | 1991-09-26 | 1993-03-31 | Centre Technique Des Industries De La Fonderie | Warmfestes Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit oder mit Vermikulargraphit |
-
1997
- 1997-07-18 AT AT97112351T patent/ATE224463T1/de active
- 1997-07-18 EP EP97112351A patent/EP0892078B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-07-18 DE DE59708266T patent/DE59708266D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1461822A (en) * | 1973-03-19 | 1977-01-19 | Didier Werke Ag | Checkerwork-supporting grate for blast furnace stoves |
| US4176656A (en) * | 1978-04-10 | 1979-12-04 | Komorowski Alexander F | Nitrogen-heat separator furnace |
| DE3706516A1 (de) * | 1987-02-28 | 1988-09-08 | Kuepper August Gmbh & Co Kg | Verfahren zur herstellung einer hitzebestaendigen eisenkohlenstoff-legierung mit guter waermeleit-faehigkeit und eisenkohlenstoff-legierung |
| US5052918A (en) * | 1988-12-10 | 1991-10-01 | Klockner Cra Patent Gmbh | Method and a regenerator for heating gases |
| EP0534850A1 (de) * | 1991-09-26 | 1993-03-31 | Centre Technique Des Industries De La Fonderie | Warmfestes Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit oder mit Vermikulargraphit |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| J. R. DAVIS: "Cast Irons", September 1996, ASM INTERNATIONAL, USA, XP002050355, 087170 * |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006082056A3 (en) * | 2005-02-01 | 2007-01-25 | Danieli Corus Bv | Support assembly for supporting heat regeneration checker work in a hot blast stove, hot blast stove provided with said support assembly, method of producing hot air using said hot blast stove |
| JP2008528808A (ja) * | 2005-02-01 | 2008-07-31 | ダニエリ、コラス、ベスローテン、フェンノートシャップ | 熱風炉中で蓄熱格子耐火煉瓦を支持するための支持組立品、該支持組立品を備えた熱風炉、該熱風炉を使用して熱風を生成する方法 |
| AU2006210102B2 (en) * | 2005-02-01 | 2010-10-28 | Danieli Corus Bv | Support assembly for supporting heat regeneration checker work in a hot blast stove, hot blast stove provided with said support assembly, method of producing hot air using said hot blast stove |
| CN101128606B (zh) * | 2005-02-01 | 2012-06-20 | 丹尼利克里斯有限公司 | 用于支撑热风炉内的热再生格子砖体的支撑组件、配备所述支撑组件的热风炉和使用所述热风炉产生热空气的方法 |
| CN109023025A (zh) * | 2018-08-20 | 2018-12-18 | 江苏力源金河铸造有限公司 | 一种具有高延伸率蠕墨铸铁的制备方法 |
| CN109023025B (zh) * | 2018-08-20 | 2019-11-29 | 江苏力源金河铸造有限公司 | 一种具有高延伸率蠕墨铸铁的制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE59708266D1 (de) | 2002-10-24 |
| EP0892078B1 (de) | 2002-09-18 |
| ATE224463T1 (de) | 2002-10-15 |
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