Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
  • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
  • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
  • E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
  • E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
  • E04B1/803—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped with vacuum spaces included in the slab
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
  • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
  • E04B2001/742—Use of special materials; Materials having special structures or shape
  • E04B2001/743—Animal products, e.g. wool, feathers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F25D2201/00—Insulation
  • F25D2201/10—Insulation with respect to heat
  • F25D2201/14—Insulation with respect to heat using subatmospheric pressure
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
  • Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
  • Y02A30/242—Slab shaped vacuum insulation
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
  • Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
  • Y02A30/244—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation using natural or recycled building materials, e.g. straw, wool, clay or used tires
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B80/00—Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
  • Y02B80/10—Insulation, e.g. vacuum or aerogel insulation

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a new insulating panel, in particular DOU ⁇ thermal insulation and / or pnoni ⁇ ue before ⁇ es mechanical caoacites which renoent self-supporting.
• Panels with two faces made of rigid materials are known which are secured by materials having an insulating power and having sufficient mechanical stiffness. This is how we realize walls intended for refrigerating cnamores in fixed buildings or to be mounted on vehicles such as trucks or to acoustically isolate these administrative offices which adjoin a noisy workshop. These walls are known which include compounds of several fibrous materials such as rock wool and fiberglass, pulverulent when it is a question of oolystyrene or perlite beads or else in the form of foam blocks, for example in the form of polyurethane foam.
• Such panels have thermal coefficients of thermal ⁇ ⁇ e 0.01 8-W / m / ° C and even more for certain less efficient foams.
• a patent EP-A-463 31 1 is known which describes an asymmetrical, thermally insulating panel, composed of two sheets arranged on either side of a matrix of insulating, fibrous or pulverulent material, at least one of the sheets. being non-metalliferous to avoid thermal transmission by bridges.
• the depression is then carried out between the two sheets previously welded on the periphery.
• Solid non-structural, shaped objects are thus produced which have a high thermal insulating power.
• the present invention relates to an insulating panel with very low coefficient of heat loss, which is self-supporting, which can be manufactured in large dimensions, which is of low manufacturing cost and whose thicknesses can cover substantially all the needs expressed in the sense that the thicknesses can vary from a few millimeters to ten centimeters.
• the materials used can vary according to a very wide range which may include certain natural materials.
• the present invention has the effect of a thermally insulating and self-supporting panel comprising at least one insert with a structure provided with cells, an insulating material in the form of fibers, powder, beads, ground material of natural or artificial material. , distributed in these cells, as well as two upper and lower films arranged above and below said insert so as to form a single peripheral envelope with a peripheral weld, the internal volume delimited by the welded films being placed under vacuum.
• the insert comprises separate cells open on one side and cells open on the other side as well as a peripheral zone capable of receiving the edges of the upper and lower films by welding so as to produce two volumes under depression, independent.
• the cells of one face are staggered relative to the other face, to achieve alternation.
• the invention also provides means forming a surface reflector, disposed in the volume delimited by the films, on one or the other of the faces of the insert (s) or in an intermediate position.
• At least one facing plate is attached to the corresponding film, the connection being made by means of an exoansible, adherent composition, compatible with the nature of the film. and the nature of the plaque.
• the two upper and lower films are welded to each other on a given zone, through the insert, so as to be able to pierce this zone, and the two plates facing are joined by at least one tie.
• the thermally insulating material of said panel comprises in combination at least one thermally insulating material proper, at least one humidity sensor as well as at least one oxygen sensor.
• the upper and lower films are composite films.
• FIG. 1A a view of a schematic embodiment of a panel with a compartmentalized insert according to the invention, before placing under vacuum
• FIG. 2 a view of a panel with double cells with independent double welds
• FIG. 5 a variant with a double insert and interposed reflector means
• FIG. 6 a variant with an interior and exterior double film
• FIG. 9 a schematic sectional view of an insulating composition according to the invention with the complementary sensor materials
• FIG. 1 A there is shown a panel according to the invention which comprises an insert 1 0, a material 1 2 having thermal insulation capacities and two complex films 14, 1 5, respectively surface sealing and lower.
• the insert is a structure 1 6, with cells 1 8, honeycomb for example, made from cellulosic fibrous material such as cardboard, impregnated paper, thermoplastic resin, or even metal.
• this insert is on the one hand to ensure the mechanical properties both with respect to the resumption of the forces in the comoression and with respect to the bending forces and on the other hand to determine the final thickness of the panel according to the invention once finished.
• the filling material 1 2 having thermal insulation capacities, which can be in the form of ground material of natural or artificial materials, powder, beads, crushed pieces or fibers. In any case, it is necessary that the material can be housed in the cells 1 8 and fill these cells as well as possible.
• Mention may be made, as material, of powders or granules of polyurethane foam, materials of mineral origin, perlite or clay or mixtures of these materials, or even natural organic materials such as feathers.
• the two surface sealing films 1 4 and 1 5, upper and lower, are provided to create a gas barrier between the filling material, including the insert, and the environment.
• These two films are capable of being welded on themselves or at least on a filler material which can be deposited in a thin layer.
• the surface polymer films allow thermal welding and the core polymer films ensure, with the aluminum films, perfect gas tightness.
• the two films have been welded over the entire periphery of the insert with the internal volume delimited by the welded films being placed under vacuum, which enables the films to be pressed on either side. of the insert, simultaneously trapping the filling material.
• FIGs 1 A and 1 B there is shown in Figures 1 A and 1 B two complementary but unnecessary elements which are two reflective strips 20 and 21, interposed between the insert and the film, to be immobilized by the film against the insert.
• These reflective strips participate in the mechanical rigidity of the panel thus produced in addition to limiting the losses.
• these strips make it possible to remedy the depressions.
• These strips can also be glued, which strengthens the shear strength of the entire finished panel while allowing the film to come and tighten the entire panel thus formed, eliminating depressions.
• the insert carries on its periphery an adhesive layer 22 of a material capable of receiving the edges by hot welding. sealing films.
• the insert itself is produced so that each cell is divided into two independent volumes, 24 and 25. This thus provides two depressurized zones, independent of each other, taking the precaution of make the insert of a gas tight material.
• each of the faces must be produced successively to allow the filling of the different cells of each of the faces.
• FIG 4 it is a panel made with plates 20, 21 which are this time of cellular material and these plates are embossed on the structure 1 6 to ensure the fixing.
• FIG 6 there is shown a variant with an upper inner film 1 4a and a lower inner film 1 5a and the two upper films 1 4 and lower 1 5 of the previous embodiments.
• the lower inner film 1 5a is pressed against the bottom of each cell but retaining continuity, for example by vacuum suction, the insert being permeable to gases.
• the filling material is embedded in the cells lined with the film 1 5a then the upper inner film is disposed by a layer and bonded by welding with the inner film below the right of the walls of the cells as shown, after having depressed the defined volume Dar these two interior films. Individual and independent pockets were thus produced.
• the upper and lower films 1 4 and 1 5 are attached and welded with the assembly being placed under vacuum around the filled insert as has just been indicated.
• REPLACEMENT FELJILL E (RULE 26)
• Such a panel can also directly integrate facing plates 27 of very high rigidity such as those which are currently used for producing the faces of the walls of refrigerated trucks, namely generally polyester.
• An embodiment is shown in FIG. 7.
• Thermoplastic facings can be used and the barrier films are selected so that the face opposite the facing is chemically compatible with said facing.
• a composition 29 of expandable adhesive resin is then used which, in the case of polyester plaes, can be a lightened epoxy adhesive or a lightened polyester.
• composition 29 of expansive adhesive resin fills the slight depressions which are shown in this figure on a larger scale. This keeps the panel flat.
• tie rods 28 for mechanical connection with heads 30, interposed between the two facing plates.
• a solution is shown in Figure 8.
• some cells affected by the passage of a tie have the upper and lower films 14 and 1 5 which are welded in the central part to form a zone 32 supporting a bore without constituting a leak during vacuuming.
• the heads 30 of the tie rods are visible but on industrial panels, they must be integrated into the thickness of the facing plates to lead to the production of perfectly flat panels, without projecting elements.
• the preferred composition of the thermally insulating materials 12 according to the invention comprises a layer 34 of a mineral insulating agent, for example, a layer 36 of powder of organic materials such as feathers, a layer 38 of a hydrophilic powder material which forms a solid agglomerate in the presence of water and a layer 40 of an oxygen scavenging material which comprises elements reducing oxygen in the chemical sense of the term.
• the purpose of the coucne 40 is to capture the oxygen possibly released by the organic material.
• FIGS. 1 0A and 10B it can be noted, more particularly for the panels mounted on venices and subjected to significant trepi ⁇ ations that in the case of a panel of the prior art, FIG. 10A, a space may form. liDre in the upper part of the panel, over a height x, due to the compaction of the insulating material while in the panel according to the invention, Figure 1 0B, the insulating material is held by the film and by the internal depression, this on small amounts of material, making maintenance more efficient.
• the filling materials are pre-packed by any suitable means such as a viorante table, beforehand, and such an operation is certainly easier and more homogeneous on small volumes.
• a thermally insulating panel can have sound insulation qualities but to achieve a better result, the materials used are chosen from those which allow the onoes to be filtered. acoustic.
• heavy loads can be combined to filter the low frequencies, to arrange in the cells, and light loads to absorb the high frequencies such as rock wool or glass veils which are placed on the insert and under the barrier film.

Landscapes

• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Thermal Insulation (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=9497300

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

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Family Cites Families (4)

• 1996
  • 1996-10-28 FR FR9613419A patent/FR2755159B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1997
  • 1997-10-27 AU AU49522/97A patent/AU4952297A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1997-10-27 EP EP97912264A patent/EP0892874A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1997-10-27 WO PCT/FR1997/001923 patent/WO1998019024A1/fr not_active Ceased

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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