EP0894591B1 - Vorrichtung zur Füllung der Formen in Pressen zur Herstellung von Fliesen und Ausführungsmittel dafür - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur Füllung der Formen in Pressen zur Herstellung von Fliesen und Ausführungsmittel dafür Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0894591B1
EP0894591B1 EP98202433A EP98202433A EP0894591B1 EP 0894591 B1 EP0894591 B1 EP 0894591B1 EP 98202433 A EP98202433 A EP 98202433A EP 98202433 A EP98202433 A EP 98202433A EP 0894591 B1 EP0894591 B1 EP 0894591B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
roller
carriage
loading
soft mass
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98202433A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0894591A1 (de
Inventor
Gianpaolo Cavazzoni
Mario Bertolini
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IRIS CERAMICA - SpA
ARIOSTEA SpA
Original Assignee
IRIS CERAMICA - SpA
ARIOSTEA SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0894591A1 publication Critical patent/EP0894591A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0894591B1 publication Critical patent/EP0894591B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
    • B28B13/02—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles
    • B28B13/0215—Feeding the moulding material in measured quantities from a container or silo
    • B28B13/023—Feeding the moulding material in measured quantities from a container or silo by using a feed box transferring the moulding material from a hopper to the moulding cavities
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
    • B28B13/02—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles
    • B28B13/0215—Feeding the moulding material in measured quantities from a container or silo
    • B28B13/022—Feeding several successive layers, optionally of different materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
    • B28B13/02—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles
    • B28B13/0215—Feeding the moulding material in measured quantities from a container or silo
    • B28B13/026—Feeding the moulding material in measured quantities from a container or silo by using a movable hopper transferring the moulding material to the moulding cavities
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
    • B28B13/02—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles
    • B28B13/0295—Treating the surface of the fed layer, e.g. removing material or equalization of the surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/12—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein one or more rollers exert pressure on the material

Definitions

  • This invention relates to loading systems for the moulds of ceramic tile forming presses, and devices for implementing such systems.
  • Known forming processes comprise creating a mass of powder material within the compartment of a loading carriage for the press mould.
  • This loading carriage can traverse horizontally, driven by known means, between a loading position and a discharge position for the soft mass to be compacted, consequently it being positioned alternately below a hopper which allows the the material to fall into the compartment, and above the mould cavity into which the previously loaded material is deposited.
  • the cavity base can move vertically between a tile unloading position coplanar with the plane of the press, and a loading and pressing position in which the base of the forming cavity is positioned below the plane of the press.
  • Loading processes are known in which the soft mass consists of two or more overlying layers of materials of different characteristics.
  • the mould cavity is loaded in at least two stages.
  • a layer of material generally forming the tile base is deposited in the mould cavity, followed by depositing on this first layer a layer of material forming the treadable (visible) part of the tile.
  • the base of the mould forming cavity must also be able to be positioned in an intermediate position, between the unloading position and pressing position, to enable the second layer of material to be deposited.
  • FR 1 501 676 discloses a method for loading a soft mass into the forming cavity of a ceramic mould consisting of at least two overlying layers of powder material having different characteristics comprising the steps of depositing a first layer, compacting said first layer by the upper punch of the press, depositing the second layer and carry out the final compaction of said two layers, wherein the compacting means of the first layer are independent from the loading means of the said soft material, and therefore prevent said loading means to load the mass in only one to and fro movement of the carriage.
  • a first drawback is the need to position the base of the forming cavity in an intermediate position in which the second layer of material is deposited.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a mould loading process and the relative implementation means which enable tiles to be formed consisting of a multi-layer soft mass without the need for the intermediate positioning of the base of the forming cavity.
  • a further object of the invention is to obtain the distribution of the upper powder layer in accordance with a desired design.
  • At least the first layer is partially compacted before the loading of the second (last) layer.
  • the compacting means can present a surface provided with reliefs which define, on the first layer, cavities corresponding to the design to be created by the second layer.
  • Figures 1 to 7 show a ceramic press 1 of known type provided with a mould 2 comprising three cavities 3.
  • a loading carriage 4 which can traverse horizontally between a soft material loading position and an unloading position therefor, driven by the geared motor 60 via a connecting rod-crank mechanism 5.
  • the loading carriage 4 consists of an outer frame 40 comprising, in its rear part, a usual loading compartment 41 provided with an internal dividing grid, its front part supporting a small hopper 42 as wide as the front of the press and provided with a usual opening and closure device 43.
  • the frame 40 supports a number of rollers 44 equal to the number of forming cavities.
  • Each roller 44 has a smooth rolling surface, is as long as one of the cavities 3, and is provided with idly mounted shafts 45 which can slide vertically within the slots 46. From Figure 7 it can be seen that the slots 46 are provided in the supports 47.
  • the same figure also shows a known device 48 which enables the lowest position of the rollers to be adjusted.
  • the shafts 45 can also be conveniently motorized in order to roll without sliding on the powder lying within the mould cavity during the carriage traversing movement.
  • the front edge of the frame 40 is provided with a usual pusher and scraper 400 for unloading the formed tiles and for maintaining the surface of the press 1 clean, and to remove any excess material.
  • a flat plate 410 as wide as the frame 40 and arranged to close the lower mouth of the hopper 6 which lies above the loading carriage 4.
  • the hopper 6 contains the tile base material, which is fed into said hopper 6 by usual feed means, such as a traversing distributor tube 8 sliding on suitable guides 9, as shown in Figure 4.
  • a second hopper 7 which contains the quality material forming the visible layer of the tile, and is provided with its own opening and closure device 70.
  • the two powder mixtures to form the tile base and its upper part are deposited in the hoppers 6 and 7, in quantities such as to fill the forming cavities.
  • Figure 1 shows the loading carriage in the completely withdrawn position. In this position the hopper 6 has already discharged the base material into the compartment 41, the hopper 7 discharging the material contained within it into the underlying small hopper 42.
  • the loading carriage.4 is advanced as shown in Figure 2.
  • FIG. 1 shows the loading carriage 4 in the discharge position.
  • the loading compartment 41 is positioned in correspondence with the forming cavity 3, the base of which is lowered to receive the material contained in the compartment 41.
  • the amount by which the rollers are lowered is regulated by the means 48.
  • This second layer is deposited by the small hopper 42.
  • the microprocessor causes the closure device 70 to open so as to discharge the second layer of powder material onto the layer of base material precompacted by the rollers 44.
  • the invention is also able to form tiles with surface decorations.
  • the rolling surfaces of the rollers 44 merely need to carry shaped impressions, the depth of these impressions being equal to the distance between the plane of the press and the precompacted mass, ie it corresponds to the lowering of the rollers.
  • the rollers 44 compact the base material to create relief designs, the projecting surfaces of which are coplanar with the plane of the mould, and consist of the base material deriving from the first layer, the second layer of material deposited by the small hopper 42 filling only the non-relief regions, to create the surface decoration.
  • the shafts 45 of the rollers 44 are preferably motorized.
  • the side wall of the frame 40 of the carriage 4 carries on its outside a fixed pin 153 on which a gear wheel 151 is idly mounted, and comprises a seat for rotatably receiving a shaft 148.
  • a toothed belt 152 Between the wheels 151 and 149 there extends a toothed belt 152, the upper portion of which is secured by a clamp 156 to the fixed frame of the machine.
  • the shaft 148 On the inner side the frame 40 of the carriage 4 the shaft 148 idly receives a support 146 via the seat 154 provided therein, and on the other side of the support fixedly carries a gearwheel 147.
  • a second seat in the support 146 receives the shaft 45 of the rollers 44, which fixedly carries a gear wheel 145 engaging the gear wheel 147.
  • gearwheels 145 and 147 have the same pitch circle diameter, the diameter of the smooth part of the roller 44 being equal to the pitch circle diameter of the gearwheel 149.
  • the combination of the shaft 148, gearwheel 147, gearwheel 145, shaft 45 and support 146 form a gear transmission rocking about the axis of the shaft 148, which represents the motion input shaft.
  • the support 146 which is free to rock about the axis of the shaft 148, comprises a foot 157 arranged to rest on one side of a right-angled bracket 158 rocking about the axis 159, and having its other side engaged with the rod of a cylinder-piston unit 160, the body of which is fixed by the bracket 161 to the frame 40.
  • the body of the cylinder-piston unit is fixed by screwing the threaded shank 162, rigid with the body of the cylinder-piston . unit, into a threaded seat in the bracket 161.
  • the extent by which the rod 162 is screwed in determines the position of that side of the right-angled bracket on which the foot 157 rests, and hence limits the lowering of the roller 44.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
  • Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Verfahren zum Laden einer weichen Masse in Formhohlräume (3), welche in keramischen Pressformen (2) gebildet sind, wobei die weiche Masse aus wenigstens zwei übereinander liegenden Schichten von Pulvermaterialien mit unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften besteht, welche in einer einzigen Hin- und Herbewegung eines oszillierenden Ladeschlittens (4), welcher eine Ladekammer (41) aufweist, eingeladen werden,
    gekennzeichnet durch
    das Füllen des Formhohlraums (3) mit einer ersten Schicht von Pulvermaterial; und während des Zurückziehens des Schlittens (4) das Verdichten der ersten Schicht mittels wenigstens einer Walze (44), welche durch die Schwerkraft wirkt, und dem Anfertigen einer zweiten Schicht von Pulvermaterial auf der verdichteten Schicht in einer solchen Menge, um das Füllen des Hohlraums (3), welches durch die Walze (44) vor dem Pressen erzeugt wurde, zu vervollständigen.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    das die erste Schicht bildende Material aufgrund von in der Walze (44) enthaltenen Vertiefungen nur in begrenzten Bereichen seiner Oberfläche verdichtet wird, wobei die Tiefe der Vertiefungen dem Absenken der Walze (44) entspricht.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    das die zweite Schicht bildende Material nur die Vertiefungen ausfüllt.
  4. Vorrichtung zum Laden einer weichen Masse, welche aus wenigstens zwei Schichten von Material besteht, in den Formhohlraum einer Keramikfliesenform, mit einem Ladeschlitten (4), welcher durch gewöhnliche Einrichtungen (5) angetrieben ist, um zwischen einer Ladeposition und einer Entladeposition für die weiche Masse zu oszillieren, wobei der Schlitten (4) mit einer gewöhnlichen gitterförmigen Kammer versehen ist, welche durch gewöhnliche Einrichtungen (6) beschickt wird und dafür vorgesehen ist, von denselben eine erste Schicht der weichen Masse aufzunehmen und die erste Schicht in den Formhohlraum (3) zu legen,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    der Schlitten (4) eine Rahmenstruktur (40) in einer Position unterhalb der Kammer, welche aufeinanderfolgend wenigstens eine Walze (44) zum Verdichten der ersten Schicht der weichen Masse innerhalb des Formhohlraums auf gesteuerte Art und Weise trägt, während der Schlitten weggenommen wird, und einen kleinen Beschickungsbehälter (42) zum Zuführen einer zweiten Schicht der weichen Masse direkt in den Formhohlraum nachdem die erste Schicht verdichtet wurde aufweist, wobei der kleine Beschickungsbehälter (42) mit einem unteren Verschlussventil (43) versehen ist.
  5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die wenigstens eine Walze (44) zum Verdichten der ersten Schicht der weichen Masse quer angeordnet und in vertikaler Richtung, geführt durch geeignete Stützeinrichtungen (47,146), frei beweglich ist und eine Länge aufweist, die im wesentlichen gleich der Breite des Formhohlraums ist.
  6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die wenigstens eine Querwalze (44) nicht angetrieben ist.
  7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die wenigstens eine Querwalze (44) angetrieben ist.
  8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die geeigneten Stützeinrichtungen (47,146) mit einer bekannten Einstellschraubenvorrichtung (48,162) versehen ist, welche das Absenken der Walze (44) begrenzt.
  9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Walze (44) eine glatte Mantelfläche aufweist.
  10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Walze (44) eine Mantelfläche aufweist, die mit Vertiefungen versehen ist, deren Größe gleich der Größe des Absenkens der Walze ist.
  11. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Welle (45) der wenigstens einen Walze (44) über ein Zahnradgetriebe (145,147) mit einem Zahnrad (149) verbunden ist, welches den gleichen Durchmesser wie die wenigstens eine Walze (44) aufweist und gezwungen ist, mit einer Umfangsgeschwindigkeit zu rotieren, die gleich der Verfahrgeschwindigkeit des Schlittens (4) ist.
  12. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    das Zahnrad (149), welches dazu gezwungen ist, mit einer Umfangsgeschwindigkeit zu rotieren, welche gleich der Verfahrgeschwindigkeit des Schlittens (4) ist, mit der Eingangswelle (148) des Zahnradgetriebes über eine Freilaufeinrichtung (150) in Eingriff steht, welche es nur während der Rückzugsbewegung des Schlittens mitnimmt.
  13. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    das Zahnradgetriebe (145,147) auf einer Stützeinrichtung (146) frei angeordnet ist, um um die Achse der Bewegungseingangswelle (148) zu schwingen.
  14. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 13,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Stützeinrichtung (146) mit einer Zylinder-Kolben-Einheit (160) verbunden ist, welche ihre Schwing- bzw. Hin- und Herbewegungen beginnend von einem unteren Haltepunkt induziert, dessen Niveau mittels einer Einstellschraube (162) einstellbar ist.
EP98202433A 1997-08-01 1998-07-20 Vorrichtung zur Füllung der Formen in Pressen zur Herstellung von Fliesen und Ausführungsmittel dafür Expired - Lifetime EP0894591B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITRE970056 1997-08-01
IT97RE000056A IT1294941B1 (it) 1997-08-01 1997-08-01 Sistema di caricamento degli stampi delle presse per la formatura di piastrelle e relativi mezzi di attuazione.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0894591A1 EP0894591A1 (de) 1999-02-03
EP0894591B1 true EP0894591B1 (de) 2003-08-20

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EP98202433A Expired - Lifetime EP0894591B1 (de) 1997-08-01 1998-07-20 Vorrichtung zur Füllung der Formen in Pressen zur Herstellung von Fliesen und Ausführungsmittel dafür

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0894591B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE247543T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69817279T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2205375T3 (de)
IT (1) IT1294941B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

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CN102416655A (zh) * 2011-10-26 2012-04-18 严苏景 一种能生产纵横交错纹理效果的陶瓷砖布料方法及其装置

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IT1303927B1 (it) * 1998-03-10 2001-03-01 Lb Officine Meccaniche Spa Metodo di fabbricazione di piastrella decorata,relativo dispositivo di caricamento degli stampi della pressa e piastrella cosi' fabbricata.
IT1311905B1 (it) * 1999-04-02 2002-03-20 Martinelli Ettore Srl Pressa per la produzione di piastrelle con dispositivo di caricamentoa doppio strato.
IT1318322B1 (it) * 2000-02-21 2003-08-25 Lb Officine Meccaniche Spa Dispositivo per il caricamento degli stampi ceramici.
IT1318352B1 (it) * 2000-07-26 2003-08-25 Lb Officine Meccaniche Spa Dispositivo dosatore pneumatico di polvere per il caricamento distampi ceramici.
CN1211191C (zh) * 2001-09-07 2005-07-20 黄国权 陶瓷砖复式布料设备和布料方法及生产的产品
ITRE20010123A1 (it) * 2001-12-20 2003-06-20 Lb Officine Meccaniche Spa Carrello ceramico a doppio caricamento
CN1564729A (zh) * 2002-07-29 2005-01-12 尤斯比奥·莫洛·弗兰科 装饰陶瓷片的方法和设备以及获得的产品
CN1424205A (zh) * 2002-12-31 2003-06-18 徐建 一种陶瓷产品的装饰方法
ITRE20030116A1 (it) * 2003-12-11 2005-06-12 Tecnografica Sistemi Welko S P A Metodo per la fabbricazione di piastrelle dotate di
ITMO20060297A1 (it) * 2006-09-26 2008-03-27 Lb Officine Meccaniche Spa Apparato e lastra
DE102007048694A1 (de) * 2007-10-11 2009-04-23 Hess Maschinenfabrik Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Betonsteinen
ITMI20120614A1 (it) * 2012-04-16 2013-10-17 Gambarelli S R L Apparato per la formatura di lastre ceramiche crude di grande formato
JP2014046506A (ja) * 2012-08-30 2014-03-17 Tiger Machine Seisakusho:Kk コンクリートブロック成形装置用の給材箱
CN102862219B (zh) * 2012-09-28 2014-09-10 广东汇亚陶瓷有限公司 一种瓷质微粉抛光砖的生产方法及设备
CN104118030B (zh) * 2014-07-25 2016-04-06 广西北流市智诚陶瓷自动化科技有限公司 卧式转盘自动压坯装置
CN104358326A (zh) * 2014-11-10 2015-02-18 镇江中化聚氨酯工业设备有限公司 防火保温墙板生产设备及其加工保温墙板的方法
ITUA20164452A1 (it) * 2016-06-16 2017-12-16 System Spa Dispositivo compattatore per la pressatura di manufatti ceramici
CN106827210A (zh) * 2016-12-26 2017-06-13 广东博晖机电有限公司 一种用于陶瓷砖表面图案点阵式布料的方法
CN107553708B (zh) * 2017-03-17 2019-10-01 佛山市三水区广顺自动化设备有限公司 一种格栅布料装置
CN109968508A (zh) * 2019-04-24 2019-07-05 江西斯米克陶瓷有限公司 一种用于陶瓷制造工艺的布料装置
CN113927710A (zh) * 2021-10-29 2022-01-14 衡阳阳光陶瓷有限公司 一种彩砖生产用成型装置
GB2630314A (en) * 2023-05-23 2024-11-27 Coote Engineering Ltd Block making apparatus
CN118386364B (zh) * 2024-05-08 2024-11-22 山东凯大新型材料科技有限公司 一种硅藻土制备包装箱板的加工装置及其使用方法

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IT1214093B (it) * 1987-04-30 1990-01-10 Mass Spa Carrello a doppio caricamento per stampi formatori di piastrelle ceramiche
IT1239147B (it) * 1990-02-26 1993-09-28 L B Officine Meccaniche Carrello a doppio caricamento per stampi ceramici in genere, tipicamente per la fabbricazione di piastrelle pressosmaltate.

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102416655A (zh) * 2011-10-26 2012-04-18 严苏景 一种能生产纵横交错纹理效果的陶瓷砖布料方法及其装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITRE970056A1 (it) 1999-02-01
DE69817279D1 (de) 2003-09-25
ES2205375T3 (es) 2004-05-01
ITRE970056A0 (it) 1997-08-01
ATE247543T1 (de) 2003-09-15
DE69817279T2 (de) 2004-03-25
EP0894591A1 (de) 1999-02-03
IT1294941B1 (it) 1999-04-23

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