Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P5/00—Other features in dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form
  • D06P5/02—After-treatment
  • D06P5/04—After-treatment with organic compounds
  • D06P5/08—After-treatment with organic compounds macromolecular
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
  • C11D3/08—Silicates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
  • C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
  • C11D3/1246—Silicates, e.g. diatomaceous earth
  • C11D3/128—Aluminium silicates, e.g. zeolites
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/37—Polymers
  • C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C11D3/3769—(Co)polymerised monomers containing nitrogen, e.g. carbonamides, nitriles or amines
  • C11D3/3776—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. lactam
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P5/00—Other features in dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form
  • D06P5/02—After-treatment
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
  • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
  • D06P1/52—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing synthetic macromolecular substances
  • D06P1/5207—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06P1/5214—Polymers of unsaturated compounds containing no COOH groups or functional derivatives thereof
  • D06P1/5242—Polymers of unsaturated N-containing compounds
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
  • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
  • D06P1/673—Inorganic compounds
  • D06P1/67383—Inorganic compounds containing silicon
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
  • D06P3/58—Material containing hydroxyl groups
  • D06P3/60—Natural or regenerated cellulose
  • D06P3/66—Natural or regenerated cellulose using reactive dyes

Definitions

• the invention relates to a process for washing off textile dyed with a reactive dye.
• Reactive dyes belong to the most important dyes for dyeing and printing textile on the basis of cellulose fibres. Examples of such dyes are described in the "Colour Index”, Volume 2, third edition, 1971, pages 3391-3562, "Reactive Dyes” and in U.S. patent 5,490,866.
• the amount of hydrolysed dye is about 5-40% of the total amount of dye employed.
• an amount of non-hydrolysed dye may be present which is also non-covalently bonded to the textile.
• wetfastness properties is understood to mean both water-fastness and wash- and sweat-fastness.
• a treatment for removing dye which is non-covalently bonded to textile must be carried out before the textile is subjected to a further treatment or reaches the consumer.
• a treatment is referred to as "washing-off treatment” or “soaping-off treatment”.
• washing-off treatments comprise, inter alia, treatments with surfactants, polyphosphates, polyvinyl pyrrolidone or polymeric acrylates.
• U.S. patent 4,500,320 describes a washing-off treatment in which only a zeolite is used as active substance.
• European patent application 0 382 183 proposes a washing-off treatment with an alkali metal salt of a polyphosphate or a silicate in combination with a salt of a hydroxycarboxylic acid or an aliphatic carboxylic acid polymer.
• silicate preference is given to sodium metasilicate, which is the only silicate for which results are mentioned.
• U.S. patent 5,490,866 describes a washing-off treatment in which a polyvinyl pyrrolidone homopolymer or copolymer is used to remove a non-covalently bonded dye from textile.
• a water softener may be present.
• This water softener is an alkali metal silicate, a zeolite, a carboxylic acid group-containing polymer, a polyphosphate, a polyphosphonate or mixtures thereof.
• the international patent application WO-A-88/07603 describes the use of lamellar silicates charged with quaternary ammonium compounds for the use as soaping-off agent. These are natural bentonite-type swelling lamellar silicates and synthetic lamellar silicates with a smectite-like crystalline phase and large contents of bonded alkali metal.
• U.S. patent 5,378,242 describes an aqueous solution containing an alkali metal hydroxide and an alkali metal silicate as agent for carrying out a soaping-off treatment of cotton.
• the solution may further contain a small amount of a borate.
• the invention therefore relates to a process for washing off textile, on the basis of cellulose fibres, which is dyed with a reactive dye, which comprises using a combination of at least one alkali metal silicate and at least one metal aluminosilicate to remove non-covalently bonded dye.
• Types of textile suitable for being washed off in a process according to the invention are dyed with a reactive dye and based on cellulose fibres.
• cellulose fibres is understood to mean fibres containing an amount of natural or synthetic cellulose. Both materials which only contain cellulose fibres and materials based on mixtures of cellulose and other materials are suitable. These mixtures may contain both mixed fibres and mixtures of fibres. Typical examples of materials that may be present in such a mixture are synthetic organic materials, such as linear polyesters or modified cellulose (cellulose esters). When a mixture of cellulose fibres and other material is used, this mixture must contain sufficient free hydroxyl groups to enable covalent bonding to a reactive dye. The knowledge of an average skilled worker is sufficient to know what minimum amount of cellulose is necessary for what mixtures.
• a textile dyed with a reactive dye selected from the group consisting of hemp, linen, jute, viscose and cotton is washed off.
• the textile may be in any form conventional in the art when it is washed off according to the invention.
• Examples of such forms comprise fibres, yarns, strands, knit or woven cloths and the like.
• strands or cloths of textile based on cellulose fibres are subjected to a soaping-off treatment.
• the textile based on cellulose fibres which is washed off is dyed with one or more reactive dyes.
• This dye may be applied in any known manner, such as by dyeing or printing. Depending on the desired intensity of the colour, a larger amount of dye will be applied to the textile.
• suitable reactive dyes and how to apply them to textile reference is made to the above-mentioned "Colour Index", Volume 2, third edition, 1971, pages 3391-3562, "Reactive Dyes” or to U.S. patent 5,490,866. In itself, any known reactive dye may be used to dye the textile.
• textile dyed with a reactive dye will first be rinsed with water after applying the reactive dye. This is done to remove non-bonded dye as much as possible. Only then will a washing-off treatment according to the invention be carried out to remove non-covalently but adsorptively bonded dye.
• dyed textile of the above-discussed type is washed off using a combination of at least one alkali metal silicate and at least one metal aluminosilicate.
• an alkali metal silicate is understood to mean a compound comprising one or more metals, all of which are selected from the group of alkali metals, and a silicate group.
• the alkali metal of the alkali metal silicate employed is preferably sodium.
• An alkali metal silicate eligible for use in a process according to the invention is preferably a lamellar silicate. More preferably, a disilicate is used. Especially preferred is a ⁇ -disilicate. With such a silicate it has been found that optimum removal of non-covalently bonded dye is obtained.
• alkali metal silicates with which good results are obtained are selected from the group of aqueous silicate solutions, such as solutions of water glass. These silicate solutions are also referred to as liquid silicates.
• aqueous silicate solutions such as solutions of water glass.
• silicate solutions are also referred to as liquid silicates.
• For a general description of silicate solutions reference may be made to Winnacker, Kuchler, Chemische Technologie, Band 3, Anorganische Technologie II, 4 th edition, 1983 and Ullmanns Encyklopedie der ischen Chemie, Band 21, 4 th edition, 1982, pages 409-412.
• a preferred silicate solution is a solution of sodium silicate (x Na 2 O.y SiO 2 , in which x/y is preferably between 30/70 and 70/30, by special preference between 40/60 and 60/40), which is prepared by a hydrothermal process, as described, inter alia, in European patent applications 0 456 655 and 0 380 997. It has been found that the combination of the above solutions of alkali metal silicates and a metal aluminosilicate gives good results when removing non-covalently bonded dye in a washing-off treatment of textile.
• Metal aluminosilicates suitable for use in a washing-off treatment according to the invention are synthetic and natural minerals.
• Examples are zeolites, talc and clays, such as bentonite, montmorrilonite, saponite and the like.
• zeolites such as zeolite A or zeolite P, are preferred.
• a very important property that renders a metal aluminosilicate suitable for use in a process according to the invention is the particle size. This particle size must be small enough to provide a sufficiently large active surface.
• a metal aluminosilicate preferably has a particle size of up to 25 ⁇ m, more preferably up to 10 ⁇ m and most preferably up to 1 ⁇ m.
• an alkali metal silicate and a metal aluminosilicate will normally be used in a mutual weight ratio between 1:9 and 9:1. It has been found that when the mutual weight ratio is between 1:4 and 4:1, preferably between 2:3 and 3:2, the resulting synergistic effect is most favourable. In these mutual ratios the two substances considerably enhance each other's effects when removing non-covalently bonded reactive dye from textile based on cellulose fibres.
• a washing-off agent for a washing-off treatment may contain any conventional additive.
• additives are binders, fillers, emulsifiers, water softeners, perfumes and the like.
• Polyvinyl pyrrolidone has proved to be a very suitable additive which significantly improves the activity of a washing-off agent for a washing-off treatment according to the invention.
• the washing-off agent therefore comprises from 0.5 to 2% by weight, based on the weight of the washing-off agent, PVP having a weight-average molecular weight between 10,000 and 360,000.
• a washing-off agent may be used in solid or liquid form.
• a washing-off agent is used in the form of an aqueous suspension.
• the washing-off agent When using the washing-off agent in liquid form, it will also contain water. Suitable amounts of water are from 40 to 80% by weight, based on the weight of the washing-off agent.
• the washing-off agent In liquid form the washing-off agent will usually also contain a binder, such as xanthane gum, a cellulose thickener or an acrylate thickener.
• the common amounts of additives, apart from water, will usually not exceed 10-15% by weight, based on the weight of the washing-off agent.
• a washing-off treatment according to the invention is carried out in sufficient water, usually in a liquor ratio of 3-20 1 water to 1 kg textile.
• a washing-off agent containing the constituents required by the invention is added to this water.
• the common concentration of the combination of alkali metal silicate and metal aluminosilicate depends on the hardness of the water employed, but will usually range between 0.1 and 10 g/l. It has been found that at higher concentrations a progressive removal of non-covalently bonded dye is obtained. Usually, however, the above concentration will not exceed 1 g/l, because above this concentration the effect of the progressive removal of non-covalently bonded dye is outweighed by the higher costs of using more washing-off agent.
• the washing-off treatment itself may then be carried out in any known manner.
• the temperature will range between 80°C and 98°C. It is preferred, however, to work at a higher temperature, e.g. between 90°C and 110°C. It will be clear that higher temperatures and longer washing-off times give better results. In each individual case a skilled worker will be capable of determining what temperatures and times are most favourable, both from a standpoint of costs and from a standpoint of quality.
• the textile After the washing-off treatment the textile will be rinsed a number of times to remove all the remnants of dye and washing-off agent. Finally, the textile may be dried.
• a phthalocyanide dye namely C.I. Reactive Blue 41, was completely reacted with caustic soda in the hydrolysed form. To this end, 2.5 g of the dye were dissolved together with 2 ml NaOH 38° Baumé in 1 l water. The resulting solution was stirred for 1 hour at 98°C.
• the dyed cloths were each individually washed for 20 minutes at 98°C with an undyed but otherwise identical cloth. 10 parts by weight of water were used per 1 part by weight of cotton.
• the amount of plus or minus signs indicates respectively a larger or a smaller degree. According as more plus signs are mentioned for the degree of removal of hydrolysed dye, a larger part of the hydrolysed dye has been removed. According as more minus signs are mentioned for the degree of bleeding, the co-washed undyed cloth has changed its colour less after the washing treatment.
• Example II The same procedure as in Example I was repeated, with the difference that the dye employed was C.I. Reactive Red 141 and that the cloths were soaked in a solution having a concentration of 10 g/l hydrolysed dye. After dyeing the cloths each contained 1.0% by weight, based on the weight of the dyed cloth, of the hydrolysed dye.
• the amount of plus or minus signs indicates respectively a larger or a smaller degree. According as more plus signs are mentioned for the degree of removal of hydrolysed dye, a larger part of the hydrolysed dye has been removed. According as more minus signs are mentioned for the degree of bleeding, the co-washed undyed cloth has changed its colour less after the washing treatment.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Coloring (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)

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Cited By (2)

Citations (10)

• 1997
  • 1997-07-31 NL NL1006703A patent/NL1006703C2/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1998
  • 1998-07-31 EP EP98202592A patent/EP0894890A1/de not_active Withdrawn

Patent Citations (11)

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