EP0897086A2 - Procédé de détermination du rayonnement moyen d'un lit de combustion dans un système d'incinération et la commande du processus de la combustion - Google Patents

Procédé de détermination du rayonnement moyen d'un lit de combustion dans un système d'incinération et la commande du processus de la combustion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0897086A2
EP0897086A2 EP98112509A EP98112509A EP0897086A2 EP 0897086 A2 EP0897086 A2 EP 0897086A2 EP 98112509 A EP98112509 A EP 98112509A EP 98112509 A EP98112509 A EP 98112509A EP 0897086 A2 EP0897086 A2 EP 0897086A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiation
area
temperature
average
partial areas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98112509A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0897086A3 (fr
EP0897086B1 (fr
Inventor
Johannes Josef Edmund Dipl.-Ing. Martin
Walter J. Dipl.-Ing. Martin
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Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik
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Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik
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Publication of EP0897086A2 publication Critical patent/EP0897086A2/fr
Publication of EP0897086A3 publication Critical patent/EP0897086A3/fr
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Publication of EP0897086B1 publication Critical patent/EP0897086B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/08—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
    • F23N5/082—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
    • F23G2207/101—Arrangement of sensing devices for temperature
    • F23G2207/1015—Heat pattern monitoring of flames
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/55—Controlling; Monitoring or measuring
    • F23G2900/55009—Controlling stoker grate speed or vibrations for waste movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2229/00—Flame sensors
    • F23N2229/20—Camera viewing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determining the average radiation and that associated with this radiation Average temperature of a flat area Burning bed using infrared camera or thermography camera in incinerators and control of the incineration process at least in the observed area this incinerator.
  • the object of the invention is a method of the above specified type so that the interference by Flame radiation, radiation of those present in the exhaust gases Gases and solid-state radiation of soot particles and the like. Largely be excluded.
  • This task is based on a process of the beginning explained type solved according to the invention in that the Measurement is limited to a waveband that the Corresponds to the minimum of the disturbing gases above the combustion bed, that the area to be recorded is in an area grid is divided with several sub-areas that in one Period in which in the area to be recorded the burning bed as still and the radiation or temperature of the burning bed can be assumed to be almost constant multiple images taken in time be that by comparing the images of a period of time the sub-areas with each other with a radiation of static radiation media from the partial areas with a Radiation from moving radiation media can be distinguished and that to calculate the average radiation or the average temperature of the surface area only the radiation or temperature of the partial areas of the radiation of stationary radiation media are taken into account.
  • the invention thus makes two fundamental considerations Use, the one basic idea of which is through Spectral analysis the radiation intensity at least the most most common gases, the minimum to determine this radiation intensity of the gases and the used measuring device in the form of infrared cameras or To tune thermographic cameras to this waveband, in order to eliminate most of the disruptive gas radiation.
  • the second basic idea is that the between Combustion bed and measuring device existing radiation, e.g. of solid particles, in particular of soot or individual gas components, thereby eliminating that you have several images of one divided into an area grid Area in short time intervals and thereby those partial areas of the area grid for the averaging is eliminated, the strong fluctuations are subject.
  • Such parameters can be: the total amount of air supplied to the combustion process, the Amount of primary air, the air volume distribution in the primary air, the oxygen concentration of the primary air, the temperature the primary combustion air, the fuel feed quantity overall or on certain sections of the grate related, the stoking speed of the entire grate, the local stoking speed of the grate etc.
  • a time period can be 0.1 to 5 seconds.
  • the mean of the averages is 5 successive periods of time.
  • the area to be observed should be at least 1m 2 and be divided into an area grid with at least 10 partial areas.
  • the area grid corresponds to the primary air zones of the grate area that is active for the combustion.
  • the method according to the invention is also particularly suitable advantageous for checking the proper Operation of a grate. For this, at strongly from Average value of a period of time deviating radiation values or temperature values of individual partial areas Radiation or temperature values of the corresponding sub-areas observed over several periods and the corresponding Images of the partial areas with regard to deviations with one another compared. So if a certain sub area over always an average of several times has a significantly different value, for example has a much too high temperature, this can be due to a mechanical defect and a related one indicate poorly distributed air supply. If in contrast an area the temperature is constantly too low, so this is due to constipation and therefore much too low Indicate primary air supply.
  • the infrared camera or thermographic camera used is equipped with filters so that it works in a wave range of 3.5 to 4 ⁇ m. In this area, the emission strength of the gases that normally occur in a furnace is a minimum. These are the gases CO 2 , CO and water vapor.
  • the soot which cannot always be avoided, has a lower value in this wavelength range than in the lower wavelength range, but it does represent a considerable source of interference, which is eliminated with the aid of the procedural measures explained at the beginning.
  • the evaluation device downstream of the camera with a fuzzy control system is set up in such a way that the images or the measurement signals obtained are fuzzified, subjected to an inference process and then defuzzified.
  • the result is a relative quality of the image information that comes very close to the actual state of the surface of the burner bed.
  • a threshold is set in the software, below which an infrared image is defined as no longer usable. The radiation information or temperature information obtained is passed on above this threshold without further evaluation of the image quality. If the image quality is poor, for example for more than two minutes, the image control loops override the camera control loops and then reactivate them. This is to prevent that, due to bad images, regulation takes place which does not correspond to the actual conditions. This can be the case, for example, if excessive soot development, which practically forms a gap-free layer between the separating bed and the infrared camera, occurs "Look through this layer because of missing Window "does not allow usable image evaluation. Such states are only of short duration and, in addition, such states can be avoided by arranging several infrared cameras which are directed at the combustion bed from different angles.
  • the furnace grate 1 comprises individual grate levels 7, which in turn formed from individual, adjacent grate bars are. Every second grate level of the designed as a push-back grate Firing grate is marked with a total of 8 Drive connected, which allows the stoking speed adjust. Below the grate 1 are subdivided in both the longitudinal and transverse directions Underwind chambers 9.1 to 9.5 are provided, which are separated supplied with primary air via individual lines 10.1 to 10.5 become. At the end of the grate, the burned out falls Slag via a slag roller 25 into a slag chute 11, in which possibly also the heavier ones, in the lower one Reversing space 12 solid particles separated from the exhaust gas reach.
  • an infrared camera 22 In the ceiling 21, which closes off the upper reversal space 5 an infrared camera 22 is mounted, which has a device 23 is connected, which is used to evaluate the received Images, formation of a controlled variable and output of control commands for the various furnishing systems serves to influence the combustion process. At 23 is thus referred to an evaluation and control device.
  • the heaped up bed and the burning bed 24 fuel is pre-dried through the downwind zone 9.1 and the radiation in the combustion chamber warmed and ignited.
  • the area of the underwind zones 9.2 and 9.3 is the main fire zone, while in the area of the downwind zone 9.4 and 9.5 the slag that forms burns out and then got into the slag chute.
  • the one from the burning bed rising gases still contain combustible parts that by supplying secondary air through the rows of secondary air nozzles 13 to 15 are completely burned.
  • actuators are shown in schematic form in Figure 1 indicated, with 29 the actuator for Influencing the rust speed, with 30 the adjusting device for influencing the speed of the slag roller, at 31, the control device for influencing the grate speeds regarding different courses, with 32 the Setting device for the switch-on and switch-off frequency or the Speed of the feed piston, at 33 the actuating device for setting the primary air volume, with 34 the control device for adjusting the composition of the Primary air in terms of oxygen content and with 35 die Actuator for setting the temperature of an air preheater are designated for the primary air.
  • the infrared camera 22 and its orientation on the burning bed is shown.
  • FIG. 2 it is examined how the radiation behavior of the gases and solid particles encountered in the combustion chamber 3 is developed. According to FIG. 2, it is found that there is a minimum of infrared radiation for the gases CO 2 , CO and H 2 O occurring in high concentrations in the wave range between 3.5 and 4 ⁇ m due to the drying and combustion reaction of the fuel. Accordingly, the infrared camera is equipped with a wavelength-selective filter that works in the minimum of these interfering gases, ie in the range from 3.5 to 4 ⁇ m. It can also be seen from FIG.
  • FIG. 3 shows an area monitored by an infrared camera, which is subdivided into 25 partial areas according to an area grid.
  • the dark sub-areas represent those areas that have a significantly higher radiation intensity and thus a higher temperature than the light sub-areas. The reason for this is that the surface of the combustion bed is relatively cool compared to the gas atmosphere above. If one now considers FIG. 4, it is found that other partial areas have this high radiation intensity or temperature.
  • FIG. 4 shows a recording which was taken a few tenths of a second later and thus captures those changes which can occur within this short period of time. If it is found that there is a different radiation or temperature distribution in FIG. 4 than in FIG.
  • the partial area observed by an infrared camera corresponds to the area that occupies at least two underwind zones up to 15 underwind zones.
  • the area of an underwind zone area is about 2-4 m 2 , this area then being divided according to the actually existing primary air zones observed by the camera and then each of these image segments corresponding to a primary air zone for evaluation in accordance with the explanations in connection with the figures 3 to 5 is divided into approx. 25 subareas. This subdivision and the specified time intervals for two consecutive recordings have proven to be sufficient in connection with a firing system with sliding grate to determine the combustion bed temperature.
  • Control variables serve to influence the individual control devices, as shown in a schematic overview is shown in Figure 6. According to this, the control device 23 the adjusting devices for the grate speed 29 influenced up to the temperature in the air preheater 35 that has already been specified above.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)
  • Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
EP98112509A 1997-08-13 1998-07-06 Procédé de détermination du rayonnement moyen d'un lit de combustion dans un système d'incinération et la commande du processus de la combustion Expired - Lifetime EP0897086B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19735139A DE19735139C1 (de) 1997-08-13 1997-08-13 Verfahren zum Ermitteln der durchschnittlichen Strahlung eines Brennbettes in Verbrennungsanlagen und Regelung des Verbrennungsvorganges
DE19735139 1997-08-13

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0897086A2 true EP0897086A2 (fr) 1999-02-17
EP0897086A3 EP0897086A3 (fr) 2001-03-14
EP0897086B1 EP0897086B1 (fr) 2002-06-05

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EP98112509A Expired - Lifetime EP0897086B1 (fr) 1997-08-13 1998-07-06 Procédé de détermination du rayonnement moyen d'un lit de combustion dans un système d'incinération et la commande du processus de la combustion

Country Status (16)

Country Link
US (1) US5890444A (fr)
EP (1) EP0897086B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3111177B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE218688T1 (fr)
BR (1) BR9803742B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2244704C (fr)
CZ (1) CZ291661B6 (fr)
DE (2) DE19735139C1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0897086T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2176860T3 (fr)
NO (1) NO313215B1 (fr)
PL (1) PL327965A1 (fr)
PT (1) PT897086E (fr)
RU (1) RU2144645C1 (fr)
SG (1) SG63854A1 (fr)
TW (1) TW357247B (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1441177A1 (fr) * 2003-01-22 2004-07-28 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH Procédé pour reconnaítre et identifier des zônes de combustion
EP1850069A1 (fr) * 2006-04-25 2007-10-31 Powitec Intelligent Technologies GmbH Procédé pour réguler un procédé de combustion
WO2008034508A1 (fr) * 2006-09-20 2008-03-27 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Procédé de caractérisation de la qualité de combustion des gaz d'échappement dans des installations de combustion

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NL1014515C2 (nl) * 1999-06-04 2000-12-06 Tno Systeem voor continue thermische verbranding van materie zoals afval.
WO2001065178A1 (fr) * 2000-02-28 2001-09-07 Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno Systeme de combustion thermique de matiere, telle que des dechets
DE10058762B4 (de) * 2000-11-27 2005-03-10 Martin Umwelt & Energietech Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben von Verbrennungsanlagen
US6497187B2 (en) * 2001-03-16 2002-12-24 Gas Technology Institute Advanced NOX reduction for boilers
HK1036735A2 (en) * 2001-08-24 2001-12-21 卢冠均 An interlinked synthetic garbage incinerator
DE10347340A1 (de) * 2003-10-11 2005-05-19 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Optimierung des Abgasausbrandes in Verbrennungsanlagen
DE102005020328B4 (de) * 2005-04-30 2008-04-30 Rag Aktiengesellschaft Temperaturmessung in Verkokungsöfen mittels einer Wärmebildkamera und Steuerungsvorrichtung hierfür
JP4688720B2 (ja) * 2006-04-24 2011-05-25 日立造船株式会社 放射エネルギー検出時における外乱判別方法およびこの判別方法を用いた温度計測方法
US20110039216A1 (en) * 2008-04-22 2011-02-17 Basf Se Process for controlling the addition of an auxiliary fuel
JP2010250516A (ja) * 2009-04-15 2010-11-04 Nec Access Technica Ltd 監視システム、監視方法、監視カメラ装置、中央監視装置及びプログラム
JP5574475B2 (ja) * 2009-09-16 2014-08-20 新日鉄住金エンジニアリング株式会社 廃棄物溶融処理方法および廃棄物溶融処理装置
JP5510782B2 (ja) * 2009-09-16 2014-06-04 新日鉄住金エンジニアリング株式会社 廃棄物溶融処理方法および廃棄物溶融処理装置
US8714970B2 (en) * 2009-09-21 2014-05-06 Kailash & Stefan Pty Ltd Combustion control system
TWI421721B (zh) * 2010-12-09 2014-01-01 Ind Tech Res Inst 燃燒火焰診斷方法
JP5804255B2 (ja) * 2011-07-13 2015-11-04 東京電力株式会社 透過部材
CN105042599A (zh) * 2015-06-18 2015-11-11 惠州东江威立雅环境服务有限公司 焚烧炉回转窑安全监控及应急处理方法
WO2017058832A1 (fr) * 2015-09-28 2017-04-06 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Systèmes de surveillance et de commande de brûleur
AU2016412713B2 (en) 2016-06-28 2023-02-02 Schlumberger Technology B.V. Well testing systems and methods with mobile monitoring
GB201620863D0 (en) * 2016-12-08 2017-01-25 Land Instr Int Ltd Control system for furnace
JP7256016B2 (ja) * 2019-01-25 2023-04-11 日立造船株式会社 予測モデル生成装置、予測モデル生成装置による予測モデル生成方法、及び予測装置
DE102020000980A1 (de) 2020-02-14 2021-08-19 Martin GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Feuerungsanlage
DE102023134832A1 (de) * 2023-12-12 2025-06-12 SiO2 Ventures GmbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbesserung des Wirkungsgrads und/oder der Reduzierung der Feinstaubbildung einer Verbrennung
CN119827698B (zh) * 2024-12-10 2025-12-05 大连理工大学 高压储氢气瓶泄放火焰辐射危险评估方法及燃烧装置
CN120254162B (zh) * 2025-06-05 2025-08-08 中国矿业大学 一种基于光谱和火焰成像的生物质燃烧原位测量方法

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DE3904272A1 (de) 1989-02-14 1990-08-23 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Verfahren zum erfassen der von mindestens zwei raeumlich getrennten stellen eines verbrennungsprozesses ausgehenden strahlung und regeln des verbrennungsvorganges in abhaengigkeit von der erfassten strahlung und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1441177A1 (fr) * 2003-01-22 2004-07-28 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH Procédé pour reconnaítre et identifier des zônes de combustion
EP1850069A1 (fr) * 2006-04-25 2007-10-31 Powitec Intelligent Technologies GmbH Procédé pour réguler un procédé de combustion
US7637735B2 (en) 2006-04-25 2009-12-29 Powitec Intelligent Technologies Gmbh Procedure for regulating a combustion process
KR101390917B1 (ko) * 2006-04-25 2014-04-30 스티그 포위텍 게엠베하 연소 프로세스를 조절하기 위한 방법
WO2008034508A1 (fr) * 2006-09-20 2008-03-27 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Procédé de caractérisation de la qualité de combustion des gaz d'échappement dans des installations de combustion
US8447068B2 (en) 2006-09-20 2013-05-21 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Method for characterizing the exhaust gas burn-off quality in combustion systems

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5890444A (en) 1999-04-06
EP0897086A3 (fr) 2001-03-14
SG63854A1 (en) 1999-03-30
CA2244704C (fr) 1999-11-30
DE59804291D1 (de) 2002-07-11
NO983679D0 (no) 1998-08-11
ATE218688T1 (de) 2002-06-15
BR9803742A (pt) 1999-11-09
NO313215B1 (no) 2002-08-26
JP3111177B2 (ja) 2000-11-20
DK0897086T3 (da) 2002-09-30
CZ251498A3 (cs) 1999-03-17
CZ291661B6 (cs) 2003-04-16
BR9803742B1 (pt) 2012-01-10
JPH11118146A (ja) 1999-04-30
RU2144645C1 (ru) 2000-01-20
PL327965A1 (en) 1999-02-15
PT897086E (pt) 2002-11-29
ES2176860T3 (es) 2002-12-01
DE19735139C1 (de) 1999-02-25
NO983679L (no) 1999-02-15
EP0897086B1 (fr) 2002-06-05
TW357247B (en) 1999-05-01

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