EP0900672B1 - Verfahren zum Lackieren von verschiedenen Gegenständen unter Verwendung von Pulverlacken, durch das Verfahren hergestellte lackierte Produkte und zugehörige Vorrichtung - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Lackieren von verschiedenen Gegenständen unter Verwendung von Pulverlacken, durch das Verfahren hergestellte lackierte Produkte und zugehörige Vorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0900672B1
EP0900672B1 EP98114770A EP98114770A EP0900672B1 EP 0900672 B1 EP0900672 B1 EP 0900672B1 EP 98114770 A EP98114770 A EP 98114770A EP 98114770 A EP98114770 A EP 98114770A EP 0900672 B1 EP0900672 B1 EP 0900672B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
powder
paint
peening
process according
beads
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP98114770A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0900672A2 (de
EP0900672A3 (de
Inventor
Silvio Pozzoli
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ITALFINISH S.R.L.
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ITALFINISH Srl
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
    • B05D1/12—Applying particulate materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
    • B05D5/061—Special surface effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44D—PAINTING OR ARTISTIC DRAWING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PRESERVING PAINTINGS; SURFACE TREATMENT TO OBTAIN SPECIAL ARTISTIC SURFACE EFFECTS OR FINISHES
    • B44D2/00—Special techniques in artistic painting or drawing, e.g. oil painting, water painting, pastel painting, relief painting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44D—PAINTING OR ARTISTIC DRAWING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PRESERVING PAINTINGS; SURFACE TREATMENT TO OBTAIN SPECIAL ARTISTIC SURFACE EFFECTS OR FINISHES
    • B44D3/00—Accessories or implements for use in connection with painting or artistic drawing, not otherwise provided for; Methods or devices for colour determination, selection, or synthesis, e.g. use of colour tables

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for painting with powder paints various objects and artefacts, made of materials either conductive or non conductive, such as metal, glass, ceramic and like materials.
  • the invention also relates to the so obtained painted products and the apparatus for carrying out said process.
  • powder paints are produced by mixing the semi-fluid state resins in a one or double-screw extruder together with hardeners, pigments and the most suitable additives.
  • the scales are ground by a mechanical system (for instance, a pin type mill) until a powder is obtained having a controlled particle size.
  • a mechanical system for instance, a pin type mill
  • the average particle size of the powders obtained by the aforesaid process is usually comprised between 10 and 100 ⁇ (preferably, between 40 and 80 ⁇ ), as greater or smaller size powder particles may create severe application problems that cause the application process to be not economical.
  • thermoplastic or thermosetting powder paints takes place by an electrostatic process or by pre-heating the object.
  • Electrostatic painting takes place by electrically charging the powder particles by means of the electric field generated by an electrode and a high-voltage generator, or by triboelectricity due to the rubbing of the powder particles on surfaces of suitable materials.
  • the object to be painted must be a good earthen conductor; in this case, the electrostatically charged powder particles adhere to the object to be painted, coating it uniformly until the deposited layer prevents a further deposition by electrically insulating the object.
  • Another commonly used system is heat-painting which takes place by pre-heating the object to be painted to a temperature sufficiently high to allow the start of the melting of the powder paint.
  • powder paints having an average particle size of about 40-80 ⁇ , and controllable paint thicknesses of about 50-60 ⁇ in the case of electrostatic system or higher than 100 ⁇ , up to some hundred microns in the case of heat-painting.
  • a final firing is usually provided, for instance with hot air for fixed times (180-200°C for 20 min), to stabilise the finishing following the resin cross-linking with hardeners in the case of thermosetting powders.
  • thermoplastic powders instead, for thermoplastic powders, a firing temperature proportional to the melting point of the thermoplastic resin used is necessary.
  • GB-A-2 194 178 which consists in bombarding with an air gun, on smooth plastic materials or ceramics, a mixture of dry powder paint and of fine abrasive material, such as aluminium oxide powder.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a powder painting process allowing to obtain paint layers of any desired thickness, from thicknesses lower than 10 ⁇ to some hundred microns, homogeneous and with a perfectly controlled final thickness, and allowing also to realise multilayer coatings and/or mixed coatings.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide objects or artefacts powder painted to low paint thicknesses, even lower than 10 ⁇ , but coating completely and without solution of continuity the surface to be painted.
  • Another object is to provide an apparatus allowing to carry out such process.
  • said paint powder is intimately pre-mixed with said peening powder material and the so obtained mixture is projected against the surface to be painted by compressed air, centrifugal rotors or the like.
  • the compressed air used is dry, separated from oil, and at a pressure comprised between 1 and 50 atm, preferably between 6 and 10 atm.
  • said peening material has substantially the shape of beads having a diameter comprised between 10 ⁇ and 500 ⁇ , preferably between 100 ⁇ and 200 ⁇ , and a specific weight greater than the specific weight of the particles of the paint powder to be applied to the surface to be painted.
  • Said peening powder material is constituted by beads preferably from glass, steel, bronze or other materials known and utilisable to carry out peening, according to the type of powder paint used and/or the material which the artefact to be painted is made from.
  • the powder paint to be applied has a specific weight lower than 2,45 and a particle size comprised between 1 and 300 ⁇ , preferably between 10 ⁇ and 100 ⁇ ;
  • the peening particles are substantially spherical, made from glass, and have a specific weight higher than 2,45 and a harness of at least 5,5 Mohs and a diameter comprised between 10 ⁇ and 500 ⁇ , preferably between 100 ⁇ and 200 ⁇ .
  • the particles may be also from metal or other materials, provided they have a specific weight higher than that of the powder to be applied, for instance alloy steel with a specific weight higher than 5,585 and a diameter comprised between 10 ⁇ and 500 ⁇ , preferably between 100 ⁇ and 200 ⁇ .
  • the weight ratio between said paint powder and said peening material in said mixture is comprised between 1:100 and 50:100, preferably between 5:100 and 30:100.
  • the powder overspray and said peening material are suitably collected, separated from one another by screening, ventilation or the like, and re-used in said application step.
  • a further surface pre-treatment step consisting in a chemical conversion according to known means or anodic oxidation may be advantageously introduced between said surface preparation step and said powder paint layer application step.
  • the powder particles are adhered to the support by mechanically supplied energy.
  • the powder particles are squashed on the surface to be coated while being at the same time partly melt by the heat generated by the impact.
  • any type of powder paint may be used by the process according to the invention to produce coatings ready for firing, with thicknesses ranging from a few microns to hundreds microns.
  • the powder yield may reach 90-95%, while treatment times may range from a few seconds to some minutes.
  • a particular characteristic of the process is the possibility of realising multilayer coatings or homogeneous coatings starting from powder mixtures.
  • thermosetting and thermoplastic powders may be sequentially used for multilayer coatings or in admixture for mixed coatings.
  • the co-deposition coatings are acquiring an always increasing acceptance as they may be easily adapted to the most different problems of protection against corrosion, modification of surface properties or also only to ensure a better adhesion to a finishing coat.
  • the process according to the invention can be adapted to the continuous treatment of either long objects such as tubes or extruded products or flat surfaces such as sheets and coils.
  • the process may be used for metal parts from iron, cast iron, brass or aluminium, in the form of cast, extruded or laminated objects.
  • oil-, grease or oxide-dirt parts are cleaned before the pre-treatment with organic solvents, alkaline degreasers, mechanical brushing or sandblasting.
  • the shape and composition of the peening material affects both the effectiveness of the process and the quality of the coating and its cost.
  • the particles of said material are generally spherical, as they ensure in this manner a better spreading effect of the paint powder on the surfaces to be painted, have a better resistance to impact and therefore a longer average life.
  • the sizes of holes, cavities and internal radiuses of the parts to be treated determine the shape and size of the peening material. Generally, one or two different mixtures are sufficient to treat the majority of objects.
  • the mixture transported by compressed air is projected or sprayed through a suitable dispenser on the surfaces to be coated and therefore all what does not reach the target is collected on the bottom of the painting cabin.
  • the mixture recovered from the bottom of the cabin in conveyed to a sieve which separates the two fractions, sending them to the respective storage tanks.
  • a conventional fluid bed tank or a vibrating or mechanically stirred tank is used to mix the recovered powder and the fresh powder to be conveyed to the application dispenser, while for the peening material a feed-valve pressure tank is preferably used.
  • the percent peening powder included in the mixture to be sprayed depends on the surface to be coated, the process time and the final thickness desired. Amount of powder necessary to obtain a known coating thickness on a pre-defined area type of powder specific weight and powder weight in g/ ⁇ /m 2 epoxy with pigments and fillers 1.7 transparent polyester 1.3 Teflon 2.2
  • One of the main advantages of the process according to the invention lies in that the thickness of the coating may be rendered partly independent on the treatment time by suitably controlling the percent peening powder added to the mixture.
  • a mixture containing 10% painting powder and 90% peening powder by volume, projected by a 6 bar compressed air gun, at a distance of 20 cm from the object to be treated, can cover 1 dm 2 of surface with 10 ⁇ of paint in less than 2 minutes.
  • multilayer coatings may be obtained wherein the different powders spread into each other, so as to ensure after the firing the best possible adhesion.
  • This characteristic is particularly important when Teflon or PVDF powders are used which usually wet the substrate only slightly and have therefore a poor adhesion.
  • the coating morphology or structure obtained by the process according to the invention seem generally rather different relatively to those known for powder paints.
  • the coating appears to be constituted by discrete powder particles, which however are molten one on top of the other and smashed on the surface of the object to be painted, by effect of the impact of the peening powder, until a continuous structure is obtained.
  • This flat particle structure is particularly interesting as it allows to obtain very thin continuous layers also starting from painting powders having a markedly higher average diameter.
  • the coating may show different properties according to the firing type chosen.
  • the parameters chosen for the firing are such as to ensure a good cross-linking of the thermosetting component of the coating - without however reaching the melting temperature of the thermoplastic component - uniformity cannot be as good as it is in the case of a firing temperature higher than the melting temperature of the thermoplastic component.
  • An apparatus for carrying out the process according to the present invention comprises:
  • the operating parameter of the process are bound to the characteristics of the painting product and the peening material used.
  • Compressed air is used within a range of between 2 and 10 bar, and a gun can deliver 40 to 50 kg product per hour (about 8-10 kg product per hour).
  • the dispenser may be fixed, oscillating or mounted on pump bobs.
  • the overspray problem is not as important as in conventional painting systems with powder paints, as the dispensers are much nearer to the objects to be treated and the cloud size is much more reduced.
  • an overspray recovery system with final filtration is necessary to reduce any type of pollution of air exiting the application cabin.
  • the dosage of the flow of said two powders is made independently from one another and therefore their mutual rate may be suitably adjusted according to need.
  • the storing tanks for the paint powder and the peening material may be fed either fresh products or recovery products coming from the overspray collected in the application cabin, said collected overspray being conveyed to a mechanical screening using a screen having suitably sized meshes, so as to separate the recovery powder paint from the peening beads,
  • the object to be painted is kept in a painting cabin at a distance from the dispenser comprised between 10 and 1000 mm, preferably between 100 and 200 mm.
  • both fresh powder and overspray recovery powder coming from the painting cabin are stored. Paint is conveyed to dispenser 3 by means of the pneumatic transport system 2. Bead peening powder is stored in the pressurised container/tank 4, which is provided with feed and exhaust valve. Through the pneumatic transport system 5, the peening material is conveyed to the spray-type dispenser 3, which combines the flow of both materials in a uniform cloud 9 transported at the pre-fixed speed by means of compressed air and projected against surface 10 of the object to be painted, contained within the painting cabin 7.
  • a recovery device consisting of a vibrating sieve 8 that provides to separating the powder paint that has not been utilised from beads; the non utilised paint and the beads are conveyed by gravity to the respective storing tanks.
  • a rotary valve 11 As bead tank is pressurised, feeding is through a rotary valve 11.
  • a control board with a mechanical or electronic programmer (not shown in the figure) is also provided which allows to pre-fix work and time conditions.
  • the working cycle comprises the following steps:

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  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)

Claims (19)

  1. Verfahren zum Lackieren von verschiedenen Gegenständen unter Verwendung von Pulverlacken, umfassend die folgenden Schritte:
    Vorbereitung der Oberfläche des Gegenstandes für die Lackierung durch Entfetten mit geeigneten Lösungsmitteln, Bürsten, Sandstrahlen oder dergleichen gemäß bekannten Verfahren und als Funktion der letztendlich geforderten Gebrauchseigenschaften;
    Auftragen von zumindest einer Schicht Pulverlack auf die zu lackierende Oberfläche, das durch druckbeaufschlagtes Aufsprühen des genannten Pulverlackes in Verbindung mit einem Pulvermaterial erfolgt, welches im wesentlichen ein Aufprallmaterial ist;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es den weiteren Schritt einer Brennbehandlung und/oder Polymerisierens der auf diese Weise aufgetragenen Pulverlackschicht bei einer geeigneten Temperatur mittels Hitze, Strahlung oder dergleichen umfasst.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das genannte Lackpulver innig mit dem genannten Aufprallmaterialpulver vorgemischt wird und dass die auf diese Weise entstandene Mischung auf die zu lackierende Oberfläche mittels Druckluft, Zentrifugenrotoren und dergleichen gespritzt wird.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte Druckluft trocken und/oder entölt ist und dass deren Druck zwischen 1 und 50 atm liegt.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das genannte Aufprallmaterial im wesentlichen in Form von Kügelchen mit einem Durchmesser zwischen 10 µm und 500µm vorliegt und ein spezifisches Gewicht aufweist, das größer ist als das spezifische Gewicht des aufzutragenden Lackpulvers.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das genannte Aufprallmaterial aus Kügelchen besteht, die vorzugsweise aus Glas, Stahl, Bronze oder anderen bekannten Werkstoffen sind und die in Abhängigkeit von der Art des verwendeten Lackpulvers und/oder des Werkstoffs, aus dem der zu lackierende Gegenstand besteht, für den Einsatz als Aufprallmaterial geeignet sind.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der aufzutragende Pulverlack ein spezifisches Gewicht von unter 2,45 hat und eine Partikelgröße aufweist, die im Bereich zwischen 1 und 300 µm liegt.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Partikel, aus denen das Aufprallmaterial besteht, im wesentlichen kugelförmig und aus Glas sind, ein spezifisches Gewicht von mehr als 2,45 und eine Härte von mindestens 5,5 Mohs aufweisen sowie einen Durchmesser haben, der zwischen 10 und 500 µm liegt.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Partikel oder Kügelchen, aus denen das genannte Aufprallmaterial besteht, ein größeres spezifisches Gewicht als das spezifische Gewicht der Lackpulverpartikel haben und aus Legierungsstahl bestehen, der ein spezifisches Gewicht von mehr als 5,58 hat und einen Durchmesser aufweist, der zwischen 10 und 500 µm liegt.
  9. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass während des Schrittes des Auftragens das Gewichtsverhältnis zwischen dem genannten Lackpulver und dem genannten Aufprallmaterial in der genannten Mischung in einem Bereich zwischen 1 : 100 und 50 : 100 liegt.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass, nachdem das Auftragen erfolgt ist, das Overspray-Lackpulver und das genannte Aufprallmaterial in geeigneter Weise aufgefangen, durch Siebung, Luftzirkulation oder dergleichen von einander getrennt und in dem genannten Auftragungsschritt erneut verwendet werden.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in dem Fall, wo der genannte Gegenstand aus Aluminium oder Aluminiumlegierung besteht, ein weiterer Oberflächen-Vorbehandlungsschritt, bestehend aus einer chemischen Oxidation mit Hilfe von bekannten Mitteln oder einer anodischen Oxidation, in vorteilhafter Weise zwischen dem genannten Schritt der Oberflächenvorbereitung und dem genannten Schritt des Auftragens der Pulverlackschicht zwischengeschaltet werden kann.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwei oder mehr übereinanderliegende Lackpulverschichten nacheinander aufgetragen werden, um mehrschichtige Lackierungen herzustellen.
  13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das genannte Lackpulver aus einer Mischung aus wärmehärtbaren und thermoplastischen Pulverlacken besteht, um homogen gemischte Lackschichten zu erhalten.
  14. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1, 2 und 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch geeignete Regulierung der Mengen von Pulverlack und/oder Aufprallmaterialpulver und/oder der Luftstromvolumina die Dosierung der Ströme der genannten zwei Pulver unabhängig voneinander vorgenommen wird und deshalb ihr Verhältnis zueinander in Übereinstimmung mit den jeweiligen Erfordernissen eingestellt werden kann.
  15. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie folgendes umfasst:
    einen Behälter/Tank (1) für Pulverlacke, in denen sowohl frische als auch Overspray-Lacke gelagert werden,
    ein pneumatisches Fördersystem (2) für Pulverlacke von dem genannten Behälter zu einer Auftragsvorrichtung (3),
    einen Behälter/Tank (4) für das aus Kügelchen bestehende Aufprallmaterial, der unter Druck gehalten wird und mit einem Ein- und Ausströmventil versehen ist.
    ein pneumatisches Fördersystem (5) für die genannten Aufprallkügelchen vom Behälter (4) zur Auftragsvorrichtung (3),
    eine Sprüh-Auftragsvorrichtung (3), die den Pulverlackstrom mit den genannten Aufprallkügelchen zu einem gleichförmigen Nebel vermischt, der bei einer gewünschten Geschwindigkeit mittels Druckluft transportiert wird,
    ein Produktions-, Lager- und Meßsystem für trockene und entölte Druckluft, welches das Transportmedium für den genannten Pulverlack und die genannten Kügelchen von den jeweiligen Behältern (1, 4) zu der Auftragsvorrichtung (3) bildet,
    ein Rückgewinnungssystem, das am Boden der Lackierkabine (7) mit einem Vibrationssieb (8) versehen ist, das für die Trennung des nicht verwendeten Pulverlackes von den Kügelchen sorgt, die beide zu ihren jeweiligen Lagerbehältern zurückgeführt werden, wobei der genannte unter Druck stehende Lagerbehälter für die genannten Kügelchen mit einem rotierenden Zuführventil versehen ist,
    eine Steuertafel mit einem mechanischen oder elektronischen Programmiergerät, das eine Voreinstellung der Betriebszeiten und -bedingungen ermöglicht.
  16. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Lagerbehälter für den Pulverlack und für das Aufprallmaterial sowohl mit neuen Materialien als auch mit zurückgewonnenem Material, das aus dem Overspray in der Auftragskabine aufgefangen wird, befüllt werden, wobei das genannte aufgefangene Overspray einer mechanischen Siebung zugeführt wird, bei dem ein Sieb mit geeignet großen Maschen verwendet wird, um den zurückgewonnenen Pulverlack von den Aufprallkügelchen zu trennen.
  17. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zu lakkierende Gegenstand in einer Lackierkabine in einem Abstand zwischen 10 und 1000 mm von der Auftragsvorrichtung gehalten wird.
  18. Gegenstände, die gemäß dem Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 hergestellt sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie mit einer Lackschicht mit einer Dicke von weniger als 10 µm versehen sind.
  19. Gegenstände, die gemäß Anspruch 1 hergestellt sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie mit mehreren übereinanderliegenden Lackschichten versehen sind, die auch aus thermoplastischen und wärmehärtbaren Lacken bestehen.
EP98114770A 1997-09-03 1998-08-06 Verfahren zum Lackieren von verschiedenen Gegenständen unter Verwendung von Pulverlacken, durch das Verfahren hergestellte lackierte Produkte und zugehörige Vorrichtung Expired - Lifetime EP0900672B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT97MI001999A IT1294375B1 (it) 1997-09-03 1997-09-03 Procedimento di verniciatura di oggetti e manufatti vari con vernici in polvere, prodotti verniciati cosi' ottenuti e relativa
ITMI971999 1997-09-03

Publications (3)

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EP0900672A2 EP0900672A2 (de) 1999-03-10
EP0900672A3 EP0900672A3 (de) 2001-06-06
EP0900672B1 true EP0900672B1 (de) 2004-05-12

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EP98114770A Expired - Lifetime EP0900672B1 (de) 1997-09-03 1998-08-06 Verfahren zum Lackieren von verschiedenen Gegenständen unter Verwendung von Pulverlacken, durch das Verfahren hergestellte lackierte Produkte und zugehörige Vorrichtung

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EP (1) EP0900672B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE266530T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69823757T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2221101T3 (de)
IT (1) IT1294375B1 (de)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006057898B4 (de) * 2006-12-08 2011-06-01 Eisenmann Anlagenbau Gmbh & Co. Kg Vorrichtung zum Fördern fluidisierbarer Medien

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2194178A (en) * 1986-04-25 1988-03-02 Smith Meters Ltd Coating surfaces
JPH01228580A (ja) * 1988-03-08 1989-09-12 Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The エポキシ被覆鋼材の製造方法

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ITMI971999A1 (it) 1999-03-03
IT1294375B1 (it) 1999-03-24
DE69823757D1 (de) 2004-06-17
EP0900672A2 (de) 1999-03-10
ATE266530T1 (de) 2004-05-15
ES2221101T3 (es) 2004-12-16
EP0900672A3 (de) 2001-06-06
DE69823757T2 (de) 2005-05-04

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