EP0901563B1 - Pompe/moteur hydraulique a palettes - Google Patents

Pompe/moteur hydraulique a palettes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0901563B1
EP0901563B1 EP96914010A EP96914010A EP0901563B1 EP 0901563 B1 EP0901563 B1 EP 0901563B1 EP 96914010 A EP96914010 A EP 96914010A EP 96914010 A EP96914010 A EP 96914010A EP 0901563 B1 EP0901563 B1 EP 0901563B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
rotor
rotor body
vanes
radially
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96914010A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0901563A4 (fr
EP0901563A1 (fr
Inventor
Leslie Mervyn Harrison
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of EP0901563A4 publication Critical patent/EP0901563A4/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C1/00—Rotary-piston machines or engines
    • F01C1/30—Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
    • F01C1/34—Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F01C1/08 or F01C1/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
    • F01C1/344—Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F01C1/08 or F01C1/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member
    • F01C1/3441—Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F01C1/08 or F01C1/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member the inner and outer member being in contact along one line or continuous surface substantially parallel to the axis of rotation
    • F01C1/3442—Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F01C1/08 or F01C1/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member the inner and outer member being in contact along one line or continuous surface substantially parallel to the axis of rotation the surfaces of the inner and outer member, forming the working space, being surfaces of revolution
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C21/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in groups F01C1/00 - F01C20/00
    • F01C21/08—Rotary pistons
    • F01C21/0809—Construction of vanes or vane holders
    • F01C21/0818—Vane tracking; control therefor
    • F01C21/0827—Vane tracking; control therefor by mechanical means
    • F01C21/0836—Vane tracking; control therefor by mechanical means comprising guiding means, e.g. cams, rollers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus capable for use as a pump or motor, and in particular, to a fluid vane pump/motor.
  • fluid vane motors comprise a housing having a cylindrical bore closed by end plates and a rotor mounted for rotation within the bore.
  • the rotor is in the form of a solid cylindrical billet of metal with longitudinally extending slots formed about its periphery.
  • the axis of rotation of the rotor is parallel to but offset from the longitudinal axis of the housing.
  • a plurality of vanes are supported in respective longitudinal slots in the rotor in a manner so as to allow movement in the radial direction.
  • Fluid chambers are formed between adjacent vanes, the volume of the chambers varying as the rotor rotates.
  • the chambers When functioning as a pump, the chambers act to displace fluid from an inlet in the housing to an outlet, and when acting as a motor, the chambers allow for the release of pressure of a pressurised fluid to cause rotation of a shaft attached to the rotor.
  • EP-A-0230054 discloses a rotary vane machine in which a rotor is rotatable eccentrically within a cylinder.
  • the rotor comprises a hollow drum with axial slots in its outer periphery for vanes which are radially slidable within the slots.
  • the rotor has reduced diameter support regions extending axially away from the hollow drum at each end. The rotor is supported in bearings via these reduced diameter regions.
  • the slots in the hollow drum extend up to but not into the reduced diameter support regions of the rotor.
  • each slot Preferably said opposite ends of each slot are arcuate in shape.
  • each end of said housing is provided with a stepped inner surface formed by the junction of two faces and each seal can make sealing contact with both of said faces of an adjacent end of said housing.
  • a groove extending radially from each end of each slot is formed on a surface at each of said first and second ends interior of said rotor body for receiving axially opposite ends of a vane received in that slot.
  • said grooves on said interior surface at said first end of said rotor body extend beyond the centre of said rotor body.
  • said interior surface at said first end of said rotor body is provided with a circular recess centered about said rotation axis and the grooves formed on this interior surface extends radially from the end of the slots near said first end to said circular recess.
  • said rotor comprises a shaft extending from the first end of said rotor body and through an aperture formed in a first of said ends of said housing, wherein when said apparatus is used as a pump, torque can be applied to said shaft to impart rotational motion to said rotor, and when said apparatus is used as a motor, said shaft can act as a power take off.
  • the second end of said rotor body opposite said shaft is provided with a recess for receiving a stub shaft formed on a second of said ends of said housing for rotatably supporting said second end of said rotor body.
  • said axially opposite edges of said vanes are formed with arcuate surfaces for sliding and substantially sealing contact with respective adjacent first and second ends of said housing.
  • each vane is formed with an arcuate surface for sliding and substantially sealing contact with said inner circumferential surface of said housing.
  • said apparatus further comprises biasing means disposed within said rotor body for biasing said vanes radially outwardly towards said inner circumferential surface of said housing.
  • each vane Preferably a recess is formed in the radially inner edge of each vane inboard of axially opposite ends of each vane for receiving said biasing means.
  • said rotor comprises a shaft extending from the first end of said rotor body and through an aperture formed in a first of said ends of said housing, wherein when said apparatus is used as a pump, torque can be applied to said shaft to impart rotational motion to said rotor, and when said apparatus is used as a motor, said shaft can act as a power take off.
  • said resilient element comprises one of a split sleeve or a tube of resilient material; a length of natural or synthetic rubber tubing or rod; a tube or rod made of plastics material; a flat section helical -spring fitted axially within said rotor body; a solid or hollow rod or tube of material provided with resilient circumferentially spaced inserts at intervals corresponding to the location of said vanes.
  • said biasing means comprises a pressurised fluid retained within said rotor body.
  • First and second ports 20 and 22 are also formed in the housing 12 for allowing fluid communication between the interior and exterior of the housing 12.
  • Rotor 24 having a substantially hollow body 26 is supported by the housing 12 for rotation within the cavity 18 about a rotation axis 28 which is parallel to but offset from longitudinal axis 30 of the cavity 18.
  • a plurality of vanes 32 are retained by the rotor 24 for movement radially of the rotation axis 28.
  • the vanes 32, rotor 24 and housing 12 are juxtaposed so that a substantially sealed chamber is formed between adjacent vanes 32, inner surface 34 of the housing 12 and outer circumferential surface 36 of the rotor body 26.
  • the first and second ports 20 and 22 are disposed in different chambers.
  • the housing 12 is composed of a cylindrical member 38, the interior of which forms cavity 18. Ends 14 and 16 of the housing 12 are in the form of plates 40 and 42 respectively which can be bolted to opposite ends of the cylindrical element 38.
  • the surface of each of the plates 40 and 42 facing the rotor 24 is stepped.
  • the interior surface 44 is stepped so as to reduce in width in the radial direction toward rotation axis 28. More particularly, surface 44 comprises a first annular-like radially outer-most surface 46, a stepped surface 47, an adjacent second radially inner intermediate annular-like surface 48, a further stepped surface 49, and adjacent and radially innermost third annular-like third surface 50.
  • An aperture or hole 52 is formed through the first plate 40 centred on rotation axis 28.
  • the second plate 42 has an inner surface 54 which is composed of a first radially outermost annular-like surface 56, first stepped surface 57, an adjacent and radially inner annular-like second surface 58, second stepped surface 59, and a radially innermost annular-like third surface 60. Extending from the third surface 60 concentrically with rotation axis 28 is stub shaft 62. A plurality of axially extending holes 64 are formed circumferentially about the first and second plates 40 and 42 which are disposed to register with threaded holes 66 formed in the opposite ends of the cylindrical element 38. Bolts (not shown) are passed through holes 64 and threadingly engage holes 66 for fastening the first and second plates 40 and 42 to opposite ends of the cylindrical element 38.
  • rotor body 26 is in the general form of a hollow cylinder being closed at a first end 68 and open at an opposite second end 70.
  • the rotor body 26 is provided with reduced diameter portions 72 and 74 at the first and second ends 60 and 70 respectively.
  • the reduced diameter portions 72 and 74 seat annular seals 76 and 78 respectively.
  • Shaft 80 extends from the first end 68 concentric with rotation axis 28 through the hole 52 in the first plate 40.
  • a short length 82 of the shaft 80 adjacent the first end 68 is formed of an increased diameter.
  • Bearing 83 is fitted onto shaft 80 up to short length 82 and is sealed against surfaces 49 and 50 of the first plate 40.
  • Second end 70 is formed with a radially inwardly extending circumferential lip 84 and an axially extending annular boss 86.
  • Stub shaft 62 can be received in the opening formed by the lip 84 and boss 86.
  • the juxtaposition of annular surface 90 of the lip 84 facing a second plate 42 and the radially innermost circumferential surface 92 of the boss 86 form a seat for bearing 94.
  • the bearing 94 has an inner race 96 which receives, with an interference fit, the stub shaft 62.
  • a plurality of slots 96 are formed in the rotor body 26 which extend between and inboard of the first end 68 and second end 70. As seen most clearly in Figure 4, opposite ends 98 and 100 of the slots 96 are arcuate in shape and terminate on the reduced diameter portions 72 and 74 respectively. Slots 96 pass wholly through the thickness of the rotor body 26. In this particular embodiment, four equally spaced slots 96 are formed circumferentially about the rotor body 26.
  • a radially extending groove 102 (refer Figures 1 and 3) is formed on an interior surface of first end 68 extending colinearly with the depth of each slot 96 at end 98. Each groove 102 extends to the rotational axis 28 and runs into a corresponding groove 102 of an opposing slot 96.
  • Grooves 104 of similar configuration to grooves 102 are formed at the opposite end 100 of each slot 96 on an axially inner annular surface 106 of the lip 84. However, as the grooves 104 only extend for the axial length of lip 84, they do not pass through the rotational axis 28 nor do grooves 104 of opposing slots 96 run into each other.
  • Vanes 32 are in the form of generally rectangular plates having arcuate, and more particularly convexly curved axial edges 108 and 110 and similarly curved radially remote edge 112 and radially near edge 114.
  • the axial edges 108 and 110 extend in a radial direction below the radially near edge 104 so as to form protruding tabs 116 and 118 respectively between which a recess 120 is defined.
  • a biasing means in the form of a split sleeve 122 (refer Figures 1, 6A and 6B) is disposed within the cylindrical element 38 for biasing the vanes 32 radially outwardly from rotation axis 28 so that radially remote edge 112 of the vanes 32 are in sliding and sealing contact with inner surface 34 with at most a layer of lubricant therebetween.
  • the split sleeve 122 is received in the recess 120 between tabs 116 and 118 of each vane 32 preventing axial movement of the sleeve 122 during operation of the apparatus 10.
  • the sleeve 122 is made of a spring metal and dimensioned so as to maintain contact with all of the vanes 32 during rotation of the rotor 24.
  • the sleeve 122 floats within the rotor 24 and adopts a position that is concentric with and parallel to axis 30 of the housing 12.
  • the outside diameter of the sleeve 122 is equal to the internal diameter of housing 12 minus twice the distance between the radially remote and near edges 112 and 114 of a vane 32.
  • the outside diameter is fractionally larger to provide a degree of spring loading the radially near edges 114 of the vanes 32.
  • seal 76 When the apparatus 10 is fully assembled, the seal 76 overlies end 98 of each slot 96 and abuts axial edge 108 of each vane 32. Seal 78 is similarly juxtaposed relative to the end 100 of slots 96 and axial edge 110 of vanes 32. As a result, the seals 76 and 78 effectively seal the ends of slots 96. Further, seal 76 sealingly abuts surfaces 47 and 48 of first plate 40. Likewise, seal 78 sealingly abuts surfaces 57 and 58 of the second plate 42. Radially remote edge 112 of each vane 32 forms a sliding seal against inner surface 34 of housing 12.
  • the curvature on the radially remote and radially near edges 112 and 114 of the vanes 32 are shaped to suit the curvature of the inner surface 34 of housing 12 and the curvature and location of the outer peripheral surface of sleeve 122 respectively.
  • the vanes 32 are of a length equal to that of cylindrical element 38 of the housing less a lubricating tolerance, similarly the width of the slots 96 and thickness of vanes 32 are relatively dimensioned so as to allow sliding of the vanes 32 within the slots 96 with a lubricating tolerance therebetween.
  • FIGs 7 and 8 An embodiment of the apparatus 10 with three vanes is illustrated in Figures 7 and 8.
  • like numbers indicate the same features as described with reference to the embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 6B.
  • the apparatus 10 comprises three (or any other odd number) of vanes 32 there will not be pairs of diametrically opposed grooves 102, which in the case of an apparatus 10 with an even number of vanes 32, allows retraction of the vanes 32 within the rotor beyond the central axis 28.
  • the interior surface of first end 68 is counter bored about axis 28 to form a circular recess 103 of a depth equal to the depth of grooves 102.
  • the design of the vanes 32 can be modified so that the radially inner edge 114 is tapered on both sides as shown in Figures 9A to 9C.
  • the tapering is not necessary in the case of the rotor 24 supporting six or less vanes 32.
  • it is particularly advantageous for preventing interference between the radially inner edge 114 of adjacent vanes 32 in the case of a rotor having seven or more vanes when adjacent vanes are at or nearing full retraction and extend over the axis 28.
  • housing 12 is shown as including separate end plates 40 and 42, one of those ends may be formed integrally with the cylindrical element 38 of the housing 12 and machined to provide the relevant step surfaces.
  • the rotor 24 is shown as being a four vane (ie. four slot 96) greater or fewer vanes can be incorporated.
  • the biasing element for biasing the vanes 32 radially outwardly is shown as being a split sleeve 122.
  • biasing elements can be used to achieve the same effect for example: a length of resilient tubing or rod such as may be made from natural or synthetic rubber, or plastics material; a flat section helical spring; a solid or hollow rod or tube of material provided with resilient circumferentially spaced inserts at intervals corresponding to the location of the vanes 32; of a pressurised fluid sealed within the rotor body. All such modifications and variations are deemed to be within the scope of the present invention, the nature of which is to be determined from the following claims.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Rotary Pumps (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Dispositif (10) pouvant être utilisé en tant que pompe ou moteur, ledit dispositif (10) comprenant :
    un carter (12) doté d'extrémités étanches (14, 16) et prévu avec une cavité située entre lesdites extrémités, ledit carter comprenant en outre des premier et second orifices (20, 22) les deux permettant la communication de fluide entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur dudit carter (12) ;
    un rotor (24) doté d'un corps de rotor sensiblement creux (26) supporté par ledit logement (12) en rotation à l'intérieur de ladite cavité (18) autour d'un axe de rotation (28) qui s'étend parallèlement à et décalé à partir d'un axe longitudinal (30) de ladite cavité (18), ledit corps de rotor (26) étant doté de première et seconde extrémités opposées (68, 70) qui comprennent des parties respectives (72, 74) de diamètre réduit par rapport à une partie intermédiaire dudit corps de rotor ;
    une pluralité d'encoches (96) formées dans ledit corps de rotor (26) ; et
    une pluralité de palettes (32), dont les palettes individuelles sont retenues de façon coulissante dans des encoches séparées (96) pour le mouvement de façon radiale dudit axe de rotation (28) ;
    lesdites palettes (32), ledit rotor (24) et ledit carter (12) étant juxtaposés de sorte qu'une chambre sensiblement étanche est formée entre les palettes adjacentes (32), une surface circonférentielle interne (34) dudit carter (12) et ledit rotor (24), et dans lequel lesdits premier et second orifices (20, 22) sont disposés dans des chambres différentes desdites chambres ;
       caractérisé en ce que lesdites encoches (96) s'étendent entre lesdites première et seconde extrémités opposées (68, 70) et se terminent dans et à l'intérieur desdites parties de diamètre réduit (72, 74), et en ce que des joints d'étanchéité (76, 78) se situent autour desdites parties de diamètre réduit (72, 74) respectivement, lesdits joints d'étanchéité (76, 78) étant installés afin de recouvrir les extrémités opposées (98, 100) de chaque encoche (96) et de venir en butée de façon étanche contre les extrémités opposées de façon axiale (108, 110) desdites palettes (32).
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les extrémités opposées (98, 100) de chaque encoche (96) ont une forme arquée.
  3. Dispositif (10) selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que ledit carter (12) est prévu avec deux surfaces internes étagées (47, 48 ; 57, 58), chacune formée par la jonction de deux faces et les joints d'étanchéité respectifs (76, 78) créent le contact d'étanchéité avec les deux desdites faces (47, 48 ; 57, 58) desdites surfaces internes étagées.
  4. Dispositif (10) selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'une rainure (102, 104) s'étend de façon radiale à partir de chaque extrémité de chaque encoche (96) sur une surface au niveau de chacune desdites première et seconde extrémités (68, 70) à l'intérieur dudit corps de rotor (26) pour recevoir des extrémités opposées (108, 110) de façon axiale d'une palette (32) reçue dans cette encoche (96).
  5. Dispositif (10) selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que lesdites rainures (102) au niveau de ladite première extrémité (68) dudit corps de rotor (26) s'étendent au-delà du centre dudit corps de rotor (26).
  6. Dispositif (10) selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que ladite surface intérieure au niveau de ladite première extrémité (68) dudit corps de rotor (26) est prévue avec un enfoncement circulaire (103) centré autour dudit axe de rotation (28) et les rainures (102) formées sur cette surface intérieure s'étendent de façon radiale à partir de l'extrémité des encoches (96) près de ladite première extrémité (98) vers ledit enfoncement circulaire (103).
  7. Dispositif (10) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les bords opposés de façon axiale (108, 110) desdites palettes (32) sont formés avec des surfaces arquées pour le contact coulissant et sensiblement étanche avec les première et seconde extrémités (14, 16) adjacentes respectives dudit carter (12).
  8. Dispositif (10) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'un bord (112) à distance de façon radiale de chaque palette (96) est formé avec une surface arquée pour le contact coulissant et sensiblement étanche avec ladite surface circonférentielle interne (34) dudit carter (12).
  9. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de sollicitation (122) sont disposés à l'intérieur dudit corps de rotor (26) pour solliciter lesdites palettes (96) de façon radiale vers l'extérieur, vers ladite surface interne circonférentielle (34) dudit carter (12).
  10. Dispositif (10) selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de sollicitation (122) comprennent un élément résilient qui s'étend dans la direction dudit axe de rotation (28) et adaptés pour agir simultanément sur chacune desdites palettes (96).
  11. Dispositif (10) selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que ledit élément résilient (122) comprend l'un d'un manchon fendu ou d'un tuyau de matériau résilient ; une longueur de tubage ou tige de caoutchouc synthétique ou naturel ; un tuyau ou tige en matière plastique ; un ressort hélicoïdal à section plate monté de façon axiale à l'intérieur dudit corps de rotor ; une tige ou tuyau plein ou creux de matériau prévu avec des insertions résilientes espacées de façon circonférentielle à des intervalles qui correspondent à l'emplacement desdites palettes (96).
  12. Dispositif (10) selon la revendication 11 caractérisé en ce qu'un enfoncement (120) est formé dans le bord intérieur de façon radiale (114) de chaque palette (96) à l'intérieur des extrémités opposées de façon axiale (108, 110) de chaque palette (96) pour recevoir lesdits moyens de sollicitations (122).
  13. Dispositif (10) selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de sollicitations (122) comprennent un fluide sous pression retenu à l'intérieur dudit corps de rotor (26).
  14. Dispositif (10) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit rotor (24) comprend un arbre (80) qui s'étend à partir de la première extrémité (68) dudit corps de rotor (26) et à travers un trou (52) formé dans une première desdites extrémités (140) dudit carter (12), dans lequel au moment où l'on utilise ledit dispositif (10) en tant que pompe, le couple peut être appliqué audit arbre (80) pour communiquer le mouvement de rotation audit rotor (24), et lorsque l'on utilise ledit dispositif en tant que moteur, ledit arbre (80) peut agir en tant prise de mouvement.
  15. Dispositif (10) selon la revendication 14 caractérisé en ce que la seconde extrémité (70) dudit corps de rotor (26) opposée audit arbre (80) est prévue avec un enfoncement (92) pour recevoir un arbre tronqué (62) formé sur une seconde (16) desdites extrémités dudit carter (12) pour supporter de façon rotative ladite seconde extrémité (70) dudit corps de rotor (26).
EP96914010A 1995-05-30 1996-05-28 Pompe/moteur hydraulique a palettes Expired - Lifetime EP0901563B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPN3275A AUPN327595A0 (en) 1995-05-30 1995-05-30 Fluid vane motor/pump
PCT/AU1996/000326 WO1996038654A1 (fr) 1995-05-30 1996-05-28 Pompe/moteur hydraulique a palettes

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0901563A1 EP0901563A1 (fr) 1999-03-17
EP0901563A4 EP0901563A4 (fr) 2000-08-30
EP0901563B1 true EP0901563B1 (fr) 2003-05-07

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96914010A Expired - Lifetime EP0901563B1 (fr) 1995-05-30 1996-05-28 Pompe/moteur hydraulique a palettes

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0901563B1 (fr)
AU (1) AUPN327595A0 (fr)
TW (1) TW368562B (fr)
WO (1) WO1996038654A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018105144A1 (de) 2018-03-06 2019-09-12 Schwäbische Hüttenwerke Automotive GmbH Axiales Dichtelement Vakuumpumpe

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KR101586330B1 (ko) * 2015-10-06 2016-01-19 (주)한국브로워 초저음 무맥동의 특성을 가진 용적형 회전식 브로워

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018105144A1 (de) 2018-03-06 2019-09-12 Schwäbische Hüttenwerke Automotive GmbH Axiales Dichtelement Vakuumpumpe

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0901563A4 (fr) 2000-08-30
WO1996038654A1 (fr) 1996-12-05
TW368562B (en) 1999-09-01
AUPN327595A0 (en) 1995-06-22
EP0901563A1 (fr) 1999-03-17

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