EP0902404B1 - Method for determining traffic information - Google Patents

Method for determining traffic information Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0902404B1
EP0902404B1 EP98117163A EP98117163A EP0902404B1 EP 0902404 B1 EP0902404 B1 EP 0902404B1 EP 98117163 A EP98117163 A EP 98117163A EP 98117163 A EP98117163 A EP 98117163A EP 0902404 B1 EP0902404 B1 EP 0902404B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
data
traffic
cross sections
measured values
data processing
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EP98117163A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0902404A3 (en
EP0902404A2 (en
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Thomas Sachse
Fritz Dr. Busch
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Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
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Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
    • G08G1/0104—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determining Road routes, especially related to highways. Traffic information.
  • DE-P 44 08 547 describes a method for traffic detection and traffic situation detection on highways, preferably Motorways, known.
  • Measuring cross-sections are set up for track-related measuring points, with traffic sensors, such as induction loops, for vehicle detection and with a traffic data processing device are provided.
  • traffic data such as vehicle speed, traffic volume and traffic density determined and from this determined traffic parameters in one Traffic data processing formed.
  • Each form two neighboring measuring points a measuring section with a certain Length. From the traffic data of two such measuring points traffic parameters are formed.
  • These are one Speed density difference, calculated from local traffic data medium speed and traffic density, a trend factor, determined over a certain period of time from the ratio of the traffic volumes of both measuring points as well a traffic intensity trend. From this data is used a fuzzy logic the probability of a critical one Traffic situation derived. When a probability threshold is reached can then be a control signal for a Variable message signs are generated.
  • European patent application EP 0 740 280 A2 discloses one Procedures for fault detection in road traffic within of a sector to be monitored.
  • One measurement cross-section each At the beginning and end of the sector, the number is the measured data and the speed of those passing through the measurement cross sections Vehicles continuously captured during finite, consecutively numbered measuring intervals collected and cyclically to average values of traffic volume and speed condensed and after transfer of data from route stations assigned to the measurement cross sections to a central evaluation point evaluated.
  • detectors are also known, which Presence and the speed of a moving object can capture.
  • detectors work According to a passive infrared process, which can also be used with other methods can be combined.
  • No method is known to date, traffic information covering the entire area to record and evaluate. In particular no methods are known to determine the traffic information route section variable, event-oriented if necessary and enable with little data transfer effort.
  • the present invention is based on the object of providing area-wide traffic data acquisition which, with simple sensors and low data transmission effort, provides reliable and sufficiently meaningful data bases for different traffic information services.
  • this object is achieved by a method solved according to claim 1.
  • the invention enables the implementation of a step organized acquisition and processing system. Thereby can different traffic models to different Levels are applied, some of which are local, some of which are central. The advantages are that short term results can be achieved by expanding into the individual Levels are consolidated and refined. Through the dissolution there is a high level in individual subtasks or stages Degree of flexibility and reliability through the Formation of fallback levels. Through the local pre-analysis of the Traffic gives rise to extremely energy-saving, event-oriented data transmission to the parent Data processing systems or centers.
  • the invention proposes that fixed detectors positioned at junctions, nodes and the like become. It is also proposed that the Arrangement density of the fixed detectors depending is determined by traffic expectation estimates. So leave through the arrangement of many local detection systems Build comprehensive networks. It is also with the invention possible to organize an overall network structure. On traffic local detectors and critical positions Preprocessing computer arranged, preferably in radio digital technology the data to higher-level data processing systems forward or control centers. There you can then other traffic models are applied to the data.
  • Adjacent local detection cross sections can be a so-called route-related level of service in a higher-level Data processing system or one of the entire network assigned headquarters can be determined.
  • Measured data After a detector, for example a passive infrared detector, Measured data are delivered, they will preprocessed, for example by calculating mean values, Plausibility checks and trend factor determinations carried out become. From the changes in the data or the data state codes themselves are then determined, for example in the form of a numerical value for conditions such as free traffic flow, Traffic jam, stop and go, traffic jam or standstill etc. Evaluation cycles can, for example, every 1 to 5 minutes to get voted. However, the evaluation cycle can be variable be determined, for example depending on the status codes or the traffic conditions. For example there is a transmission every 30 minutes with free flow of traffic with averaging every 5 minutes. Depending on the fault condition the transmission density can be increased. In doing so the data transmission rates of neighboring acquisition cross sections matched to each other.
  • a detector for example a passive infrared detector
  • the measured values can be recorded in relation to lanes, but what is not absolutely necessary, other acquisition cross sections can also be used To be defined. It is also fundamental possible, vehicle type differentiation values, for example Detect trucks, cars and the like.
  • the invention proposes that superordinate data processing systems at least for those grouped together neighboring detection cross sections can be assigned.
  • a control center can act as a higher-level data processing system for all acquisition cross sections of a network or for several higher-level data processing systems can be assigned.
  • the network organization can be done in whatever stages flexibility and data security are affected. Here economic parameters can be used as a boundary condition become.
  • source-to-target relationships by analyzing the data of all acquisition cross sections of a network determines that the data for route search, evaluated for the output of traffic management information, subjected to statistical analysis for clarification and that the data for making traffic development forecasts be evaluated.
  • the invention provides methods for different Types and qualities of traffic information data to provide.
  • the main task is to provide such data prepare for the motor vehicle driver and this provide appropriate information. It can be for example, travel time displays, route displays, traffic forecast, Act traffic jams and the like.
  • Information displays are used in the individual vehicles, for example arranged on which the motor vehicle driver their planned routes and travel time information are displayed to get. You can then, for example, under different Alternatives choose the fastest route. Additionally or alternatively, indications of traffic jam developments, Probabilities related to further development on the upcoming route section and the like are displayed. The range of applications is extensive.
  • the invention provides an extremely flexible method, with which with the connection of different traffic models an almost network-wide, nationwide Traffic information system is buildable, which data for provides a wide variety of information purposes. It can be conventional and already known models and processes are used and be combined. Forecasts can be curve-based Forecasts at measuring points, model-based forecasts for Sections and meshes and additions of immeasurable effects using artificial intelligence. For the calculation Standard formulas of average values are used. Trend factors can, for example, use the extrapolation method based on the quadratic extrapolation of Lewandowski (1974).
  • the traffic volume is determined over time. It results the so-called traffic strength curve, which is found in vehicles per hour from 1-minute measurements.
  • the Figure shows the unsmoothed and the exponentially smoothed Values for a two-lane motorway cross-section.
  • the Figure shows the effect of smoothing on the fluctuation range of the measured values.
  • the smoothing is done exponentially.
  • Figures 1 to 3 show very clearly that at the beginning of a strongly increasing traffic volume a sharp drop in speed takes place and to a very high traffic density leads, which begins to normalize again over time.
  • Figures 4 and 5 show the course of a linear Trend factor of a trend calculation over the day. Here shows that in particular with inhomogeneous traffic flow, for example at night or in the event of faults, the trend factor is one has high fluctuation range. This is also confirmed according to Figure 5, in which the change in linear trend is listed.
  • Figures 6 and 7 represent so-called fundamental diagrams for two different cross-sections.
  • fundamental diagrams the speed v over the traffic volume q applied.
  • the letters A to F are six different ones Quality levels are shown, where A is a free Traffic corresponds, F to a traffic jam.
  • D it happens already Stop-and-go or viscous traffic signs that as are to be viewed critically.
  • the illustrations show how with the method according to the invention concrete values related to the measuring point recorded respectively calculated and related to cross-section or route Condition values or quality levels processed further become. All recorded, calculated and processed Data and results are now available to the To provide road users with relevant traffic information. For example, travel times for planned Calculate routes or different alternative routes and represent. Corresponding warnings and Provide forecasts, including forecast probabilities.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
  • Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)
  • Devices For Checking Fares Or Tickets At Control Points (AREA)
  • Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves using fixed detectors to form local detection cross-sections for the detection of traffic-related measurement values. The values are pre-processed by local computers and standardised to a defined data format, aggregated and wirelessly passed to a superior data processing system. The fixed detectors are positioned at junctions, nodes and similar road points. The density of the fixed detectors in each area depends on the estimated traffic density.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Ermittlung von auf Straßenstrecken, insbesondere Autobahnen bezogenen. Verkehrsinformationen.The invention relates to a method for determining Road routes, especially related to highways. Traffic information.

Im Stand der Technik ist es bekannt, an einzelnen Meßstellen Verkehrsflußinformationen zu erfassen, um daraus direkte Störinformationen abzuleiten oder Verkehrsentwicklungsprognosen für benachbarte Streckenabschnitte zu entwickeln. Es sind jeweils nur Einzellösungen bekannt.It is known in the prior art at individual measuring points To record traffic flow information in order to obtain direct interference information derive or traffic development forecasts to develop for neighboring sections of the route. They are each only single solutions known.

Beispielsweise ist in der EP 0 256 483 A1 ein Verkehrsleit- und Informationssystem offenbart, welches unter Verwendung ortsfester Leitbaken und in Fahrzeugen angeordneten Sende- bzw. Empfangseinheiten Verkehrsflußinformationen ermittelt. Aus diesen Verkehrsflußinformationen werden insbesondere Störinformationen ermittelt, um Leitsignale zu schalten.For example, in EP 0 256 483 A1 a traffic control and information system which uses stationary beacons and transmitters arranged in vehicles or receiving units traffic flow information determined. This traffic flow information becomes in particular Disturbance information determined to switch control signals.

Aus der DE-P 44 08 547 ist ein Verfahren zur Verkehrserfassung und Verkehrssituationserkennung auf Autostraßen, vorzugsweise Autobahnen, bekannt. Zur Bildung von sogenannten Meßquerschnitten werden spurbezogene Meßstellen eingerichtet, die mit Verkehrssensoren, beispielsweise Induktionsschleifen, zur Kfz.-Detektion und mit einer Verkehrsdaten-Verarbeitungs-Einrichtung versehen sind. Es werden regelmäßig Verkehrsdaten wie Kfz.-Geschwindigkeit, Verkehrsstärke und Verkehrsdichte ermittelt und daraus bestimmte Verkehrskenngrößen in einer Verkehrsdatenaufbereitung gebildet. Dabei bilden jeweils zwei benachbarte Meßstellen einen Meßabschnitt mit einer bestimmten Streckenlänge. Aus den Verkehrsdaten zweier solcher Meßstellen werden Verkehrskenngrößen gebildet. Diese sind eine Geschwindigkeitsdichte-Differenz, berechnet aus lokalen Verkehrsdaten mittlerer Geschwindigkeit und der Verkehrsdichte, ein Trendfaktor, ermittelt über einen bestimmten Zeitraum aus dem Verhältnis der Verkehrsstärken beider Meßstellen sowie ein Verkehrsstärketrend. Aus diesen Daten wird mittels einer Fuzzylogik die Wahrscheinlichkeit für eine kritische Verkehrssituation abgeleitet. Bei Erreichen eines Wahrscheinlichkeitsschwellwertes kann dann ein Steuersignal für ein Wechselverkehrszeichen erzeugt werden.DE-P 44 08 547 describes a method for traffic detection and traffic situation detection on highways, preferably Motorways, known. For the formation of so-called Measuring cross-sections are set up for track-related measuring points, with traffic sensors, such as induction loops, for vehicle detection and with a traffic data processing device are provided. There will be regular traffic data such as vehicle speed, traffic volume and traffic density determined and from this determined traffic parameters in one Traffic data processing formed. Each form two neighboring measuring points a measuring section with a certain Length. From the traffic data of two such measuring points traffic parameters are formed. These are one Speed density difference, calculated from local traffic data medium speed and traffic density, a trend factor, determined over a certain period of time from the ratio of the traffic volumes of both measuring points as well a traffic intensity trend. From this data is used a fuzzy logic the probability of a critical one Traffic situation derived. When a probability threshold is reached can then be a control signal for a Variable message signs are generated.

Die europäische Patentanmeldung EP 0 740 280 A2 offenbart ein Verfahren zur Störungserkennung im Straßenverkehr innerhalb eines zu überwachenden Sektors. An je einem Messquerschnitt am Sektoranfang und Sektorende werden als Messdaten die Anzahl und die Geschwindigkeit der die Messquerschnitte passierenden Fahrzeuge kontinuierlich erfasst, während endlicher, fortlaufend nummerierter Messintervalle gesammelt und zyklisch zu Durchschnittswerten der Verkehrsstärke und der Geschwindigkeit verdichtet und nach Übertragung der Daten von den Messquerschnitten zugeordneten Streckenstationen an eine zentrale Auswertestelle ausgewertet.European patent application EP 0 740 280 A2 discloses one Procedures for fault detection in road traffic within of a sector to be monitored. One measurement cross-section each At the beginning and end of the sector, the number is the measured data and the speed of those passing through the measurement cross sections Vehicles continuously captured during finite, consecutively numbered measuring intervals collected and cyclically to average values of traffic volume and speed condensed and after transfer of data from route stations assigned to the measurement cross sections to a central evaluation point evaluated.

Im Stand der Technik sind auch Detektoren bekannt, die das Vorhandensein und die Geschwindigkeit eines bewegten Objektes erfassen können. Beispielsweise arbeiten derartige Detektoren nach einem Passiv-Infrarot-Verfahren, welches ggf. auch mit anderen Verfahren kombiniert werden kann. Im Stand der Technik ist bisher kein Verfahren bekannt, flächendeckend Verkehrsinformationen zu erfassen und auszuwerten. Insbesondere sind keine Verfahren bekannt, die die Verkehrsinformationsermittlung streckenabschnittsbezogen variabel, ggf. ereignisorientiert und mit geringem Datenübertragungsaufwand ermöglichen.In the prior art, detectors are also known, which Presence and the speed of a moving object can capture. For example, such detectors work According to a passive infrared process, which can also be used with other methods can be combined. In the state of the art No method is known to date, traffic information covering the entire area to record and evaluate. In particular no methods are known to determine the traffic information route section variable, event-oriented if necessary and enable with little data transfer effort.

Ein geringer Datenübertragungsaufwand ist einerseits zur Durchführung eines energiesparenden Verfahrens erforderlich, andererseits um möglichst transparente und leicht pflegbare Datenbestände zu erzeugen.On the one hand, a low data transmission effort is necessary Implementation of an energy-saving process required on the other hand, as transparent and easy to maintain as possible Generate databases.

Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine flächendecken-de Verkehrsdatenerfassung bereitzustellen, die mit Einfachsensorik und geringem Datenübertragungsaufwand zuverlässige und hinreichend aussagekräftige Datengrundlagen für unterschiedliche Verkehrsinformationsdienste bereitstellt.On the basis of this prior art, the present invention is based on the object of providing area-wide traffic data acquisition which, with simple sensors and low data transmission effort, provides reliable and sufficiently meaningful data bases for different traffic information services.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method solved according to claim 1.

Zur technischen Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird vorgeschlagen, ein Verfahren zur Ermittlung von auf Straßenstrecken, insbesondere Autobahnen, bezogene Verkehrsinformationen, wobei mittels ortsfester Detektoren lokale Erfassungsquerschnitte gebildet, verkehrsbezogene Meßwerte erfaßt, mittels lokaler Rechner vorverarbeitet und auf ein vorgegebenes Datenprotokoll normiert, aggregiert und per drahtloser Übermittlung an eine übergeordnete Datenverarbeitungsanlage übertragen werden.To solve this problem technically, it is proposed to use a method for determining traffic information relating to road routes, in particular motorways, wherein local detection cross sections are formed by means of fixed detectors, traffic-related measured values are recorded, preprocessed by means of local computers and standardized to a predetermined data protocol, aggregated and by wireless transmission be transferred to a higher-level data processing system.

Die Erfindung ermöglicht die Realisierung eines stufenförmig organisierten Erfassungs- und Verarbeitungssystems. Dadurch können unterschiedliche Verkehrsmodelle auf unterschiedliche Stufen angewandt werden, die teils lokal, teil zentral ablaufen. Die Vorteile sind, daß bereits kurzfristig Ergebnisse erzielt werden können, die durch Ausweitung in die einzelnen Stufen konsolidiert und verfeinert werden. Durch die Auflösung in einzelne Teilaufgaben bzw. Stufen ergibt sich ein hohes Maß an Flexibilität und an Ausfallsicherheit durch die Bildung von Rückfallebenen. Durch die lokale Voranalyse des Verkehrs ergeben sich Möglichkeiten zur äußerst energiesparenden, ereignisorientierten Datenübertragung zu den übergeordneten Datenverarbeitungsanlagen bzw. -zentralen.The invention enables the implementation of a step organized acquisition and processing system. Thereby can different traffic models to different Levels are applied, some of which are local, some of which are central. The advantages are that short term results can be achieved by expanding into the individual Levels are consolidated and refined. Through the dissolution there is a high level in individual subtasks or stages Degree of flexibility and reliability through the Formation of fallback levels. Through the local pre-analysis of the Traffic gives rise to extremely energy-saving, event-oriented data transmission to the parent Data processing systems or centers.

Mit der Erfindung wird vorgeschlagen, daß ortsfeste Detektoren an Anschlußstellen, Knotenpunkten und dergleichen positioniert werden. Darüber hinaus wird vorgeschlagen, daß die Anordnungsdichte der ortsfesten Detektoren in Abhängigkeit von Verkehrserwartungsschätzungen bestimmt wird. Somit lassen sich durch die Anordnung vieler lokaler Erfassungssysteme flächendeckende Netze aufbauen. Mit der Erfindung ist es auch möglich, einen Gesamtnetzaufbau zu organisieren. An verkehrstechnisch kritischen Positionen werden lokale Detektoren und Vorverarbeitungsrechner angeordnet, die über Funk in vorzugsweise digitaler Technologie die Daten an übergeordnete Datenverarbeitungsanlagen bzw. -zentralen weiterleiten. Dort können dann weitere Verkehrsmodelle auf die Daten angewandt werden.The invention proposes that fixed detectors positioned at junctions, nodes and the like become. It is also proposed that the Arrangement density of the fixed detectors depending is determined by traffic expectation estimates. So leave through the arrangement of many local detection systems Build comprehensive networks. It is also with the invention possible to organize an overall network structure. On traffic local detectors and critical positions Preprocessing computer arranged, preferably in radio digital technology the data to higher-level data processing systems forward or control centers. There you can then other traffic models are applied to the data.

Aus der lokalen Auswertung ergibt sich die Möglichkeit der lokalen Zustandserkennung. Durch die Verknüpfung der Daten benachbarter lokaler Erfassungsquerschnitte kann ein sogenannter streckenbezogener Level of Service in einer übergeordneten Datenverarbeitungsanlage oder einer dem Gesamtnetz zugeordneten Zentrale ermittelt werden.The local evaluation results in the possibility of local status detection. By linking the data Adjacent local detection cross sections can be a so-called route-related level of service in a higher-level Data processing system or one of the entire network assigned headquarters can be determined.

Die Verknüpfung dieser Daten, ggf. in Kombination mit den Daten der lokalen Erfassungsquerschnitte, ermöglicht die Errechnung einer erweiterten Situationserkennung. Hier können dynamische Zustandsschätzungen erfolgen, um eine verbesserte Zustandsschätzung in kritischen Streckenabschnitten durch Zuschaltung eines angepaßten Systems zur erweiterten Situationserkennung zu erlangen. Die Ergebnisse sind detaillierte streckenbezogene Daten und feiner untergliederte Situationsklassifizierungen. Darüber hinaus lassen sich Angaben einer etwaigen Sicherheit der jeweiligen Schätzung erzielen. Eine Korrektur hinsichtlich stark verrauschter Daten wegen schlechter Datenübertragung, bei größeren Zeitintervallen oder nur sporadischen Daten ist mit der Erfindung vorgesehen.Linking this data, possibly in combination with the data the local acquisition cross-sections, enables the calculation an advanced situation detection. Here dynamic State estimates are made to provide an improved state estimate in critical sections by connecting a customized system for advanced situation detection to get. The results are detailed route-related data and more detailed situation classifications. In addition, information from a achieve any certainty of the respective estimate. A Correction regarding noisy data due to poor data transmission, at larger time intervals or only sporadic data is provided with the invention.

Mit besonderem Vorteil wird vorgeschlagen, daß zur lokalen Vorverarbeitung der Daten deren Plausibilität anhand von Modellvergleichen überprüft wird, Mittelwertberechnungen durchgeführt aus der Veränderung der Meßwerte Trendfaktoren ermittelt und werden. Als Meßwerte werden zumindest Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit, Verkehrsstärke und querschnittsbezogene Belegung erfaßt.It is proposed with particular advantage that local Pre-processing of the data and its plausibility based on model comparisons is checked, mean value calculations are carried out trend factors determined from the change in the measured values and become. At least vehicle speed, Traffic volume and cross-sectional Occupancy recorded.

Nachdem von einem Detektor, beispielsweise einem Passiv-Infrarot-Detektor, Meßdaten geliefert werden, werden diese vorverarbeitet, beispielsweise indem Mittelwertberechnungen, Plausibilitätskontrollen und Trendfaktorermittlungen durchgeführt werden. Aus den Veränderungen der Daten oder den Daten selbst werden dann Zustandscodes ermittelt, beispielsweise in der Form eines Zahlenwertes für Zustände wie freier Verkehrsfluß, Staugefahr, Stop and Go, Stau oder Stillstand u.s.w. Auswertungszyklen können beispielsweise alle 1 bis 5 Minuten gewählt werden. Der Auswertungszyklus kann jedoch variabel festgelegt werden, beispielsweise in Abhängigkeit von den Zustandscodes oder den Verkehrszuständen. Beispielsweise erfolgt bei freiem Verkehrsfluß alle 30 Minuten eine Übertragung bei Mittelwertbildung alle 5 Minuten. Je nach Störzustand kann die Übertragungsdichte erhöht werden. Dabei werden die Datenübertragungsraten benachbarter Erfassungsquerschnitte aufeinander abgeglichen.After a detector, for example a passive infrared detector, Measured data are delivered, they will preprocessed, for example by calculating mean values, Plausibility checks and trend factor determinations carried out become. From the changes in the data or the data state codes themselves are then determined, for example in the form of a numerical value for conditions such as free traffic flow, Traffic jam, stop and go, traffic jam or standstill etc. Evaluation cycles can, for example, every 1 to 5 minutes to get voted. However, the evaluation cycle can be variable be determined, for example depending on the status codes or the traffic conditions. For example there is a transmission every 30 minutes with free flow of traffic with averaging every 5 minutes. Depending on the fault condition the transmission density can be increased. In doing so the data transmission rates of neighboring acquisition cross sections matched to each other.

Die Meßwerte können fahrspurenbezogen erfaßt werden, was aber nicht zwingend erforderlich ist, es können auch andere Erfassungsquerschnitte definiert werden. Auch ist es grundsätzlich möglich, Fahrzeugtypunterscheidungswerte, also beispielsweise Lkw, Pkw und dergleichen zu erfassen.The measured values can be recorded in relation to lanes, but what is not absolutely necessary, other acquisition cross sections can also be used To be defined. It is also fundamental possible, vehicle type differentiation values, for example Detect trucks, cars and the like.

Mit der Erfindung wird vorgeschlagen, daß übergeordnete Datenverarbeitungsanlagen zumindest für zu Gruppen zusammengefaßte benachbarte Erfassungsquerschnitte zugeordnet werden. Als übergeordnete Datenverarbeitungsanlage kann eine Zentrale für alle Erfassungsquerschnitte eines Netzes oder für mehrere übergeordnete Datenverarbeitungsanlagen zugeordnet werden.The invention proposes that superordinate data processing systems at least for those grouped together neighboring detection cross sections can be assigned. A control center can act as a higher-level data processing system for all acquisition cross sections of a network or for several higher-level data processing systems can be assigned.

Die Netzbrganisation kann in beliebigen Stufen erfolgen, was die Flexibilität und die Datensicherheit beeinflußt. Hier können wirtschaftliche Parameter als Randbedingung verwendet werden. The network organization can be done in whatever stages flexibility and data security are affected. Here economic parameters can be used as a boundary condition become.

Mit der Erfindung wird weiterhin vorgeschlagen, daß berechnete Datenreihen durch Modellvergleiche mit vorgegebenen Modellen überprüft bzw. korrigiert, daß zentrale Datenauswertungen zur Störfallerkennung durchgeführt und daß zentrale Datenauswertungen zur dynamischen Zustandsschätzung durchgeführt werden.With the invention it is further proposed that calculated Data series through model comparisons with given models checked or corrected that central data evaluations carried out for accident detection and that central data evaluations performed for dynamic state estimation become.

Darüber hinaus wird weiterhin vorgeschlagen, daß Quelle-Ziel-Beziehungen durch die Analyse der Daten aller Erfassungsquerschnitte eines Netzes ermittelt, daß die Daten zur Routensuche, zur Ausgabe von Verkehrsleitungsinformationen ausgewertet, zur Präzisierung statistischen Analysen unterzogen und daß die Daten zur Abgabe von Verkehrsentwicklungsprognosen ausgewertet werden.It also suggests that source-to-target relationships by analyzing the data of all acquisition cross sections of a network determines that the data for route search, evaluated for the output of traffic management information, subjected to statistical analysis for clarification and that the data for making traffic development forecasts be evaluated.

Mit der Erfindung werden Verfahren bereitgestellt, um unterschiedliche Arten und Qualitäten von Verkehrsinformationsdaten zur Verfügung zu stellen. Hauptaufgabe ist es, solche Daten für die Kraftfahrzeugführer aufzubereiten und diesen zweckmäßige Informationen bereitzustellen. Dabei kann es sich beispielsweise um Reisezeitanzeigen, Routenanzeigen, Verkehrsschlußprognosen, Stauanzeigen und dergleichen handeln. In den einzelnen Fahrzeugen werden beispielsweise Informationsdisplays angeordnet, auf welchen die Kraftfahrzeugführer ihre geplanten Routen und die Reisezeitinformationen angezeigt bekommen. Sie können dann beispielsweise unter verschiedenen Alternativen die jeweils schnellste Route wählen. Zusätzlich oder alternativ können Hinweise auf Stauentwicklungen, Wahrscheinlichkeiten in Bezug auf die weitere Entwicklung auf dem bevorstehenden Streckenabschnitt und dergleichen angezeigt werden. Die Anwendungsbreite ist umfangreich.The invention provides methods for different Types and qualities of traffic information data to provide. The main task is to provide such data prepare for the motor vehicle driver and this provide appropriate information. It can be for example, travel time displays, route displays, traffic forecast, Act traffic jams and the like. Information displays are used in the individual vehicles, for example arranged on which the motor vehicle driver their planned routes and travel time information are displayed to get. You can then, for example, under different Alternatives choose the fastest route. Additionally or alternatively, indications of traffic jam developments, Probabilities related to further development on the upcoming route section and the like are displayed. The range of applications is extensive.

Mit der Erfindung wird ein äußerst flexibles Verfahren angegeben, mit welchem unter Verknüpfung unterschiedlichster Verkehrsmodelle ein nahezu netzumfassendes, flächendeckendes Verkehrsinformationssystem aufbaubar ist, welches Daten für unterschiedlichste Informationszwecke liefert. Es können herkömmliche und bereits bekannte Modelle und Verfahren eingesetzt und kombiniert werden. Prognosen können ganglinienbasierte Prognosen an Meßstellen, modellgestützte Prognosen für Abschnitte und Maschen und Ergänzungen nicht meßbarer Effekte unter Verwendung künstlicher Intelligenz sein. Für die Berechnung von Mittelwerten werden übliche Formeln eingesetzt. Trendfaktoren können beispielsweise nach dem Extrapolationsverfahren auf der Basis der quadratischen Extrapolation von Lewandowski (1974) sein.The invention provides an extremely flexible method, with which with the connection of different traffic models an almost network-wide, nationwide Traffic information system is buildable, which data for provides a wide variety of information purposes. It can be conventional and already known models and processes are used and be combined. Forecasts can be curve-based Forecasts at measuring points, model-based forecasts for Sections and meshes and additions of immeasurable effects using artificial intelligence. For the calculation Standard formulas of average values are used. Trend factors can, for example, use the extrapolation method based on the quadratic extrapolation of Lewandowski (1974).

Weitere Vorteile und Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der folgenden Beschreibung anhand der Figuren. Dabei zeigen:

Figur 1
ein Diagramm, das die Verkehrsstärke über die Zeit aufgetragen zeigt;
Figur 2
ein Diagramm, das die Darstellung der Geschwindigkeit über die Zeit zeigt;
Figur 3
ein Diagramm, welches die Darstellung der Verkehrsdichte über die Zeit zeigt;
Figur 4
ein Diagramm, welches den linearen Trend über die Zeit zeigt;
Figur 5
ein Diagramm, welches die Veränderung des linearen Trends über die Zeit zeigt;
Figur 6
ein Diagramm, in dem die Geschwindigkeit über der Verkehrsstärke aufgetragen ist;
Figur 7
ein Diagramm, in dem die Geschwindigkeit an einem zweiten lokalen Meßquerschnitt über der Verkehrsstärke aufgetragen ist;
Figur 8
ein Diagramm, welches die Darstellung von Verkehrszustandswerten über die Zeit am Meßquerschnitt gemäß Figur 6 zeigt;
Figur 9
ein Diagramm, welches die Darstellung von Verkehrszustandswerten über die Zeit am Meßquerschnitt gemäß Figur 7 zeigt;
Figur 10
ein Diagramm, welches die Darstellung einer Verkehrszustands-Ganglinie bezogen auf eine Strecke zwischen zwei Meßquerschnitten zeigt;
Figur 11
ein Diagramm, welches die Darstellung einer Verkehrszustands-Ganglinie bezogen auf eine Strecke zwischen zwei Meßquerschnitten zeigt;
Figur 12
ein Diagramm, welches die Darstellung einer Verkehrszustands-Ganglinie bezogen auf eine Strecke zwischen zwei Meßquerschnitten zeigt;
Figur 13
ein Diagramm, welches die Darstellung einer Verkehrszustands-Ganglinie bezogen auf eine Strecke zwischen zwei Meßquerschnitten zeigt, und
Figur 14
ein Diagramm, welches die Darstellung einer Verkehrszustands-Ganglinie bezogen auf eine Strecke zwischen zwei Meßquerschnitten zeigt.
Further advantages and features of the invention result from the following description with reference to the figures. Show:
Figure 1
a diagram showing the traffic volume over time;
Figure 2
a diagram showing the representation of the speed over time;
Figure 3
a diagram showing the representation of traffic density over time;
Figure 4
a graph showing the linear trend over time;
Figure 5
a graph showing the change in the linear trend over time;
Figure 6
a diagram in which the speed is plotted against the traffic volume;
Figure 7
a diagram in which the speed is plotted on a second local measurement cross-section over the traffic volume;
Figure 8
a diagram showing the representation of traffic condition values over time on the measurement cross section according to FIG. 6;
Figure 9
a diagram showing the representation of traffic condition values over time on the measurement cross section according to FIG. 7;
Figure 10
is a diagram showing the representation of a traffic condition-curve related to a distance between two measurement cross-sections;
Figure 11
is a diagram showing the representation of a traffic condition-curve related to a distance between two measurement cross-sections;
Figure 12
is a diagram showing the representation of a traffic condition-curve related to a distance between two measurement cross-sections;
Figure 13
a diagram showing the representation of a traffic condition-curve with respect to a distance between two measurement cross sections, and
Figure 14
is a diagram showing the representation of a traffic condition-curve based on a distance between two measurement cross-sections.

An einem gegebenen Meßquerschnitt wird, wie in Figur 1 gezeigt, die Verkehrsstärke über die Zeit ermittelt. Es ergibt sich die sogenannte Verkehrsstärke-Ganglinie, die in Fahrzeugen pro Stunde aus 1-Minuten-Messungen errechnet wurde. Die Figur zeigt die ungeglätteten und die exponentiell geglätteten Werte für einen zweistreifigen Autobahnquerschnitt. Die Figur zeigt die Wirkung der Glättung auf die Schwankungsbreite der Meßwerte.On a given measurement cross section, as shown in FIG. 1, the traffic volume is determined over time. It results the so-called traffic strength curve, which is found in vehicles per hour from 1-minute measurements. The Figure shows the unsmoothed and the exponentially smoothed Values for a two-lane motorway cross-section. The Figure shows the effect of smoothing on the fluctuation range of the measured values.

Wie in Figur 2 gezeigt, werden am gleichen Meßquerschnitt gleichzeitig die Geschwindigkeiten in der gleichen Weise in Kilometer/Stunde, errechnet aus 1-Minuten-Messungen, erfaßt und sowohl ungeglättet als auch exponentiell geglättet für den gleichen Autobahnquerschnitt dargestellt.As shown in Figure 2, the same measurement cross section at the same time the speeds in the same way Kilometers / hour, calculated from 1-minute measurements, recorded and both unsmoothed and exponentially smoothed for the same freeway cross-section.

Aus den beiden erfaßten Größen Geschwindigkeit und Verkehrsstärke über die Zeit läßt sich über den formelmäßigen Zusammenhang die Verkehrsdichte k = Verkehrsstärke q/Geschwindigkeit v errechnen und ebenso geglättet beziehungsweise ungeglättet darstellen. Auch hier erfolgt die Glättung exponentiell.From the two recorded values of speed and traffic volume over time, the density of traffic can be determined by means of the formula k = traffic volume q / speed v calculate and also display smoothed or unsmoothed. Here too, the smoothing is done exponentially.

Die Figuren 1 bis 3 zeigen sehr deutlich, daß zu Beginn einer stark anwachsenden Verkehrsstärke ein starker Geschwindigkeitseinbruch erfolgt und zu einer sehr hohen Verkehrsdichte führt, welche sich mit der Zeit wieder zu normalisieren beginnt. Die Figuren 4 und 5 zeigen den Verlauf eines linearen Trendfaktors einer Trendberechnung über den Tag. Hier zeigt sich, daß insbesondere bei inhomogenem Verkehrsfluß, beispielsweise nachts oder bei Störungen, der Trendfaktor eine hohe Schwankungsbreite aufweist. Dies bestätigt sich auch gemäß Figur 5, in welcher die Veränderung des linearen Trends aufgeführt ist.Figures 1 to 3 show very clearly that at the beginning of a strongly increasing traffic volume a sharp drop in speed takes place and to a very high traffic density leads, which begins to normalize again over time. Figures 4 and 5 show the course of a linear Trend factor of a trend calculation over the day. Here shows that in particular with inhomogeneous traffic flow, for example at night or in the event of faults, the trend factor is one has high fluctuation range. This is also confirmed according to Figure 5, in which the change in linear trend is listed.

Die Figuren 6 und 7 stellen sogenannte Fundamentaldiagramme für zwei verschiedene Querschnitte dar. In Fundamentaldiagrammen wird die Geschwindigkeit v über der Verkehrsstärke q aufgetragen. Mit den Buchstaben A bis F sind sechs unterschiedliche Qualitätsstufen dargestellt, wobei A einem freien Verkehr entspricht, F einem Stau. Bereits bei D kommt es zu Stop-and-Go oder zähfließenden Verkehrserscheinungen, die als kritisch anzusehen sind.Figures 6 and 7 represent so-called fundamental diagrams for two different cross-sections. In fundamental diagrams the speed v over the traffic volume q applied. The letters A to F are six different ones Quality levels are shown, where A is a free Traffic corresponds, F to a traffic jam. At D it happens already Stop-and-go or viscous traffic signs that as are to be viewed critically.

Für den in Figur 6 gezeigten Querschnitt ergibt sich diagrammartig ein Qualitätsstufen-Verlauf über die Zeit. Man spricht bei Qualitätsstufen auch vom Level of Service (LOS). In den Figuren 8 und 9 sind anstelle der Großbuchstaben A, B, usw. die Zahlen 1, 2 usw. gesetzt. Man sieht, daß sich die LOS zeitweise auch überlagern und von einem Zustand in den anderen kippen.For the cross section shown in FIG. 6, this results in a diagram a quality level progression over time. One speaks for quality levels also from the level of service (LOS). In the Figures 8 and 9 are in place of the capital letters A, B, etc. the numbers 1, 2 etc. are set. One can see that the LOS temporarily overlay and from one state to another tilt.

Errechnet man die unterschiedlichen LOS auf ganze Streckenabschnitte, so ergeben sich die Darstellungen in den Figuren 10 bis 14, in welchen für unterschiedliche Streckenabschnitte zwischen Meßstellen Q1 bis Q9 die LOS über die Zeit aufgetragen sind. Hier zeigt sich sehr deutlich, wie sich zunächst in vorliegenden Streckenabschnitten Störungen langsam aufbauen, im mittleren Bereich zu langanhaltenden Stausituationen führen, der sich im hinteren Streckenbereich wieder langsam auflöst.If you calculate the different LOS for entire sections of the route, this results in the representations in FIGS. 10 to 14, in which for different sections of the route the LOS is plotted over time between measuring points Q1 to Q9 are. This shows very clearly how initially in slowly build up existing sections of the route, lead to long-lasting congestion in the middle area, that slowly dissolves in the rear section.

Die Darstellungen zeigen, wie mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren konkrete meßstellenbezogene Werte erfaßt beziehungsweise errechnet und auf querschnittsbezogene oder streckenbezogene Zustandswerte oder Qualitätsstufen weiterverarbeitet werden. Alle erfaßten, errechneten und weiterverarbeiteten Daten und Ergebnisse stehen nunmehr zur Verfügung, um den Verkehrsteilnehmern entsprechende Verkehrsinformationen anzugeben. So lassen sich beispielsweise Reisezeiten für geplante Strecken oder unterschiedliche alternative Routen errechnen und darstellen. Auch lassen sich entsprechende Warnungen und Prognosen einschließlich der Prognosewahrscheinlichkeiten angeben.The illustrations show how with the method according to the invention concrete values related to the measuring point recorded respectively calculated and related to cross-section or route Condition values or quality levels processed further become. All recorded, calculated and processed Data and results are now available to the To provide road users with relevant traffic information. For example, travel times for planned Calculate routes or different alternative routes and represent. Corresponding warnings and Provide forecasts, including forecast probabilities.

Die beschriebenen Bespiele dienen der Erläuterung und sind nicht beschränkend.The examples described are for explanation and are not restrictive.

Claims (22)

  1. Method for acquiring traffic information relating to stretches of road, in particular motorways, local collection cross sections being formed by means of fixed detectors, traffic-related measured values being collected, pre-processed by means of local computers and transmitted to a superordinate data processing system after having been standardized into a predefined data protocol and aggregated, characterized in that access codes which represent quality levels of the traffic are acquired from the acquired data in a clocked fashion, and the transmission of data to the superordinate data processing system is carried out by wireless communication, the data transmission rate being defined as a function of the status code, and the data transmission rate of adjacent collection cross sections being matched.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that fixed detectors are positioned at connecting points, node points and the like.
  3. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the arrangement density of the fixed detectors is determined as a function of anticipated traffic estimations.
  4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in order to pre-process the data locally, its plausibility is checked with reference to model comparisons.
  5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in order to pre-process the measured values locally, mean value calculations are carried out.
  6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that trend factors are acquired from the change in the measured values.
  7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that vehicle velocity, traffic density and occupation are collected as measured values.
  8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measured values are collected in a lane-related fashion.
  9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that vehicle-type-distinguishing values are collected as measured values.
  10. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the data evaluation cycle is defined in a variable fashion.
  11. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that superordinate data processing systems are assigned at least for adjacent collection cross sections which are combined to form groups.
  12. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a control centre for all the collection cross sections of a network or for a plurality of superordinate data processing systems are assigned as a superordinate data processing system.
  13. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that traffic information relating to stretches of road is calculated in at least one superordinate data processing system by linking the transmitted data of adjacent collection cross sections.
  14. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that calculated data sequences are checked and/or corrected by means of model comparisons with predefined models.
  15. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that central data evaluations are carried out in order to detect fault situations.
  16. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that source/destination relationships are acquired by analysing the data of all the collection cross sections of a network.
  17. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the data is evaluated for route searching.
  18. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the data is evaluated for outputting traffic routing information.
  19. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the data is evaluated in order to output traffic trend forecasts.
  20. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the data is evaluated in order to output travel time information.
  21. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the data is evaluated in order to output congestion information.
  22. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the data is subjected to statistical analyses to make it more precise.
EP98117163A 1997-09-11 1998-09-10 Method for determining traffic information Expired - Lifetime EP0902404B1 (en)

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EP0740280A2 (en) * 1995-04-28 1996-10-30 INFORM Institut für Operations Research und Management GmbH Disturbance detection method for road traffic

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DE4408547A1 (en) * 1994-03-14 1995-10-12 Siemens Ag Process for traffic detection and traffic situation detection on highways, preferably motorways

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