EP0903805A2 - Planarantennenanordnung und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Leiterbahnen auf einem Substrat - Google Patents

Planarantennenanordnung und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Leiterbahnen auf einem Substrat Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0903805A2
EP0903805A2 EP98116584A EP98116584A EP0903805A2 EP 0903805 A2 EP0903805 A2 EP 0903805A2 EP 98116584 A EP98116584 A EP 98116584A EP 98116584 A EP98116584 A EP 98116584A EP 0903805 A2 EP0903805 A2 EP 0903805A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
substrate
antenna
elements
square
conductive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98116584A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0903805B1 (de
EP0903805A3 (de
Inventor
Peter Vernon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AUPO9298A external-priority patent/AUPO929897A0/en
Priority claimed from US09/098,771 external-priority patent/US6252550B1/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0903805A2 publication Critical patent/EP0903805A2/de
Publication of EP0903805A3 publication Critical patent/EP0903805A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0903805B1 publication Critical patent/EP0903805B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/1271—Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
    • H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
    • H01Q5/364—Creating multiple current paths
    • H01Q5/371—Branching current paths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to antennas intended to be affixed to surfaces, for use with radio frequency devices such a cellular phones, GPS location systems, and other RF applications.
  • the present invention further relates to a method for manufacturing conductive patterns on substrates.
  • an RF antenna is provided in order to enable communication - for example, cellular telephones, GPS systems, wireless data networks and the like.
  • the antenna is provided with the device, for example as a stub unit on a cellular phone.
  • it is necessary to provide an externally connected antenna in other cases, however, it is necessary to provide an externally connected antenna.
  • Traditional antennas for this purpose have been generally externally mounted on the vehicle. This increases wind noise, is prone to vandalism, and detracts from the appearance of the vehicle.
  • the antenna should provide maximum capture area, whilst ideally being visually unobtrusive. It should be simple to install, yet electrically and structurally reliable.
  • US Patent No. 5363114 to Shoemaker describes a planar, serpentine antenna which is adhered to a carrier layer, and which is then adhered to a suitable vehicle surface.
  • the antenna is disclosed as having a serpentine patterned arrangement.
  • the present invention provides a planar antenna including a rectangular conductive element formed from two square elements, the square elements being defined within the rectangle by a centrally located return conductor. Each square element is connected at one end to a connector element, and at the other end to the return conductor. The lengths of the elements are chosen so as to maximise gain for the RF frequencies of interest.
  • the antenna further includes one or more additional square elements disposed within the square elements of the antenna, each being connected to the respective larger square at one end and to the return conductor at another point.
  • the additional square elements can be sized for optimal reception of additional frequencies.
  • planar is intended to mean both flat surfaces and smooth curved surfaces, such as for example the shape of a vehicle windshield.
  • the inventive antenna arrangement has a number of advantages over the existing designs.
  • the intended applications, where the antenna is adhered to an existing surface such as a window, do not require that the conductive elements be structurally rigid themselves, thereby enabling the use of a sparse geometry.
  • This also enables the antenna to have a relatively large capture area, as it is mounted on a surface and not freestanding.
  • the antenna can receive either vertically or horizontally polarised signals well, which is advantageous in applications where scattering due to buildings and other structures occurs.
  • the antenna also has the advantage of not requiring impedance matching electronics.
  • a simple square antenna of the proportions of one of the square elements forming the antenna, with conductors 1mm wide and 25 microns thick, has an impedance of about 100 ohms. Because the present antenna arrangement has in effect two impedances of this size in parallel, the impedance is about 50 ohms, and so the inventive antenna can be directly connected to a standard 50 ohm cable. This reduction in impedance is inherent in the design.
  • the present invention provides a method for providing conductive elements on a substrate, including the steps of:
  • the conductive material may be conveniently copper.
  • the parameters of the electroplating process will depend upon the process selected, but should be such as to provide an adequate thickness of copper, but not so much that too much copper is deposited and the pattern becomes vulnerable to mechanical failure.
  • the inventor has found that in the cellular phone application a thickness of about 25 microns is suitable.
  • the pattern is suitably printed using a screen printing process.
  • a large sheet of flexible material can be printed and cut using a suitable tool to provide many antenna arrays.
  • a double sided adhesive film preferably transparent, is applied both to provide a mechanism for adhesion to the desired surface, and to inhibit corrosion of the copper.
  • the inventors have investigated various methods for practical manufacture of the antenna. Whilst the invention arose in this context, it will be understood that the inventive method can equally be applied to manufacture of other conductor on substrate devices.
  • the use of conductive ink alone did not provide suitable resistive properties for the antenna, and the addition of electrodeposition to the printing approach was only arrived at after significant trial and error.
  • the present invention is principally described in terms of a device designed to be adhered to a surface as an add-on device.
  • inventive antenna design could be formed as part of an article or within, for example, part of a vehicle or a casing for an electronic device.
  • FIG. 1 an embodiment of the present invention suitable for use for cellular telephone frequencies is shown.
  • the device 10 is shown with dimensions suitable for 900 MHz +/- 50MHz - however, it will be understood that the dimensions can be altered for any desired band.
  • Antenna 10 is generally rectangular in shape, and is formed from two elements 12, 13. Each of these is connected to the outer part 16 of connector element 20. Central element 14 forms the common side of the square formed by both elements 12, 13 and is connected to the center component 15 of connector 20.
  • the antenna dimensions are shown on the figure.
  • the tracks are desirably about 1mm across and about 30 microns thick, including both the conductive ink and the copper.
  • the corners are shown as right angles, the corners may be rounded if desired.
  • the antenna elements are mounted on a sheet 11, shown in dotted outline, of suitable flexible material. This may be any suitable substrate, for example clear polyester, or any material used for flexible PCBs. It is preferred that the material be transparent, particularly for in-vehicle use, so as to minimise the obstruction to vision. In the applications discussed, the film is suitably between 75 and 300 microns thick.
  • a full wave loop is a simple square. It is known that the gain of a full wave loop over an isotropic (point source) radiator is 3 dB. For two such loop being fed simultaneously the gain would be an additional 3dB, giving a total of 6dB. However, as the central element 14 is common to both loops 12,13, the realised gain is 4.5dB.
  • L K/F
  • F the frequency
  • K a constant which varies with the dielectric properties of the material surrounding the conductor.
  • the dielectric properties of the substrate need to be considered. It will be appreciated that in use the dielectric properties of the surface adhered to, for example the windshield glass, will also be relevant to the constant K and consequently to the length L.
  • FIG. 2 shows a preferred form of the present invention, in which additional elements 17, 18 are provided respectively inside elements 13, 12.
  • the additional elements provide an antenna adapted for reception of different frequency bands.
  • Each element 17,18 is connected to the central element 14 and to its respective outer element 13, 12 near the connection point.
  • This design is based upon a recognition that for many applications reception on multiple bands is useful, and also that multiple harmonics of the 900Mhz band fall close to other bands, in this case the Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) band at 1575MHz, and Personal Communication System (PCS) band at 1800-2000 MHz.
  • GPS Global Positioning Satellite
  • PCS Personal Communication System
  • the additional elements allow for proper resonance on these bands.
  • the theoretical gain for GPS band is 6dB and for PCS is 7.5dB. It will be understood that it is possible within the scope of the present invention to have further additional elements within elements 17, 18 if desired to provide additional band coverage for certain applications.
  • the standard technique used for flexible PCBs made from materials such as polyester is to screen print silver based polymer conductive ink, for example Acheson Electrodag 477SS.
  • a resistivity of about 0.01 ohm/square is acceptable.
  • a lower resistivity is desirable, and the use of solid copper tracks was indicated.
  • copper track flexible PCBs are used in other applications, the finished product produced is not acceptable for the present application.
  • the material used is not suited chemically to standard PCB etching processes - particularly in terms of remaining transparent and of acceptable appearance after processing.
  • the inventive process is described by the flowchart shown in Figure 5.
  • the desired art work is prepared. This in use will normally be many - for example 20 - antenna units on a single sheet.
  • the artwork is then screen printed onto the film using a suitable conductive ink.
  • the screen printing must be done to a suitable level of detail - for example, using a 230 mesh stainless steel printing screen.
  • This is then cured and dried as required for the ink - for example, using Acheson Electrodag 477SS for about 8 minutes at 150° C in a conveyorised convection oven.
  • the sheet is then placed in an electroplating bath, with the conductors arranged to act as the depositing electrode.
  • the solution, time and current will depend on the specific process used. However, particular care needs to be taken with current levels in the conductive track.
  • the electroplating should produce a sufficiently thick layer on the track, for example 25 microns. This provides an antenna with a track resistance of about .001 ohm/square, and leaves the substrate transparent.
  • a fresh solution of electrolyte for example Cuprax
  • Cuprax should be used and must not have any form of contamination, for example from previous use of the solution. In standard electroplating some degree of contamination can be tolerated - this is not feasible for the present application.
  • Initial plating current is low, for example about 4 Amps for 5 minutes. This is so that a thin layer of copper is deposited on the conductive ink, and in turn carries the higher current required for normal electroplating processes. If a higher current is used, the conductive ink overheats causing potential problems. The conductive ink may separate from the substrate, or leave discoloration or burn marks. The final current used is 8-10 Amps for a further 10 minutes.
  • a double sided clear adhesive for example 3M laminating adhesive, is then applied to the copper track side of the polyester film. This provides a means of attachment to the mounting surface, and inhibits oxidation of the copper.
  • a suitable arrangement for example a guillotine or knife tool, is then used to remove each antenna device from the film sheet.
  • a further problem relates to affixing a connector to the completed film antenna.
  • the clear film used in the preferred implementation cannot tolerate the high temperatures involved with, for example, soldering.
  • Figure 4 shows in exploded view an arrangement developed by the inventor to enable connection.
  • Element 20 is the connection part of the copper track. It will be appreciated that this is held between the substrate film 11, and the double sided adhesive film (not shown) and so the contacts are not exposed for simple connection. Shim 21 is placed below element 20, and socket 22 above element 20. Conductive rivets, for example of brass, are inserted through the openings 24,25,26,27 in the shim, through element 20, and through the corresponding holes in socket 22. This provides an electrical connection between the body of socket 22 and the outer part 16 of element 20. A further rivet passes through the central part 15 of element 20 and into the central part of socket 22. Plug 23 can then be readily connected illustratively by a force-fit mechanical connection, so as to provide a cable link to the device for connection to the antenna.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a connection arrangement for a device according to figure 2 - where multiple bands are received, and it is desired to connect these to separate devices.
  • these are a cellular phone and a GPS receiver.
  • Antenna 30 is connected via socket 22 to plug 23 on cable 24. Cable 24 connects the antenna to antenna power splitter unit 25. This then provides a connection 26 for a cellular phone, and a connection 27 for a GPS receiver.
  • the antenna power splitter 25 Devices suitable for use as the antenna power splitter 25 are commercially available. The function of this device is to ioslate the output ports 26, 27 from each other so that the resepctive devices donot interfere with each other. In this specific context, the concern would be to ensure that the cellular phone's tranmit energy does find its way to the GPS receiver. It is desirable that the antenna power splitter would have an isolation factor of at least -25dB in this application. It will be appreciated that the necessary isolation will depend on the devices intended to be connected to the antenna 30.
  • inventive antenna could be adhered to an internal or external building wall, or used to implement a wireless LAN or other data network. It could be readily used, with modifications to suit band changes, for mobile or fixed data logging and transfer.
  • the inventive method could be applied wherever a highly conductive pattern is required, particularly where a transparent substrate is used.

Landscapes

  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP98116584A 1997-09-19 1998-09-02 Planarantennenanordnung Expired - Lifetime EP0903805B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPO929897 1997-09-19
AUPO9298/97 1997-09-19
AUPO9298A AUPO929897A0 (en) 1997-09-19 1997-09-19 Transparent mobile communication antenna
US98771 1998-06-17
US09/098,771 US6252550B1 (en) 1998-06-17 1998-06-17 Planar antenna device

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0903805A2 true EP0903805A2 (de) 1999-03-24
EP0903805A3 EP0903805A3 (de) 1999-06-09
EP0903805B1 EP0903805B1 (de) 2003-08-06

Family

ID=25645616

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98116584A Expired - Lifetime EP0903805B1 (de) 1997-09-19 1998-09-02 Planarantennenanordnung

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0903805B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE246847T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69816922T2 (de)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2355116A (en) * 1999-10-08 2001-04-11 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd Flexible planar mobile 'phone antenna
EP1266426A4 (de) * 2000-03-13 2004-12-08 Rcd Technology Inc Verfahren zur bildung einer hochfrequenzantenne aus leitfähigen farbstoffen
EP1555715A1 (de) * 2004-01-13 2005-07-20 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Antennenanordnung und Mobilfunkgerät mit einer solchen Vorrichtung
EP1388186A4 (de) * 2001-03-26 2005-08-17 Daniel Luch Elektrisch leitfähige muster, antennen und herstellungsverfahren
WO2007037999A1 (en) * 2005-09-26 2007-04-05 Motorola Inc. Multi-band antenna
US7268740B2 (en) 2000-03-13 2007-09-11 Rcd Technology Inc. Method for forming radio frequency antenna
US7298331B2 (en) 2000-03-13 2007-11-20 Rcd Technology, Inc. Method for forming radio frequency antenna
EP1901392A1 (de) * 2006-09-14 2008-03-19 Nippon Sheet Glass Company Limited Filmantennenvorrichtung für Fahrzeuge
US7377447B2 (en) 2005-12-05 2008-05-27 Rcd Technology, Inc. Tuned radio frequency identification (RFID) circuit used as a security device for wristbands and package security
US7388542B2 (en) 2005-11-10 2008-06-17 Rcd Technology, Inc. Method for an element using two resist layers
WO2008066811A3 (en) * 2006-11-30 2008-07-24 Corning Cable Sys Llc Locatable fibre optic cable comprising antenna of conductive ink
US7456506B2 (en) 2005-03-14 2008-11-25 Rcd Technology Inc. Radio frequency identification (RFID) tag lamination process using liner
US7456752B2 (en) 2003-05-06 2008-11-25 Rcd Technology, Inc. Radio frequency identification sensor for fluid level
US7674649B2 (en) 2005-03-14 2010-03-09 Rcd Technology Inc. Radio frequency identification (RFID) tag lamination process using liner
WO2015110658A1 (de) * 2014-01-27 2015-07-30 Hirschmann Car Communication Gmbh Fahrzeugantennen mit einem flexiblen substrat als antennenträger
WO2020259981A1 (de) 2019-06-25 2020-12-30 Saint-Gobain Glass France Elektrisches anschlusselement für eine verglasung
DE102020120040B4 (de) 2020-07-29 2024-08-14 Wilhelm Sihn Jr. Gmbh & Co. Kg Folienantenne

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1983002538A1 (en) * 1982-01-04 1983-07-21 Gen Electric Electroplated augmentative replacement processed conductors and manufacture thereof
US4470883A (en) * 1983-05-02 1984-09-11 General Electric Company Additive printed circuit process
GB2172438A (en) * 1985-03-16 1986-09-17 Marconi Electronic Devices Printed circuits
US4737797A (en) * 1986-06-26 1988-04-12 Motorola, Inc. Microstrip balun-antenna apparatus
CN87211386U (zh) * 1987-11-16 1988-08-24 上海市东海军工技术工程公司 全频道电视平面接收天线
GB8928640D0 (en) * 1989-12-19 1990-02-21 Technology Applic Company Limi Electrical conductors of conductive resin
US5363114A (en) * 1990-01-29 1994-11-08 Shoemaker Kevin O Planar serpentine antennas
US4985116A (en) * 1990-02-23 1991-01-15 Mint-Pac Technologies, Inc. Three dimensional plating or etching process and masks therefor
KR920022585A (ko) * 1991-05-14 1992-12-19 오오가 노리오 플레이너 안테나
CH684540A5 (de) * 1991-12-24 1994-10-14 Shih Chang Hsu Verfahren zur Herstellung mehrschichtiger Muster aus Metall.
JPH0955618A (ja) * 1995-08-17 1997-02-25 Murata Mfg Co Ltd チップアンテナ
EP0786824A1 (de) * 1996-01-27 1997-07-30 Akitoshi Imamura Mikroschleifenantenne

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2355116A (en) * 1999-10-08 2001-04-11 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd Flexible planar mobile 'phone antenna
GB2355116B (en) * 1999-10-08 2003-10-08 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd An antenna assembly and method of construction
US6784844B1 (en) 1999-10-08 2004-08-31 Nokia Mobile Phone Limited Antenna assembly and method of construction
US7268740B2 (en) 2000-03-13 2007-09-11 Rcd Technology Inc. Method for forming radio frequency antenna
US6933892B2 (en) 2000-03-13 2005-08-23 Rcd Technology Corp. Method for forming radio frequency antenna
US7515116B2 (en) 2000-03-13 2009-04-07 Rcd Technology, Inc. Method for forming radio frequency antenna
US7298331B2 (en) 2000-03-13 2007-11-20 Rcd Technology, Inc. Method for forming radio frequency antenna
EP1266426A4 (de) * 2000-03-13 2004-12-08 Rcd Technology Inc Verfahren zur bildung einer hochfrequenzantenne aus leitfähigen farbstoffen
US7639184B2 (en) 2000-03-13 2009-12-29 Rcd Technology Inc. Method for forming radio frequency antenna
EP1388186A4 (de) * 2001-03-26 2005-08-17 Daniel Luch Elektrisch leitfähige muster, antennen und herstellungsverfahren
US7456752B2 (en) 2003-05-06 2008-11-25 Rcd Technology, Inc. Radio frequency identification sensor for fluid level
EP1555715A1 (de) * 2004-01-13 2005-07-20 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Antennenanordnung und Mobilfunkgerät mit einer solchen Vorrichtung
US7358906B2 (en) 2004-01-13 2008-04-15 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Antenna device and mobile communication terminal equipped with antenna device
US7456506B2 (en) 2005-03-14 2008-11-25 Rcd Technology Inc. Radio frequency identification (RFID) tag lamination process using liner
US7674649B2 (en) 2005-03-14 2010-03-09 Rcd Technology Inc. Radio frequency identification (RFID) tag lamination process using liner
WO2007037999A1 (en) * 2005-09-26 2007-04-05 Motorola Inc. Multi-band antenna
US7388542B2 (en) 2005-11-10 2008-06-17 Rcd Technology, Inc. Method for an element using two resist layers
US7377447B2 (en) 2005-12-05 2008-05-27 Rcd Technology, Inc. Tuned radio frequency identification (RFID) circuit used as a security device for wristbands and package security
EP1901392A1 (de) * 2006-09-14 2008-03-19 Nippon Sheet Glass Company Limited Filmantennenvorrichtung für Fahrzeuge
US7526163B2 (en) 2006-11-30 2009-04-28 Corning Cable Systems Llc Locatable cables and cable components therefor
WO2008066811A3 (en) * 2006-11-30 2008-07-24 Corning Cable Sys Llc Locatable fibre optic cable comprising antenna of conductive ink
WO2015110658A1 (de) * 2014-01-27 2015-07-30 Hirschmann Car Communication Gmbh Fahrzeugantennen mit einem flexiblen substrat als antennenträger
DE102015201379B4 (de) * 2014-01-27 2021-02-11 Hirschmann Car Communication Gmbh Fahrzeugantennen mit einem flexiblen Substrat als Antennenträger
WO2020259981A1 (de) 2019-06-25 2020-12-30 Saint-Gobain Glass France Elektrisches anschlusselement für eine verglasung
DE202020005572U1 (de) 2019-06-25 2021-11-03 Saint-Gobain Glass France Elektrisches Anschlusselement für eine Verglasung
DE102020120040B4 (de) 2020-07-29 2024-08-14 Wilhelm Sihn Jr. Gmbh & Co. Kg Folienantenne

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69816922D1 (de) 2003-09-11
EP0903805B1 (de) 2003-08-06
DE69816922T2 (de) 2004-07-15
ATE246847T1 (de) 2003-08-15
EP0903805A3 (de) 1999-06-09

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