EP0907031A2 - Device for controlling a hydraulic cylinder in a self-propelled harvester - Google Patents

Device for controlling a hydraulic cylinder in a self-propelled harvester Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0907031A2
EP0907031A2 EP98115143A EP98115143A EP0907031A2 EP 0907031 A2 EP0907031 A2 EP 0907031A2 EP 98115143 A EP98115143 A EP 98115143A EP 98115143 A EP98115143 A EP 98115143A EP 0907031 A2 EP0907031 A2 EP 0907031A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pump
hydraulic cylinder
valve
variable displacement
control unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98115143A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0907031B1 (en
EP0907031A3 (en
Inventor
Günter Eis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Claas Selbstfahrende Erntemaschinen GmbH
Original Assignee
Claas Selbstfahrende Erntemaschinen GmbH
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Publication of EP0907031A2 publication Critical patent/EP0907031A2/en
Publication of EP0907031A3 publication Critical patent/EP0907031A3/en
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Publication of EP0907031B1 publication Critical patent/EP0907031B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/16—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B21/00—Common features of fluid actuator systems; Fluid-pressure actuator systems or details thereof, not covered by any other group of this subclass
    • F15B21/08—Servomotor systems incorporating electrically operated control means
    • F15B21/087—Control strategy, e.g. with block diagram
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/2053—Type of pump
    • F15B2211/20546—Type of pump variable capacity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40—Flow control
    • F15B2211/405—Flow control characterised by the type of flow control means or valve
    • F15B2211/40507—Flow control characterised by the type of flow control means or valve with constant throttles or orifices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40—Flow control
    • F15B2211/415—Flow control characterised by the connections of the flow control means in the circuit
    • F15B2211/41509—Flow control characterised by the connections of the flow control means in the circuit being connected to a pressure source and a directional control valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40—Flow control
    • F15B2211/45—Control of bleed-off flow, e.g. control of bypass flow to the return line
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40—Flow control
    • F15B2211/455—Control of flow in the feed line, i.e. meter-in control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/63—Electronic controllers
    • F15B2211/6303—Electronic controllers using input signals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/665—Methods of control using electronic components
    • F15B2211/6652—Control of the pressure source, e.g. control of the swash plate angle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/71—Multiple output members, e.g. multiple hydraulic motors or cylinders
    • F15B2211/7142—Multiple output members, e.g. multiple hydraulic motors or cylinders the output members being arranged in multiple groups
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/78—Control of multiple output members

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for controlling a Hydraulic cylinders in a self-propelled harvester with a variable displacement pump for pumping a hydraulic fluid and with at least one associated with the hydraulic cylinder Valve.
  • a hydraulic control circuit For actuating hydraulic cylinders, for example a header of a harvester or a conveyor of the same a hydraulic control circuit is known, which has variable pumps and proportional directional valves and depending on the particular need one with the Hydraulic cylinder connected consumer a corresponding Funding volume.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a device for Control of a hydraulic cylinder in a self-propelled Harvester specify which is a simple, inexpensive and effective control of hydraulic cylinders guaranteed.
  • the invention is characterized in that that the valve is designed as a switching valve and that the switching valve and the variable displacement pump are so electric can be controlled that that supplied by the variable displacement pump Delivery volume to the requirements of the hydraulic cylinder is adjusted.
  • the particular advantage of the invention is that the required quickly and to a sufficient extent on request Delivery volume for actuating the hydraulic cylinder can be provided. This is made possible through the combination of a fast-switching switching valve and a variable displacement pump, each of which can be operated electrically are.
  • variable displacement pump on the one hand and the switching valve on the other hand with a electrical control unit connected, the means for Generation of control signals depending on a predetermined Has actuation signal.
  • the electrical control unit enables the need-based control of the Variable pump, so that a consumer-dependent control of the correspondingly assigned hydraulic cylinder is effected.
  • the electrical Control unit a pump control signal, which is a stepless Setting the delivery volume supplied by the variable pump enables. This can make the different Speed and length requirements of the stroke are taken into account.
  • the electrical Control unit means for storing control curves for several hydraulic cylinders so that hydraulic cylinders are automatically operated in the specified order can.
  • the switching valves upstream of each a current valve by means of which the flow to the respective hydraulic cylinders can be adjusted.
  • a flow valve is preferred designed as a 3-way flow control valve that one is assigned to the first hydraulic cylinder, with a constant Volume flow branched off to further hydraulic cylinders becomes.
  • the device according to the invention can be used to actuate Used by self-propelled harvesters become. For example, a header in moved vertically or around a horizontal axis be pivoted. Furthermore, the device for actuation a swiveling grain tank outlet pipe, conveyor or feeder for the crop or for the Swiveling a cultivator used as a consumer become.
  • a variable displacement pump 2 is intended to convey a hydraulic fluid in a Delivery line 3 from a tank 4 to a switching valve 5.
  • the switching valve 5 is by means of another delivery line 6 connected to a connection of the hydraulic cylinder 1.
  • One on the opposite side of the hydraulic cylinder 1 connected drain line 7 carries the hydraulic fluid pressureless back via the switching valve 5 the tank 4.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 1 has a piston rod 8 with a on the same piston 9 connected at the end, which is movable are stored in the hydraulic cylinder 1.
  • a free one The end of the piston rod 8 extends outside the hydraulic cylinder 1 and is with a not shown Connected consumers.
  • the variable displacement pump 2 is designed as an axial piston pump and is electrically operated.
  • the variable displacement pump is for this purpose 2 through an electrical line 10 with a electrical control unit 11 electrically connected.
  • the Switch valve 5 is designed as a 4/3-way valve and is electromagnetic actuatable.
  • the switching valve 5 an electrical connecting line 12 to the electrical control unit 11.
  • the control unit 11 is electrically connected on the input side to a key element 13, preferably in a cab of the harvester is arranged.
  • a consumer connected to the hydraulic cylinder 1 in a predetermined position By pressing the button element 13, for example a consumer connected to the hydraulic cylinder 1 in a predetermined position can be pivoted.
  • the key element 13 gives an actuation signal to the control unit 11, the means for generating a pump control signal on the one hand and for generating a valve control signal on the other hand.
  • the pump control signal is via the electrical line 10 to the variable displacement pump 2 transmitted, the size of the pump control signal to one consumer-dependent volume flow corresponds.
  • the the switching valve via the electrical connecting line 12 5 Actuating valve control signal switches valve 5 such that the piston 9 moves in a predetermined direction becomes.
  • control unit 11 can also be used for control purposes serve several variable pumps 2 or switching valves 5, wherein consumer-dependent data of the respective variable pumps 2 and valves 5 are assigned.
  • electrical control unit 11 an integrated circuit on.
  • an electrical control unit 15 is provided for the control a variable displacement pump 16 and several switching valves 17, 17 ', 17' 'is used.
  • the control unit 15 via a control line 18 with the variable displacement pump 16 and Control lines 19, 19 ', 19' 'with the switching valves 17, 17 ', 17' 'connected.
  • the variable displacement pump 16 is on the pressure side connected to a 3-way flow control valve 20, the first Output via the switching valve 17 with a first hydraulic cylinder 21 is connected.
  • a second exit of the 3-way flow control valve 20 is each via a 2-way flow control valve 22, 22 'and corresponding switching valves 17 ', 17' 'with a second hydraulic cylinder 21' or a third hydraulic cylinder 21 ''.
  • the 3-way flow control valve 20 is designed such that a constant Volume flow in the direction of the two hydraulic cylinders 21 ', 21' 'is branched, the 2-way flow control valves 22, 22 'have an even distribution Hydraulic cylinder 21 ', 21' 'effect.
  • the control unit 15 is in each case with a Key element 23, a lever element 24 and a multi-function handle 25 connected as input elements.
  • These input elements 23, 24, 25 are each a hydraulic cylinder 21, 21 ', 21' 'assigned.
  • Pump control signal such a level that a needs-based Volume flow is generated by means of a valve control signal the control unit 15 addressed Switching valve 17 to the hydraulic cylinder 21 is promoted.
  • all input elements 23, 24, 25 is a correspondingly higher pump control signal to the Variable pump 16 delivered.
  • the 3-way flow control valve 20 guaranteed in connection with the 2-way flow control valves 22, 22 ' an even distribution of the volume flow to the hydraulic cylinders 21, 21 ', 21' '.
  • a sensor 26 with the electrical control unit 15 be electrically connected, so that depending a specific hydraulic cylinder from a sensor signal 21, 21 ', 21' 'is addressed.
  • the contour of the ground is detected by means of the sensor 26 be, a corresponding in the control unit 15 long pump control signal of a certain height and a corresponding one Valve assigned control signal generated is, so that the assigned according to the cutting unit Hydraulic cylinders ensure a certain cutting height can.
  • the control unit 15 has a microcontroller 28 on, in which the arithmetic operations for generation of the control signals are carried out. Farther can in a memory of the microcontroller 28 consumer-dependent Control data must be stored when there is a change or extension of the consumers to be operated can be.
  • the senor 26 can be used together with the multifunction handle 25 to a first hydraulic cylinder 21 Act.
  • the sensor signal causes a presetting the cutting unit if there is an uneven floor.
  • the sensor 26 is used in cooperation with the control unit 15 as an actuator, while later or at the same time an exact setting of the consumer is done manually. That way, faster to be reacted to external interference, the operator is relieved in its concentration.
  • the multi-function handle 25 with the control unit 15 be connected such that by pressing one Button 30 of the multi-function handle 25 a the hydraulic cylinder 21 controlling pump control signal is given, meanwhile by additionally pivoting the handle 29 the speed of movement of the piston 9 of the Hydraulic cylinder 21 is affected. For example by moving the handle 29 from a zero position forward an increased speed of the piston in a first direction and by moving the handle 29 after rear increased piston speed into one opposite direction. To this end becomes dependent on the control signal of the multifunction handle 25 a corresponding pump control signal to the Pump that is continuously adjustable and a correspondingly adjusted volume flow generated.
  • circuitry linking the Variable pump 2 on the one hand with the Sachlt valve 5 on the other is that noises due to movements of the Hydraulic lines 3, 6, 7 or more in the case of strong pressure fluctuations largely avoided in the hydraulic circuit become.
  • the invention is not based on the specified number of hydraulic cylinders limited. Of course it can other consumers connected to the hydraulic circuit be, with appropriate flow control valves upstream are.
  • variable displacement pump 2 can be replaced by a ramp-shaped one Pump control signal can be controlled, with a predetermined The piston stroke of the variable displacement pump 2 is fixed becomes.
  • the piston of the variable displacement pump 2 is here after a certain characteristic in one direction and then again moved in the opposite direction. After that you can the corresponding switching valve can be switched off.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Lifting Devices For Agricultural Implements (AREA)

Abstract

The arrangement includes a control pump for conveying a hydraulic fluid, and at least one associated valve which is formed as a switching valve (5), electrically controllable in conjunction with the pump (2) in such way, that the volume conveyed by the pump is adjusted to the need of the hydraulic cylinder (1). The valve and the pump are preferably connected with an electric control unit (11).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Steuerung eines Hydraulikzylinders in einer selbstfahrenden Erntemaschine mit einer Verstellpumpe zum Fördern einer Hydraulikflüssigkeit und mit mindestens einem dem Hydraulikzylinder zugeordneten Ventil.The invention relates to a device for controlling a Hydraulic cylinders in a self-propelled harvester with a variable displacement pump for pumping a hydraulic fluid and with at least one associated with the hydraulic cylinder Valve.

Zur Betätigung von Hydraulikzylindern, denen beispielsweise ein Vorsatz einer Erntemaschine oder ein Förderer derselben zugeordnet ist, ist ein hydraulischer Regelkreis bekannt, der Verstellpumpen und proportionale Wegeventile aufweist und in Abhängigkeit von dem jeweiligen Bedarf eines mit dem Hydraulikzylinder verbundenen Verbrauchers ein entsprechendes Fördervolumen einstellt.For actuating hydraulic cylinders, for example a header of a harvester or a conveyor of the same a hydraulic control circuit is known, which has variable pumps and proportional directional valves and depending on the particular need one with the Hydraulic cylinder connected consumer a corresponding Funding volume.

Ferner ist aus der WO 97 02 432 A1 ein hydraulischer Regelkreis bekannt, der in Abhängigkeit von mehreren Zustandsgrößen die Stellung eines Steuerventils einerseits und den von der Pumpe gelieferten Volumenstrom andererseits derart bestimmt, daß der Kolben des Hydraulikzylinders eine gewünschte Lage einnimmt. Die aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Vorrichtungen weisen jedoch den Nachteil auf, daß sie für den Einsatz in selbstfahrenden Erntemaschinen relativ aufwendig und kostenintensiv sind.Furthermore, from WO 97 02 432 A1 is a hydraulic control circuit known, depending on several state variables the position of a control valve on the one hand and the Volume flow supplied by the pump on the other hand determines that the piston of the hydraulic cylinder has a desired one Takes position. The known from the prior art However, devices have the disadvantage that relative for use in self-propelled harvesters are complex and costly.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, eine Vorrichtung zur Steuerung eines Hydraulikzylinders in einer selbstfahrenden Erntemaschine anzugeben, die auf einfache Weise eine kostengünstige und effektive Steuerung von Hydraulikzylindern gewährleistet.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a device for Control of a hydraulic cylinder in a self-propelled Harvester specify which is a simple, inexpensive and effective control of hydraulic cylinders guaranteed.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist die Erfindung dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Ventil als Schaltventil ausgebildet ist und daß das Schaltventil und die Verstellpumpe derart elektrisch ansteuerbar sind, daß das von der Verstellpumpe gelieferte Fördervolumen an den Bedarf des Hydraulikzylinders angepaßt ist.To achieve this object, the invention is characterized in that that the valve is designed as a switching valve and that the switching valve and the variable displacement pump are so electric can be controlled that that supplied by the variable displacement pump Delivery volume to the requirements of the hydraulic cylinder is adjusted.

Der besondere Vorteil der Erfindung ist darin zu sehen, daß auf Anforderung schnell und in ausreichendem Maße das erforderliche Fördervolumen zur Betätigung des Hydraulikzylinders bereitgestellt werden kann. Dies wird ermöglicht durch die Kombination eines schnellschaltenden Schaltventils und einer Verstellpumpe, die jeweils elektrisch betätigbar sind.The particular advantage of the invention is that the required quickly and to a sufficient extent on request Delivery volume for actuating the hydraulic cylinder can be provided. This is made possible through the combination of a fast-switching switching valve and a variable displacement pump, each of which can be operated electrically are.

Nach einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind die Verstellpumpe einerseits und das Schaltventil andererseits mit einer elektrischen Steuereinheit verbunden, die Mittel zur Erzeugung von Stellsignalen in Abhängigkeit von einem vorgegebenen Betätigungssignal aufweist. Die elektrische Steuereinheit ermöglicht eine bedarfsgerechte Ansteuerung der Verstellpumpe, so daß zentral eine verbraucherabhängige Ansteuerung des entsprechend zugeordneten Hydraulikzylinders bewirkt wird.According to one embodiment of the invention, the variable displacement pump on the one hand and the switching valve on the other hand with a electrical control unit connected, the means for Generation of control signals depending on a predetermined Has actuation signal. The electrical control unit enables the need-based control of the Variable pump, so that a consumer-dependent control of the correspondingly assigned hydraulic cylinder is effected.

Nach einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung erzeugt die elektrische Steuereinheit ein Pumpen-Stellsignal, das eine stufenlose Einstellung des von der Verstellpumpe gelieferten Fördervolumens ermöglicht. Hierdurch kann den unterschiedlichen Anforderungen hinsichtlich Geschwindigkeit und Länge des Hubes Rechnung getragen werden.According to a development of the invention, the electrical Control unit a pump control signal, which is a stepless Setting the delivery volume supplied by the variable pump enables. This can make the different Speed and length requirements of the stroke are taken into account.

Nach einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung weist die elektrische Steuereinheit Mittel zur Speicherung von Steuerkurven für mehrere Hydraulikzylinder auf, so daß Hydraulikzylinder automatisch in vorgegebener Reihenfolge betätigt werden können.According to a development of the invention, the electrical Control unit means for storing control curves for several hydraulic cylinders so that hydraulic cylinders are automatically operated in the specified order can.

Nach einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung sind den Schaltventilen jeweils ein Stromventil vorgeschaltet, mittels dessen der zu den jeweiligen Hydraulikzylindern geleitete Förderstrom eingestellt werden kann. Vorzugsweise ist ein Stromventil als 3-Wege-Stromregelventil ausgebildet, das einem ersten Hydraulikzylinder zugeordnet ist, wobei ein konstanter Volumenstrom zu weiteren Hydraulikzylindern abgezweigt wird.According to a development of the invention, the switching valves upstream of each a current valve, by means of which the flow to the respective hydraulic cylinders can be adjusted. A flow valve is preferred designed as a 3-way flow control valve that one is assigned to the first hydraulic cylinder, with a constant Volume flow branched off to further hydraulic cylinders becomes.

Zwei Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Two embodiments of the invention are as follows explained in more detail with reference to the drawings.

Es zeigen:

Figur 1:
ein Blockschaltbild der Vorrichtung nach einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel und
Figur 2:
ein Blockschaltbild der Vorrichtung nach einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel.
Show it:
Figure 1:
a block diagram of the device according to a first embodiment and
Figure 2:
a block diagram of the device according to a second embodiment.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung kann zur Betätigung von Verbrauchern von selbstfahrenden Erntemaschinen verwendet werden. Beispielsweise kann ein Erntemaschinenvorsatz in vertikaler Richtung bewegt oder um eine horizontale Achse verschwenkt werden. Weiterhin kann die Vorrichtung zur Betätigung eines schwenkbaren Korntankauslaufrohres, Förderers bzw. Schrägförderers für das Erntegut oder für das Verschwenken eines Anbauhäckslers als Verbraucher verwendet werden.The device according to the invention can be used to actuate Used by self-propelled harvesters become. For example, a header in moved vertically or around a horizontal axis be pivoted. Furthermore, the device for actuation a swiveling grain tank outlet pipe, conveyor or feeder for the crop or for the Swiveling a cultivator used as a consumer become.

Nach einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 1 weist die Vorrichtung einen einzigen Hydraulikzylinder 1 auf zur Betätigung eines Verbrauchers. Eine Verstellpumpe 2 ist vorgesehen zur Förderung einer Hydraulikflüssigkeit in einer Förderleitung 3 von einem Tank 4 zu einem Schaltventil 5. Das Schaltventil 5 ist mittels einer weiteren Förderleitung 6 mit einem Anschluß des Hydraulikzylinders 1 verbunden. Eine auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite des Hydraulikzylinders 1 angeschlossene Ablaufleitung 7 führt die Hydraulikflüssigkeit drucklos über das Schaltventil 5 zurück zu dem Tank 4. According to a first embodiment according to FIG. 1 the device to a single hydraulic cylinder 1 Operation of a consumer. A variable displacement pump 2 is intended to convey a hydraulic fluid in a Delivery line 3 from a tank 4 to a switching valve 5. The switching valve 5 is by means of another delivery line 6 connected to a connection of the hydraulic cylinder 1. One on the opposite side of the hydraulic cylinder 1 connected drain line 7 carries the hydraulic fluid pressureless back via the switching valve 5 the tank 4.

Der Hydraulikzylinder 1 weist eine Kolbenstange 8 mit einem an demselben endseitig anschließenden Kolben 9 auf, die beweglich in dem Hydraulikzylinder 1 gelagert sind. Ein freies Ende der Kolbenstange 8 erstreckt sich außerhalb des Hydraulikzylinders 1 und ist mit einem nicht dargestellten Verbraucher wirkverbunden.The hydraulic cylinder 1 has a piston rod 8 with a on the same piston 9 connected at the end, which is movable are stored in the hydraulic cylinder 1. A free one The end of the piston rod 8 extends outside the hydraulic cylinder 1 and is with a not shown Connected consumers.

Die Verstellpumpe 2 ist als Axialkolbenpumpe ausgebildet und ist elektrisch betätigbar. Zu diesem Zweck ist die Verstellpumpe 2 durch eine elektrische Leitung 10 mit einer elektrischen Steuereinheit 11 elektrisch verbunden. Das Schaltventil 5 ist als 4/3-Wegeventil ausgebildet und elektromagnetisch betätigbar. Zu diesem Zweck weist das Schaltventil 5 eine elektrische Verbindungsleitung 12 zu der elektrischen Steuereinheit 11 auf. Die Steuereinheit 11 ist eingangsseitig mit einem Tastenelement 13 elektrisch verbunden, das vorzugsweise in einem Führerhaus der Erntemaschine angeordnet ist.The variable displacement pump 2 is designed as an axial piston pump and is electrically operated. The variable displacement pump is for this purpose 2 through an electrical line 10 with a electrical control unit 11 electrically connected. The Switch valve 5 is designed as a 4/3-way valve and is electromagnetic actuatable. For this purpose, the switching valve 5 an electrical connecting line 12 to the electrical control unit 11. The control unit 11 is electrically connected on the input side to a key element 13, preferably in a cab of the harvester is arranged.

Durch Betätigung des Tastenelements 13 kann beispielsweise ein mit dem Hydraulikzylinder 1 verbundener Verbraucher in eine vorgegebene Position verschwenkt werden. Das Tastenelement 13 gibt ein Betätigungssignal an die Steuereinheit 11 ab, das Mittel zur Erzeugung eines Pumpen-Stellsignals einerseits und zur Erzeugung eines Ventil-Stellsignals andererseits aufweist. Das Pumpen-Stellsignal wird über die elektrische Leitung 10 an die Verstellpumpe 2 übertragen, wobei die Größe des Pumpen-Stellsignals zu einem verbraucherabhängigen Volumenstrom korrespondiert. Das über die elektrische Verbindungsleitung 12 das Schaltventil 5 beaufschlagende Ventil-Stellsignal schaltet das Ventil 5 derart, daß der Kolben 9 in eine vorgegebene Richtung bewegt wird.By pressing the button element 13, for example a consumer connected to the hydraulic cylinder 1 in a predetermined position can be pivoted. The key element 13 gives an actuation signal to the control unit 11, the means for generating a pump control signal on the one hand and for generating a valve control signal on the other hand. The pump control signal is via the electrical line 10 to the variable displacement pump 2 transmitted, the size of the pump control signal to one consumer-dependent volume flow corresponds. The the switching valve via the electrical connecting line 12 5 Actuating valve control signal switches valve 5 such that the piston 9 moves in a predetermined direction becomes.

Alternativ kann die Steuereinheit 11 auch zur Steuerung mehrerer Verstellpumpen 2 bzw. Schaltventile 5 dienen, wobei verbraucherabhängige Daten den jeweiligen Verstellpumpen 2 und Ventilen 5 zugeordnet sind. Zu diesem Zweck weist die elektrische Steuereinheit 11 einen integrierten Schaltkreis auf.Alternatively, the control unit 11 can also be used for control purposes serve several variable pumps 2 or switching valves 5, wherein consumer-dependent data of the respective variable pumps 2 and valves 5 are assigned. For this purpose points the electrical control unit 11 an integrated circuit on.

Nach einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 2 ist eine elektrische Steuereinheit 15 vorgesehen, die zur Ansteuerung einer Verstellpumpe 16 und mehrerer Schaltventile 17, 17', 17'' dient. Zu diesem Zweck ist die Steuereinheit 15 über eine Steuerleitung 18 mit der Verstellpumpe 16 und Steuerleitungen 19, 19', 19'' mit den Schaltventilen 17, 17', 17'' verbunden. Die Verstellpumpe 16 ist druckseitig mit einem 3-Wege-Stromregelventil 20 verbunden, dessen erster Ausgang über das Schaltventil 17 mit einem ersten Hydraulikzylinder 21 verbunden ist. Ein zweiter Ausgang des 3-Wege-Stromregelventils 20 ist jeweils über ein 2-Wege-Stromregelventil 22, 22' sowie entsprechenden Schaltventilen 17', 17'' mit einem zweiten Hydraulikzylinder 21' bzw. einem dritten Hydraulikzylinder 21'' verbunden. Das 3-Wege-Stromregelventil 20 ist derart ausgebildet, daß ein konstanter Volumenstrom in Richtung der beiden Hydraulikzylinder 21', 21'' abgezweigt wird, wobei die 2-Wege-Stromregelventile 22, 22' eine gleichmäßige Verteilung auf Hydraulikzylinder 21', 21'' bewirken.According to a second embodiment according to FIG an electrical control unit 15 is provided for the control a variable displacement pump 16 and several switching valves 17, 17 ', 17' 'is used. For this purpose the control unit 15 via a control line 18 with the variable displacement pump 16 and Control lines 19, 19 ', 19' 'with the switching valves 17, 17 ', 17' 'connected. The variable displacement pump 16 is on the pressure side connected to a 3-way flow control valve 20, the first Output via the switching valve 17 with a first hydraulic cylinder 21 is connected. A second exit of the 3-way flow control valve 20 is each via a 2-way flow control valve 22, 22 'and corresponding switching valves 17 ', 17' 'with a second hydraulic cylinder 21' or a third hydraulic cylinder 21 ''. The 3-way flow control valve 20 is designed such that a constant Volume flow in the direction of the two hydraulic cylinders 21 ', 21' 'is branched, the 2-way flow control valves 22, 22 'have an even distribution Hydraulic cylinder 21 ', 21' 'effect.

Eingangsseitig ist die Steuereinheit 15 jeweils mit einem Tastenelement 23, einem Hebelelement 24 und einem Multifunktionsgriff 25 als Eingabeelemente verbunden. Diese Eingabeelemente 23, 24, 25 sind jeweils einem Hydraulikzylinder 21, 21', 21'' zugeordnet. Bei Ansteuerung eines einzigen Hydraulikzylinders 21 mittels Betätigung des Tastenelements 23 erfolgt ein an die Verstellpumpe 16 gerichtetes Pumpen-Stellsignals solcher Höhe, daß ein bedarfsgerechter Volumenstrom erzeugt wird, der über ein mittels eines Ventil-Stellsignals der Steuereinheit 15 angesprochenes Schaltventil 17 zu dem Hydraulikzyliner 21 gefördert wird. Bei gleichzeitiger Betätigung aller Eingabeelemente 23, 24, 25 wird ein entsprechend höheres Pumpen-Stellsignal an die Verstellpumpe 16 abgegeben. Das 3-Wege-Stromregelventil 20 in Verbindung mit den 2-Wege-Stromregelventilen 22, 22' gewährleistet eine gleichmäßige Verteilung des Volumenstroms an die Hydraulikzylinder 21, 21', 21''.On the input side, the control unit 15 is in each case with a Key element 23, a lever element 24 and a multi-function handle 25 connected as input elements. These input elements 23, 24, 25 are each a hydraulic cylinder 21, 21 ', 21' 'assigned. When controlling a single one Hydraulic cylinder 21 by pressing the button element 23 is a directed to the variable displacement pump 16 Pump control signal such a level that a needs-based Volume flow is generated by means of a valve control signal the control unit 15 addressed Switching valve 17 to the hydraulic cylinder 21 is promoted. When all input elements 23, 24, 25 is a correspondingly higher pump control signal to the Variable pump 16 delivered. The 3-way flow control valve 20 guaranteed in connection with the 2-way flow control valves 22, 22 ' an even distribution of the volume flow to the hydraulic cylinders 21, 21 ', 21' '.

Zusätzlich kann ein Sensor 26 mit der elektrischen Steuereinheit 15 elektrisch verbunden sein, so daß in Abhängigkeit von einem Sensorsignal ein bestimmter Hydraulikzylinder 21, 21', 21'' angesprochen wird. Beispielsweise kann mittels des Sensors 26 die Kontur des Bodens detektiert werden, wobei in der Steuereinheit 15 ein korrespondierend langes Pumpen-Stellsignal bestimmter Höhe und ein dem entsprechenden Ventil zugeordnetes Ventil-Stellsignal erzeugt wird, so daß der entsprechend dem Schneidwerk zugeordnete Hydraulikzylinder eine bestimmte Schnitthöhe gewährleisten kann. Zu diesem Zweck weist die Steuereinheit 15 einen Mikrocontroller 28 auf, in dem die Rechenoperationen zur Erzeugung der Stellsignale durchgeführt werden. Weiterhin können in einem Speicher des Mikrocontrollers 28 verbraucherabhängige Steuerungsdaten abgelegt sein, die bei Änderung oder Erweiterung der zu betätigenden Verbraucher herangezogen werden können.In addition, a sensor 26 with the electrical control unit 15 be electrically connected, so that depending a specific hydraulic cylinder from a sensor signal 21, 21 ', 21' 'is addressed. For example the contour of the ground is detected by means of the sensor 26 be, a corresponding in the control unit 15 long pump control signal of a certain height and a corresponding one Valve assigned control signal generated is, so that the assigned according to the cutting unit Hydraulic cylinders ensure a certain cutting height can. For this purpose, the control unit 15 has a microcontroller 28 on, in which the arithmetic operations for generation of the control signals are carried out. Farther can in a memory of the microcontroller 28 consumer-dependent Control data must be stored when there is a change or extension of the consumers to be operated can be.

Beispielsweise kann der Sensor 26 zusammen mit dem Multifunktionsgriff 25 auf einen ersten Hydraulikzylinder 21 wirken. Dabei bewirkt das Sensorsignal eine Voreinstellung des Schneidwerks bei Vorliegen einer Bodenunebenheit. Mittels des Multifunktionsgriffs 25 kann die Bedienperson die Richtung der Schneidwerkbewegung korrigierend durch Verschwenken eines Haltegriffs 29 des Multifunktionsgriffs 25 in eine oder in eine entgegengesetzte Richtung nachstellen. Bei dieser Ausführung dient der Sensor 26 im Zusammenwirken mit der Steuereinheit 15 als Vorstellglied, während später oder gleichzeitig eine genaue Einstellung des Verbrauchers manuell vorgenommen wird. Auf diese Weise kann schneller auf äußere Störeinflüsse reagiert werden, wobei die Bedienperson in seiner Konzentration entlastet wird.For example, the sensor 26 can be used together with the multifunction handle 25 to a first hydraulic cylinder 21 Act. The sensor signal causes a presetting the cutting unit if there is an uneven floor. Means of the multi-function handle 25, the operator can Correcting the direction of the cutterbar movement by swiveling a handle 29 of the multi-function handle 25 readjust in one or in an opposite direction. In this embodiment, the sensor 26 is used in cooperation with the control unit 15 as an actuator, while later or at the same time an exact setting of the consumer is done manually. That way, faster to be reacted to external interference, the operator is relieved in its concentration.

Alternativ kann der Multifunktionsgriff 25 mit der Steuereinheit 15 derart verbunden sein, daß durch Drücken einer Taste 30 des Multifunktionsgriffs 25 ein den Hydraulikzylinder 21 steuerndes Pumpen-Stellsignal abgegeben wird, währenddessen durch Verschwenken des Haltegriffes 29 zusätzlich die Geschwindigkeit der Bewegung des Kolbens 9 des Hydraulikzylinders 21 beeinflußt wird. Beispielsweise kann durch Bewegung des Haltegriffes 29 aus einer Nullstellung nach vorne eine erhöhte Geschwindigkeit des Kolbens in eine erste Richtung und durch Bewegung des Haltegriffs 29 nach hinten eine erhöhte Geschwindigkeit des Kolbens in eine entgegengesetzte Richtung bewirkt werden. Zu diesem Zweck wird in Abhängigkeit von dem Steuersignal des Multifunktionsgriffs 25 ein entsprechendes Pumpen-Stellsignal an die Pumpe abgegeben, die stufenlos einstellbar ist und einen entsprechend angepaßten Volumentstrom erzeugt.Alternatively, the multi-function handle 25 with the control unit 15 be connected such that by pressing one Button 30 of the multi-function handle 25 a the hydraulic cylinder 21 controlling pump control signal is given, meanwhile by additionally pivoting the handle 29 the speed of movement of the piston 9 of the Hydraulic cylinder 21 is affected. For example by moving the handle 29 from a zero position forward an increased speed of the piston in a first direction and by moving the handle 29 after rear increased piston speed into one opposite direction. To this end becomes dependent on the control signal of the multifunction handle 25 a corresponding pump control signal to the Pump that is continuously adjustable and a correspondingly adjusted volume flow generated.

Ein weiterer Vorteil der nach der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung vorgesehenen schaltungstechnischen Verknüpfung der Verstellpumpe 2 einerseits mit dem Sachltventil 5 andererseits liegt darin, daß Geräusche infolge von Bewegungen der Hydraulikleitungen 3, 6, 7 oder weiteren bei starken Druckschwankungen in dem Hydraulikkreis weitgehend vermieden werden.Another advantage of the device according to the invention provided circuitry linking the Variable pump 2 on the one hand with the Sachlt valve 5 on the other is that noises due to movements of the Hydraulic lines 3, 6, 7 or more in the case of strong pressure fluctuations largely avoided in the hydraulic circuit become.

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die angegebene Anzahl von Hydraulikzylindern beschränkt. Es können selbstverständlich noch weitere Verbraucher an den Hydraulikkreis angeschlossen werden, wobei entsprechende Stromregelventile vorgeschaltet sind.The invention is not based on the specified number of hydraulic cylinders limited. Of course it can other consumers connected to the hydraulic circuit be, with appropriate flow control valves upstream are.

Alternativ kann die Verstellpumpe 2 durch ein rampenförmiges Pumpen-Stellsignal angesteuert werden, wobei ein vorgegebener Kolbenhub der Verstellpumpe 2 fest eingestellt wird. Der Kolben der Verstellpumpe 2 wird hierbei nach einer bestimmten Kennlinie in die eine Richtung und dann wieder in die entgegengesetzte Richtung bewegt. Danach kann das entsprechende Schaltventil abgeschaltet werden.Alternatively, the variable displacement pump 2 can be replaced by a ramp-shaped one Pump control signal can be controlled, with a predetermined The piston stroke of the variable displacement pump 2 is fixed becomes. The piston of the variable displacement pump 2 is here after a certain characteristic in one direction and then again moved in the opposite direction. After that you can the corresponding switching valve can be switched off.

Aufgrund der hohen Frequenz der Verstellpumpe 2, die zu der Schaltzeit des Schaltventils korrespondiert, kann die Verstellpumpe 2 innerhalb der Schaltzeit des Schaltventils in den Nullhub zurückgeschwenkt werden.Due to the high frequency of the variable pump 2, which to the The switching pump corresponds to the switching time of the switching valve 2 within the switching time of the switching valve in the zero stroke can be pivoted back.

Claims (9)

Vorrichtung zur Steuerung eines Hydraulikzylinders in einer selbstfahrenden Erntemaschine mit einer Verstellpumpe zum Fördern einer Hydraulikflüssigkeit und mit mindestens einem dem Hydraulikzylinder zugeordneten Ventil, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Ventil als Schaltventil (5, 17, 17', 17'') ausgebildet ist und daß das Schaltventil (5, 17, 17', 17'') und die Verstellpumpe (2, 16) derart elektrisch ansteuerbar sind, daß das von der Verstellpumpe (2, 16) gelieferte Fördervolumen an den Bedarf des Hydraulikzylinders (1, 21, 21', 21'') angepaßt ist.Device for controlling a hydraulic cylinder in a self-propelled harvester with a variable displacement pump for pumping a hydraulic fluid and with at least a valve assigned to the hydraulic cylinder, characterized in that the valve as a switching valve (5, 17, 17 ', 17' ') and that the switching valve (5, 17, 17 ', 17' ') and the variable displacement pump (2, 16) in this way are electrically controllable that the variable pump (2, 16) delivered funding volume to the need of the hydraulic cylinder (1, 21, 21 ', 21' ') is adapted. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verstellpumpe (2, 16) und das Schaltventil (5, 17, 17', 17'') mit einer elektrischen Steuereinheit (11, 15) elektrisch verbunden ist, die Mittel zur Erzeugung von Stellsignalen in Abhängigkeit von einem vorgegebenen Betätigungssignal eines Eingabeelements (23, 24, 25) aufweist.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the variable displacement pump (2, 16) and the switching valve (5, 17, 17 ', 17' ') with an electrical control unit (11, 15) is electrically connected, the means for generating Control signals as a function of a predetermined actuation signal an input element (23, 24, 25). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steuereinheit (11, 15) ein Pumpen-Stellsignal an die Verstellpumpe (2, 16) abgibt, so daß die Verstellpumpe (2, 16) in Abhängigkeit von der Größe des Pumpen-Stellsignals stufenlos einen entsprechenden Fördervolumenstrom erzeugt.Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that the control unit (11, 15) a pump control signal to the variable displacement pump (2, 16) so that the variable displacement pump (2, 16) depending on the size of the pump control signal is infinitely variable Flow volume generated. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Hydraulikzylinder (21, 21', 21'') jeweils ein Stromregelventil (20, 22, 22') zugeordnet ist. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized characterized in that the hydraulic cylinder (21, 21 ', 21' ') each have a flow control valve (20, 22, 22 ') assigned is. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an einer einzigen Verstellpumpe (16) mehrere Hydraulikzylinder (21, 21', 21'') angeschlossen sind, wobei ein einem ersten Hydraulikzylinder (21) zugeordnetes Stromregelventil als 3-Wege-Stromregelventil (20) und die weiteren jeweils den Hydraulikzylindern (21', 21'') zugeordneten Stromregelventile als 2-Wege-Stromregelventile (22, 22') ausgebildet sind.Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that several hydraulic cylinders on a single variable displacement pump (16) (21, 21 ', 21' ') are connected, one being a first hydraulic cylinder (21) associated flow control valve as a 3-way flow control valve (20) and the others each assigned to the hydraulic cylinders (21 ', 21' ') Flow control valves as 2-way flow control valves (22, 22 ') are formed. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektrische Steuereinheit (11) einen integrierten Schaltkreis aufweist, der die durch ein Eingabeelement (13) angesprochenen Steuerfunktionen an die Verstellpumpe (2) weiterleitet.Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized characterized in that the electrical control unit (11) has an integrated circuit that by an input element (13) addressed control functions to the variable displacement pump (2). Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektrische Steuereinheit (15) einen Mikrocontroller aufweist, der in Abhängigkeit von der Anzahl und Art der zu betätigenden Verbraucher ein entsprechendes Stellsignal generiert zur Steuerung einer Verstellpumpe (16).Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized characterized in that the electrical control unit (15) has a microcontroller which is dependent on the number and type of consumers to be operated appropriate control signal generated to control a Variable pump (16). Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektrische Steuereinheit (15) eingangsseitig mit einem Sensor (26) elektrisch verbunden ist und in Abhängigkeit von einem Sensorsignal des Sensors (26) ein Stellsignal zur Ansteuerung der Verstellpumpe (16) und an das entsprechende Schaltventil (17, 17', 17'') generiert. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized characterized in that the electrical control unit (15) electrically connected on the input side to a sensor (26) and is dependent on a sensor signal from the sensor (26) a control signal to control the variable displacement pump (16) and to the corresponding switching valve (17, 17 ', 17' '). Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektrische Steuereinheit (15) mit einem Multifunktionsgriff (25) bestehend aus mindestens einer Taste (30) und einem bewegbaren Haltegriff (29) verbunden ist, wobei die Betätigungssignale des Haltegriffs (29) und der Taste (30) in der elektrischen Steuereinheit (15) zur Erzeugung eines Stellsignals verarbeitet werden.Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized characterized in that the electrical control unit (15) with a multifunction handle (25) consisting of at least a button (30) and a movable handle (29) is connected, the actuation signals of the handle (29) and the button (30) in the electrical Control unit (15) processed to generate an actuating signal become.
EP19980115143 1997-10-02 1998-08-12 Device for controlling a hydraulic cylinder in a self-propelled harvester Expired - Lifetime EP0907031B1 (en)

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DE19743801 1997-10-02
DE1997143801 DE19743801A1 (en) 1997-10-02 1997-10-02 Device for controlling a hydraulic cylinder in a self-propelled harvesting machine

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EP0907031B1 (en) 2011-01-05
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DE59814480D1 (en) 2011-02-17

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