EP0915748A1 - Procede pour l'impregnation de matieres organiques fibreuses hydratees, et installations pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede - Google Patents
Procede pour l'impregnation de matieres organiques fibreuses hydratees, et installations pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procedeInfo
- Publication number
- EP0915748A1 EP0915748A1 EP96927106A EP96927106A EP0915748A1 EP 0915748 A1 EP0915748 A1 EP 0915748A1 EP 96927106 A EP96927106 A EP 96927106A EP 96927106 A EP96927106 A EP 96927106A EP 0915748 A1 EP0915748 A1 EP 0915748A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- water
- impregnation
- constitution
- treated
- heating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract description 25
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract description 23
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000099147 Ananas comosus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007119 Ananas comosus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000219310 Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000141359 Malus pumila Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021536 Sugar beet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000021016 apples Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018553 tannin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001864 tannin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001648 tannin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
- B27K5/003—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00 by using electromagnetic radiation or mechanical waves
- B27K5/0055—Radio-waves, e.g. microwaves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
- B27K3/0207—Pretreatment of wood before impregnation
- B27K3/0221—Pore opening
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
- B27K3/08—Impregnating by pressure, e.g. vacuum impregnation
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for impregnating hydrated fibrous organic materials, such as, for example, wood, fruit, cereal or oilseed grains, skins. It also relates to installations for the implementation of this process. More particularly, the invention relates to a process and installations allowing the impregnation of hydrated fibrous organic solid materials by self-vaporization of the water of constitution under instant vacuum and injection under pressure of a solution of solute to be injected.
- hydrated fibrous organic materials means any fibrous organic material comprising water of constitution in both free and residual waters.
- the air disposed between the multiple fibers of the wood is removed by vacuum in an airtight enclosure.
- the wood is dried beforehand and has a residual humidity of the order of seven to eight percent (7 to 8%) and therefore therefore has a pre-existing porous structure.
- the vacuuming phase only causes deaeration intended to eliminate the air included in the wood fibers.
- the invention relates to a method for permeating at heart hydrated fibrous organic materials comprising water of constitution by means of a treatment liquid, such as for example a fungicidal solution, a solution of salts with hardening or flame retardant effect. , an enzymatic solution for the treatment of wood, or a sugar solution for applications in confectionery, or a salty solution for applications in salt cakes, or a tannin solution for the treatment of skins, etc.
- a treatment liquid such as for example a fungicidal solution, a solution of salts with hardening or flame retardant effect.
- an enzymatic solution for the treatment of wood or a sugar solution for applications in confectionery, or a salty solution for applications in salt cakes, or a tannin solution for the treatment of skins, etc.
- the process according to the invention for the impregnation of hydrated fibrous organic materials comprising water of constitution is characterized in that it consists:
- the invention consists: in a first phase, in heating a hydrated fibrous organic material, that is to say containing most of its constituent water (free water and residual water), preferably near 100 ° C to accumulate energy in the water of constitution; then, in a second phase, rapidly putting said hot material under reduced pressure in a very short time, of the order of a few seconds, so as to create inside said material a network of micro-channels which will be thus kept open by the fibrous structure and filled only with water vapor, said micro-channels running essentially radially from the heart to the periphery of the material thanks to the vaporization effect of an essential part of the free or residual water; then, in a third phase, to put in the vicinity of the outer end of these microchannels a solution of an impregnating liquid which, thanks to the
- the wood was always previously dried or brought to a low level of humidity, so that it contains air in an existing porous structure as a result of drying. We therefore seek to eliminate this air included by heating and then vacuum to fill the porous structure with a treatment product.
- the material is necessarily hydrated, that is to say with its water of constitution and is therefore not porous and contains no air significantly.
- the heating step followed by the rapid vacuuming step by intermediate condensation of the vapors emitted, causes the vaporization of the water of constitution and thus the creation of a porous structure which was not pre-existing.
- the micro-channels formed ensure perfect continuity of communication between the core of the material, that is to say the deepest zones and the periphery thereof. These micro-channels are only filled with steam. In this way, by internal condensation of this vapor, it is possible to impregnate at the heart of the material any treatment solution without having to use excessive back pressure.
- the condensation of the water vapor is instantaneous thanks to the pressurization, the cold source then being constituted by the material itself.
- the impregnation of the fibrous substances with a substance dissolved in water or any other solvent allows a deep impregnation. This impregnation is done by means of a liquid previously heated to a temperature greater than or equal to the equilibrium temperature of the corresponding vacuum.
- the prior heating of the material (1st phase) is carried out by any suitable means, such as for example conduction with a hot surface or with a recirculating hot liquid, or even by the use of high-frequency waves;
- the instantaneous vacuum (2nd phase) of the preheated material causes a self-evaporation of the water of constitution which creates in this material a new network of micro-channels of vapor different from what was obtained during drying .
- the importance of release of instantaneous water vapor (close to 2.5 m 3 emitted in one second for one kilo of treated material) means that if existing channels are used for the evacuation of this vapor other ways are created, the first being insufficient to ensure the flow;
- the proportion of micro-channels formed essentially depends on the difference between the reheating temperature and that corresponding to the vacuum. The greater this difference, the greater the volume of the micro-channels
- the heating is carried out at a pressure greater than 0.5 bar absolute, preferably at a pressure between 0.5 and 3 bar absolute, any of the known means
- the optimal vacuuming time is less than ten seconds, preferably of the order of six seconds.
- the contacting of the impregnation liquid, previously heated to a temperature at least equal to the equilibrium temperature under vacuum, is carried out without variation of the reduced pressure.
- the material does not undergo any overpressure which would cause a slight entry of said solution into the material, nor any effect of condensation.
- the invention also relates to two installations for implementing this method.
- the installation for the discontinuous impregnation of hydrated fibrous organic material connected by a valve to a vacuum source and means for heating said material is characterized in that it comprises a CT treatment enclosure where the various phases of the material are carried out, enclosure connected by pipes and valves to a mixing condenser CM having a water reserve and a recirculation circuit of cooled water allowing a setting under rapid vacuum of the treatment chamber, the water reserve constituting an accumulator of frigories.
- the installation for the continuous impregnation of hydrated fibrous organic material comprising water of constitution is characterized in that it comprises:
- An impregnation chamber connected to the evaporation chamber, in which the material to be treated is brought into contact with the impregnation solution, and subjected to an overpressure.
- Figure 1 is a representation of an installation for the discontinuous implementation of the process according to the invention.
- FIGS. 2a to 2d are schematic representations of the method according to the invention by means of the installation of FIG. 1.
- Figure 3 is a summary representation for the continuous implementation of the method according to the invention.
- the implementation of the process according to the invention can be carried out discontinuously, that is to say by subjecting the same quantity of materials to be treated successively to the different stages of the process, ie continuously, that is to say by circulating the material in different chambers ensuring each of the process functions.
- Batch implementation ( Figures 1 and 2)
- FIG. 1 The installation described diagrammatically in FIG. 1 makes it possible to process the different types of material referred to in the preamble discontinuously.
- this installation mainly comprises a treatment chamber (CT), a mixing condenser, a pressure source (SP), a vacuum device (DV), these different elements being interconnected by a network of pipes and valves, thus than suitable recirculation systems.
- CT treatment chamber
- SP pressure source
- DV vacuum device
- the treatment chamber (CT) can be constituted by an enclosure, of the autoclave type, for example made of stainless steel, resistant to pressure and to vacuum.
- This enclosure is associated with means for heating the material to be treated, which can be of various kinds.
- it may be a liquid recirculation and heating circuit constituted by a pump (P) and a surface exchanger (El) whose function is to recover the liquid present in the bottom of the treatment chamber (CT) and reheat it then spray it on the material to be treated.
- P pump
- El surface exchanger
- This treatment chamber (CT) is connected to the pressure source (SP) via a valve (V3) with rapid opening, that is to say less than one second.
- This treatment chamber (CT) is also connected to the mixing capacitor (CM) by means of two valves (VI, V2) via pipes (T1, T2) of different section. In this way, according to the selected circuit (T1, T2), and the speed of opening of the valves (VI, V2), it is possible to modulate the evacuation time.
- the mixing capacitor (CM) also consists of a steel enclosure, possibly stainless. Quite essentially, it contains a reserve of cold water (F), that is to say at a temperature much lower than that of the vapor extracted from the material to be treated, and typically of the order of 25 ° C at least.
- This mixing capacitor (CM) is associated with a cold water recirculation circuit consisting of an exchanger (E2), for example of the surface exchanger type, then of one or two centrifugal pumps (P2, P3) with high debit.
- This mixing capacitor (CM) is connected to a vacuum device (DV) essentially consisting of a vacuum pump and advantageously a system for regulating the vacuum level, in order to obtain optimal performance.
- a vacuum device essentially consisting of a vacuum pump and advantageously a system for regulating the vacuum level, in order to obtain optimal performance.
- valves (VI) and (V2) are open in order to put the treatment chamber (CT) in communication with the mixing condenser (CM) itself under very reduced pressure, of the order of 0, 07 bar absolute to 0.09 bar absolute. It follows that this almost instantaneous evacuation of the preheated material causes self-evaporation of the water constituting the fibrous material (see FIG. 2b). This evaporation creates in the material a network of micro-channels (5) of vapor putting in communication the core of the material with its periphery.
- the extracted steam enters the mixing condenser and is condensed thanks to the presence of sprayed cold water which serves as a reserve of frigories.
- the material to be treated (M) is brought into contact with the impregnation solution (1).
- the material to be treated has been heated by means of the impregnating solution, it is not necessary to carry out an additional introduction of solution.
- valves (V2) and (VI) are then closed, which maintains the interior of the treatment chamber (CT) a reduced pressure, close to that generated by the vacuum device.
- valve (V3) is open and consequently, the treatment chamber (CT) is almost instantly put under overpressure. This causes the solution to be introduced into the micro-channel network, right down to the heart of the material.
- CT treatment chamber
- FIG. 3 makes it possible to continuously treat the material by passing it successively through various enclosures inside which the different phases of the process according to the invention are carried out.
- this installation includes a heating chamber (CC), an evaporation chamber (EV), an impregnation chamber (CI), an overpressure zone (EG), and a vacuum source (SV) .
- CC heating chamber
- EV evaporation chamber
- CI impregnation chamber
- EG overpressure zone
- SV vacuum source
- the heating chamber (CC) consists of an enclosure open upwards to the water inside which the materials to be treated are introduced.
- this heating chamber (CC) can be equipped with different means for heating the material, namely a high frequency device (HF), or a hot water circulation circuit. or hot impregnation solution consisting of a pump (PCH) drawing from the bottom of the heating chamber and bringing the hot water into a surface exchanger (ECH), then ensuring the ascent of the hot water to the top of the heating chamber (CC) for spraying on the material to be treated.
- the heating chamber comprises a tube (T5) equipped with a supply means, such as for example an Archimedes screw (6) followed by a positive displacement pump, which ensures the transport of the heated material to in the evaporation chamber
- the invention covers various variant embodiments in which the Archimedes' screw can feed a rotary airlock or an airlock constituted by two guillotine valves.
- the evaporation chamber (EV) consists of an autoclave-type enclosure, resistant to vacuum, for example made of stainless steel.
- This evaporation chamber (EV) is connected, in the upper part, to the vacuum source (SV).
- the evaporation chamber (EV) advantageously comprises a scraper device (7) allowing, by means of various blades (8), advantageously oriented, to bring the material towards the axis of symmetry of the chamber.
- the bottom of the evaporation chamber (EV) has an opening (10) connected to an airlock (S2) or to an equivalent pump not shown, which connects this evaporation chamber (EV) to a tank (CI) for placing in contact with the material with the impregnation solution (1).
- the vacuum source is for example an assembly comprising a condenser, a vacuum pump or other vacuum device, a condensate extraction pump.
- this impregnation tank (CI) comprises a circuit for sampling the impregnation solution which brings, by means of a pump (PS), said solution after heating inside the evaporation chamber (EV ), so as to bring the treated material into contact with the impregnation solution (1) at the time of vaporization.
- PS pump
- EV evaporation chamber
- the impregnation tank (CI) is connected to the impregnation solution tank and includes a level regulator (LC) to control the progress of the process.
- the impregnation tank (CI) inside which the material is immersed in the impregnation solution (1) is then under overpressure relative to the evaporation chamber.
- the impregnation tank (CI) is connected to an overpressure zone constituted by a tube comprising an Archimedes screw (11) ensuring the elevation of the material with a view to its exit (12) from the installation.
- this Archimedes screw (11) is driven by a motor not shown at a speed calculated to ensure a residence time under pressure sufficient to induce impregnation at the heart of the material.
- the value of the overpressure to which the material to be treated is subjected is controlled by the pressure regulator (PC) connected to the Archimedes screw (11).
- the method and the installations according to the invention can be used with success for the impregnation of any hydrated fibrous or tissue substance capable of being impregnated with a solvent such as water or by any liquid capable of being volatilized by heating followed by depressurization, said liquid being able to dissolve the substance chosen in the impregnation.
- a solvent such as water
- any liquid capable of being volatilized by heating followed by depressurization, said liquid being able to dissolve the substance chosen in the impregnation.
- the process can be applied by successive impregnations;
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR1996/001199 WO1998004391A1 (fr) | 1996-07-30 | 1996-07-30 | Procede pour l'impregnation de matieres organiques fibreuses hydratees, et installations pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0915748A1 true EP0915748A1 (fr) | 1999-05-19 |
| EP0915748B1 EP0915748B1 (fr) | 2000-05-17 |
Family
ID=9488716
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96927106A Expired - Lifetime EP0915748B1 (fr) | 1996-07-30 | 1996-07-30 | Procede pour l'impregnation de matieres organiques fibreuses hydratees, et installations pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0915748B1 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2145476T3 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1998004391A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB190815556A (en) * | 1908-07-22 | 1909-03-18 | Johann Polifka | Improvements in or relating to the Impregnation of Wood |
| US1680529A (en) * | 1927-04-08 | 1928-08-14 | Brown Co | Method of treating wood |
| FR2116774A5 (en) * | 1970-12-02 | 1972-07-21 | Mathevet Raymond | Wooden platters - for supporting food,impregnated with paraffin(ic cpd) |
| US4187346A (en) * | 1978-08-22 | 1980-02-05 | Shelby-Williams Industries, Inc. | Controlled permeation process for fireproofing wood |
| NZ220816A (en) * | 1987-06-23 | 1989-12-21 | Nz Minister Forestry | Gaseous or vapour phase treatment of wood with boron preservatives |
| FR2733438B1 (fr) * | 1995-04-27 | 1997-06-13 | Cogat Pierre Olivier | Procede et equipements d'impregnation de matieres solides organiques fibreuses, par vaporisation sous vide de l'eau de constitution et injection en contrepression d'une solution |
-
1996
- 1996-07-30 WO PCT/FR1996/001199 patent/WO1998004391A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1996-07-30 EP EP96927106A patent/EP0915748B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-30 ES ES96927106T patent/ES2145476T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO9804391A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2145476T3 (es) | 2000-07-01 |
| EP0915748B1 (fr) | 2000-05-17 |
| WO1998004391A1 (fr) | 1998-02-05 |
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