EP0920098B1 - Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions - Google Patents

Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0920098B1
EP0920098B1 EP99102644A EP99102644A EP0920098B1 EP 0920098 B1 EP0920098 B1 EP 0920098B1 EP 99102644 A EP99102644 A EP 99102644A EP 99102644 A EP99102644 A EP 99102644A EP 0920098 B1 EP0920098 B1 EP 0920098B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
protection element
spark
blow
overvoltage protection
spark gap
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99102644A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0920098A2 (fr
EP0920098A3 (fr
Inventor
Holger Dr.-Ing. Altmaier
Klaus Prof. Dr.-Ing. Scheibe
Eberhard Dipl.-Ing. Lehmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19944435968 external-priority patent/DE4435968C2/de
Priority claimed from DE4439730A external-priority patent/DE4439730C2/de
Application filed by Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
Priority claimed from EP95114840A external-priority patent/EP0706245B1/fr
Publication of EP0920098A2 publication Critical patent/EP0920098A2/fr
Publication of EP0920098A3 publication Critical patent/EP0920098A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0920098B1 publication Critical patent/EP0920098B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
    • H01T4/14—Arcing horns

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an overvoltage protection element for the derivation of transients Surges, with two electrodes, one effective between the electrodes Air breakdown spark gap and a housing that receives the electrodes, where each electrode has one lead leg and one at an acute angle the associated connecting leg has a spark horn and between the spark horns of the two electrodes, spaced apart from each other the air breakdown spark gap is formed.
  • Surge protection elements of the type from which the invention is based that is to say those with an air breakdown spark gap, now have overvoltage protection elements with an air flashover spark gap the advantage of a higher one Surge current carrying capacity, but the disadvantage of a higher one - and not particularly constant - response voltage.
  • a third teaching after the aforementioned older patent application has and essentially to the content that the housing is at least partially made of a plastic exists that does not emit carbon when burned, or at least is partially lined with such a plastic.
  • the installation of electrodes forming an air breakdown spark gap with spark horns into a relatively small one, made of plastic, which is heated or burned Releases carbon existing housing is problematic. In particular, it happens due to the very hot arc that arises after the response Combustion of the plastic and thus an enormous release of carbon. This leads to the electrodes becoming dirty and no longer having insulation strength is available.
  • the enormous amount of carbon in the Gas mixture the extinguishing behavior of the electrodes.
  • the disadvantages described above do not occur, of course, if the housing is at least partially made of one Plastic consists of no carbon when heated or burned emits, or if the housing at least partially with such a plastic is lined.
  • a fourth teaching after the aforementioned older patent application has and essentially to the content that the side walls of the housing are relatively close the spark horns of the electrodes are used.
  • One enters through this teaching extraordinarily good atmospheric blowing of the arc. It runs very well quickly to the tips of the spark horns, so it does not get stuck in the ignition area.
  • the spark horns of the electrodes Adjacent housing cover made of electrically conductive material, preferably made of There is copper tungsten, which is usually the distance between the Housing cover adjacent ends of the spark horns of the electrodes and the housing cover is chosen so that between the ends adjacent to the housing cover arcing can occur between the spark horns and the housing cover.
  • the arc initially migrates out of the Ignition area at the tips of the spark horns. Then form between the tips the spark horns and the housing cover made of electrically conductive material two arcs.
  • the conductor loop that builds up ensures that that the two arcs are driven behind the spark horns. That has to Consequence that two arcs are formed, all of which for an enormously high arc voltage with the follow-up current. This in turn means that the Deletion behavior for the network follow-up current has changed significantly, namely one quasi short-circuit proof discharge path has arisen. Because the two arcs behind the spark horns is the sensitive ignition area extremely well protected between the spark horns.
  • the present invention is based on the object of a surge protection behavior again improved surge protection element specify.
  • the surge protection element according to the invention is now characterized in that that the air breakdown spark gap bent and / or angled is and that the spark horns are each approximately at right angles to the connecting leg trending straight lower area and one on the straight Have area adjacent arcuate upper area.
  • the air breakdown spark gap bent and / or angled is and that the spark horns are each approximately at right angles to the connecting leg trending straight lower area and one on the straight Have area adjacent arcuate upper area.
  • An overvoltage protection element is already known (see US - A - 3,309,575), which, like the surge protection element according to the invention, is a non-symmetrical one Air breakdown spark gap; the air breakdown spark gap is arched.
  • the surge protection element according to the invention differs from this known surge protection element characterized in that in the overvoltage protection element according to the invention Electrodes each have a special connection leg and the spark horns run at an angle to the associated connecting leg, while in the above-mentioned known surge protection element Connection legs are not realized, and that in the invention Surge protection element the air breakdown spark gap from a lower Area and an upper area, with the lower area through straight areas of the two spark horns is formed, the lower areas of the two Spark horns therefore run parallel to each other, while in the previously mentioned known surge protector the two the air breakdown spark gap electrodes are continuously curved are.
  • the air breakdown spark gap between 10 ° and 180 °.
  • movement of the arc to the tips of the spark horns results then when the air breakdown spark gap is bent by about 90 ° and / or is angled.
  • the lower region of the air breakdown spark gap an angle of about 10 ° to 40 °, preferably of includes about 20 ° to 30 ° and the two areas of the spark horns essentially smoothly merge.
  • the air breakdown spark gap opens directly into a blow-out opening in the housing, so that the resulting exhaust gases can be blown out directly and not in the housing knock down.
  • a quenching plate arrangement having a plurality of quenching plates is provided.
  • the overvoltage protection behavior, in particular the line follow current quenching behavior improving effect of the quenching plate arrangement is based that the arc is in a series of short, partial arcs connected in series is resolved and that the sum of the partial arcs is higher Voltage requirement than the undivided arc, so that after the voltage zero a higher re-ignition voltage is required than with an undivided arc.
  • the quenching plate arrangement in or following the air breakdown spark gap is arranged in the region of the blow-out opening. hereby the arc runs directly into the quenching plate arrangement.
  • extinguishing plates made of ferromagnetic material preferably made of iron.
  • the creation of the forces that cause the arc Extinguishing sheet arrangement drives in, explained when using extinguishing sheets made of ferromagnetic material from the endeavor of the one through which current flows Conductor surrounding magnetic flux, if possible through the magnetic much better to run as air-conducting iron quenching plates; the arc is therefore from a quenching plate arrangement, the quenching plates made of ferromagnetic material exist, attracted.
  • the surge protection element according to the invention Has baffle plates, it is preferably around rectangular baffle plates, the baffle plates having a cross section with a length to width ratio of about 4: 1 to about 2: 1, preferably of about 3: 1.
  • the blow-out opening drain the opposite exhaust opening in the housing. Accordingly the larger spark horn is designed so that it creates the resulting exhaust gases on the one hand leads in the direction of the discharge opening, on the other hand an outflow into Direction of the exhaust opening allows.
  • the exhaust opening - is the danger that the exhaust gases are inside the housing precipitate and thereby the function of the surge protection element impair, have been significantly reduced.
  • the overvoltage protection elements 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 are used for derivation of transient overvoltages and for limiting surge currents.
  • 1 and 2 on the one hand and 3 and 4 on the other are two different Embodiments of overvoltage elements 1 shown. Both embodiments but have essentially the same structure.
  • Each of the surge protection elements 1 points to two electrodes 2, 3, one between the electrodes 2, 3 effective air breakdown spark gap 4 and an electrode 2, 3 receiving Housing 5.
  • Each electrode 2, 3 has a connecting leg 6, 7 and a spark horn 8, 9 running at an angle to the connecting leg 6, 7. The mentioned angle between the respective connecting leg 6, 7 and the spark horn 8, 9 refers to the functional area of the spark horn 8, 9.
  • the spark horns 8, 9 of the two electrodes 2, 3 arranged at a distance from one another together the air breakdown spark gap 4. Because the spark horns 8, 9 in the manner explained above at an angle to the connecting legs 6, 7 run, the air breakdown spark gap 4 is angled and preferably tapered.
  • the two spark horns 8, 9 are in their to the connecting leg 6, 7 adjacent areas each with a preferably provided bore 10, 11 running parallel to the connecting legs 6, 7, those in the exemplary embodiment of the figures shown in the center of the spark horns 8, 9 the electrodes 2, 3 are realized.
  • in only one bore 10, 11 is provided for each spark horn 8, 9.
  • the in the spark horns 8, 9 of the electrodes 2, 3 of the overvoltage protection element 1 provided holes 10, 11 ensure that at the moment the response of the overvoltage protection element 1, i.e. the ignition, the resulting arc next to the holes 10, 11 by a thermal and / or electrical and / or magnetic pressure and / or force "in Ride is set ", that is to say it moves away from its point of origin.
  • the figures show that in the illustrated embodiments the spark horns 8, 9 of the electrodes 2, 3 on both sides provided with a chamfer 12, 13 and convex on their mutually facing sides are trained.
  • the chamfering of the spark horns 8, 9 of the electrodes 2, 3 prevents that there is material removal at the edges of the spark horns 8, 9.
  • the spark horns 8, 9 of the electrodes 2, 3 on their To form convex sides facing each other leads to the fact that after a Response of the overvoltage protection element 1 arcing preferably occurs centered in the area of the spark horns 8, 9 and centered at the ends or tips of the spark horns 8, 9 runs.
  • the ignition aid 14 is preferably made of an insulating material which, when the state changes, for example, heating, no carbon in dysfunctional Gives dimensions, and slightly, preferably 0.1 mm or more, in the air breakdown spark gap formed by the spark horns 6 of the electrodes 2 4 protrudes.
  • the ignition aid 14 projects up to the center of the bores 10, 11 into the air breakdown spark gap 4. in the remaining is the ignition aid 14, as can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 4, at its Air breakdown spark gap 4 facing side V-shaped.
  • To the V-shaped formation can be a downwardly extending narrow slot connect that is not shown. This slot in the ignition aid 14 has a positive effect the response voltage.
  • overvoltage protection elements 1 is now as it were in the narrowest part of the measures described above Air breakdown spark gap 4, namely where there is a response or ignition takes place, an auxiliary air arcing spark gap integrated.
  • This integrated Auxiliary air arcing spark gap has a relatively constant and above all less Response voltage as the actual surge protection Air breakdown spark gap 4.
  • the ignited auxiliary air-arcing spark gap to a "sudden" ignition of the air breakdown spark gap 4 with a relatively high current carrying capacity.
  • the housing 5 of the surge protection element 1 according to the invention is made at least partially made of a plastic, which during heating or combustion don’t release carbon.
  • the housing has a liner made of a plastic which, when heated or Combustion does not give off carbon.
  • the air breakdown spark gap 4 is bent and / or angled and that the spark horns 8, 9 each have a straight line running approximately at right angles to the connecting leg 6, 7 lower area and an arcuate adjoining the straight area have upper area.
  • This special design of the air breakdown spark gap on the one hand it is ensured that the between the Spark horns 8, 9 are directly and quickly blown out plasma formed and as a result of the arc being extinguished quickly, safely and well. All in all arises from the inventive design of the spark gap high-lightning current carrying and line follow current extinguishing isolating spark gap.
  • the air breakdown spark gap 4 is preferably between 10 ° and 180 °, in particular bent and / or angled by about 90 ° and closes the lower one Area of the air breakdown spark gap 4 an angle of approximately 10 ° to 40 °, preferably from about 20 ° to 30 °.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 on the one hand and 3 and 4 on the other Embodiments each have another similarity, namely that the Air breakdown spark gap 4 in a discharge opening located in the housing 5 15 opens into it. So this means that the plasma is directly or immediately together are blown out with the resulting exhaust gases via the blow-out opening 15 can.
  • a quenching plate arrangement 16 provided within the housing 5, which has a plurality of quenching plates 17 has.
  • the quenching plate assembly 16 is connected to the air breakdown spark gap 4 arranged, preferably in the region of the blow-out opening 15, right in front of this.
  • the quenching plates 17, which are preferably rectangular Have cross section, are made of ferromagnetic material, preferably made of iron. For "extinguishing" reasons, it is advisable that the extinguishing plates a cross section with a ratio of length to width of about 4: 1 to 2: 1, preferably about 3: 1.
  • the quenching plates 17 with a surface coating made of corrosion-resistant metal, preferably silver or made of nickel.
  • the Quenching plate arrangement 16 still a top quenching plate 18 or a top one Ladder and a lower quenching plate 19 or a lowermost conductor.
  • the embodiment shown is the top extinguishing plate 18 the same potential as the larger spark horn 8, while the lower quenching plate 19 has the same potential as the smaller spark horn 9.
  • the respective Extinguishing plates 18, 19 are electrically connected to the respective spark horns 8, 9. It should also be provided here that the transition from the larger spark horn 8 on the top extinguishing plate 18 and from the smaller spark horn 9 to the bottom Extinguishing plate 19 is essentially stepless.
  • an exhaust opening 20 in the housing is provided. It is expedient on both sides between the larger spark horn 8 and the housing 5 each have a slot 21, 22, to which in the outflow direction the exhaust gases connects the exhaust opening 20.
  • the in 3 and 4 embodiment shown a bilateral exit of the exhaust gases.

Landscapes

  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Elément protecteur contre la surtension (1) pour la dérivation de surtensions transitoires avec deux électrodes (2, 3), une section explosive à pénétration d'air (4) agissant entre les électrodes (2, 3) et un boítier (5) recevant les électrodes (2, 3), chaque électrode (2, 3) présentant un élément de raccordement (6, 7) et un embout d'étincelage (8, 9) s'étendant en formant un angle par rapport à l'élément de raccordement (6, 7) afférent et la section explosive à pénétration d'air (4) étant constituée entre les embouts d'étincelage (8, 9) des deux électrodes (2, 3) -disposées écartées l'une de l'autre-, caractérisé en ce que la section explosive à pénétration d'air (4) est conçue courbée et/ou en angle et que les embouts d'étincelage (8, 9) présentent respectivement une zone droite inférieure s'étendant approximativement à angle droit par rapport à l'élément de raccordement (6, 7) et une zone supérieure arquée adjacente à la zone droite.
  2. Elément protecteur contre la surtension selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la section explosive à pénétration d'air (4) est courbée et/ou en angle de 10 ° à 180 °, en particulier d'environ 90° ou/et que la zone inférieure de la section explosive à pénétration d'air (4) forme un angle d'environ 10 ° à 40 °, de préférence d'environ 20 ° à 30 °.
  3. Elément protecteur contre la surtension selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les deux zones des embouts d'étincelage (8, 9) empiètent globalement l'une dans l'autre sans paliers.
  4. Elément protecteur contre la surtension selon une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la section explosive à pénétration d'air (4) débouche directement dans un orifice de soufflage (15) se trouvant dans un boítier (5).
  5. Elément protecteur contre la surtension selon une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que, à l'intérieur du boítier (5) est prévu au moins un agencement de tôles d'extinction (16) avec une pluralité de tôles d'extinction (17) et que l'agencement de tôles d'extinction (16) est, de préférence, disposé dans la section explosive à pénétration d'air (4) ou de préférence directement adjacente au raccordement à celle-ci.
  6. Elément protecteur contre la surtension selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que l'agencement de tôles d'extinction (16) est disposé dans la zone de l'orifice de soufflage (15).
  7. Elément protecteur contre la surtension selon la revendication 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que les tôles d'extinction (7) sont fabriquées en matière ferromagnétique, de préférence en fer ou/et sont munies d'un revêtement de surface en métal résistant à la corrosion, de préférence en argent ou en nickel.
  8. Elément protecteur contre la surtension selon une des revendications 5 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les tôles d'extinction (17) ont une section transversale rectangulaire, de préférence avec un rapport de la longueur à la largeur d'environ 4 :1 à environ 2 :1, en particulier d'environ 3 :1.
  9. Elément protecteur contre la surtension selon une des revendications 5 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la tôle d'extinction supérieure extrême (18) est au même potentiel que l'embout d'étincelage le plus grand (8) et que la tôle d'extinction inférieure extrême (19) est au même potentiel que l'embout d'étincelage le plus petit (9).
  10. Elément protecteur contre la surtension selon une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la largeur du plus grand embout d'étincelage (8), du moins dans la zone supérieure, est plus faible que la largeur du boítier (5) et que, de préférence, en face de l'orifice de soufflage (15), dans le boítier (5), un orifice d'échappement de gaz (20) est prévu ou/et que, des deux côtés, entre l'embout d'étincelage le plus grand (8) et les parois latérales (23, 24) du boítier (5), une fente (21, 22) est respectivement pratiquée.
EP99102644A 1994-10-07 1995-09-21 Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions Expired - Lifetime EP0920098B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19944435968 DE4435968C2 (de) 1994-10-07 1994-10-07 Überspannungsschutzelement
DE4435968 1994-10-07
DE4437094 1994-10-17
DE4437094 1994-10-17
DE4439730 1994-11-09
DE4439730A DE4439730C2 (de) 1994-10-17 1994-11-09 Überspannungsschutzelement
EP95114840A EP0706245B1 (fr) 1994-10-07 1995-09-21 Elément de protection contre les surtensions

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95114840.2 Division 1995-09-21

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0920098A2 EP0920098A2 (fr) 1999-06-02
EP0920098A3 EP0920098A3 (fr) 1999-07-21
EP0920098B1 true EP0920098B1 (fr) 2003-09-17

Family

ID=27436064

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99102644A Expired - Lifetime EP0920098B1 (fr) 1994-10-07 1995-09-21 Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions

Country Status (1)

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EP (1) EP0920098B1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2873865B1 (fr) * 2004-07-27 2006-11-10 Soule Prot Surtensions Sa Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions a pouvoir de coupure ameliore
DE102011051738B4 (de) * 2010-08-04 2023-05-04 Dehn Se Hörnerfunkenstrecken-Blitzstromableiter mit Deionkammer

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3309575A (en) * 1965-10-19 1967-03-14 Gen Electric Triggered spark gap type of surge arrestor
SE328932B (fr) * 1969-02-21 1970-09-28 Asea Ab
DE4402615C3 (de) * 1993-05-31 2000-01-05 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co Überspannungsschutzelement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0920098A2 (fr) 1999-06-02
EP0920098A3 (fr) 1999-07-21

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