EP0921866B1 - Trockenphysikalische trennung von körnigen material - Google Patents

Trockenphysikalische trennung von körnigen material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0921866B1
EP0921866B1 EP97933594A EP97933594A EP0921866B1 EP 0921866 B1 EP0921866 B1 EP 0921866B1 EP 97933594 A EP97933594 A EP 97933594A EP 97933594 A EP97933594 A EP 97933594A EP 0921866 B1 EP0921866 B1 EP 0921866B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
separating surface
particulate material
motion
separating
separation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97933594A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0921866A1 (de
EP0921866A4 (de
Inventor
Maureen Teresa O'connor
John Michael Frederick Clout
John Francis Gannon
Keith Russell Weller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CSIRO
Technological Resources Pty Ltd
Original Assignee
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CSIRO
Technological Resources Pty Ltd
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0921866A1 publication Critical patent/EP0921866A1/de
Publication of EP0921866A4 publication Critical patent/EP0921866A4/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0921866B1 publication Critical patent/EP0921866B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B13/00—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices
    • B07B13/10—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices using momentum effects
    • B07B13/11—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices using momentum effects involving travel of particles over surfaces which separate by centrifugal force or by relative friction between particles and such surfaces, e.g. helical sorters
    • B07B13/113—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices using momentum effects involving travel of particles over surfaces which separate by centrifugal force or by relative friction between particles and such surfaces, e.g. helical sorters shaking tables

Definitions

  • Particulate material can be separated by a variety of techniques which can be broadly classified as wet techniques and dry techniques. Wet techniques can be used in cases where water is required for subsequent processing. However, where that is not the case, the introduction of water into a separation process is undesirable because it drastically increases costs associated with materials handling, thickening, filtration, drying etc.
  • the present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for the dry physical separation of particulate material but it is to be understood that the present invention may be used for the separation of moist or damp material.
  • the apparatus and method have application in dry physical separation for both beneficiation and size classification.
  • the present invention has particular, although not exclusive, application to the separation of particulate material in the mining and related industries.
  • the value of some particulate materials for example, crushed rock, metalliferous ores or coal, may be substantially enhanced by the removal of particles deleterious to subsequent treatment processes.
  • removal of only a modest amount of deleterious particles by a dry physical process could substantially enhance their value or marketability.
  • use of a dry physical separation process could convert a substantial proportion of large waste dumps into a marketable product.
  • Dry separation by size and by shape is normally carried out on screens when the separating size lies between about 150mm and 1mm. Below about 4mm dry screening becomes difficult, particularly in the presence of moisture, with capacity falling and it becomes more difficult to achieve good separation efficiency.
  • Dry separation by size and specific gravity can be achieved by use of different settling velocities in air of particles of different size and specific gravity.
  • classification techniques are referred to as classification techniques and are conventionally used to separate particles in the size range from about 100 ⁇ m down to about 10 ⁇ m.
  • Rotating vane classifiers and air cyclones are examples of devices which utilise classification techniques. Such devices have limitations because they can not be used for moist materials, they have low throughput, and they only provide a fixed cut size.
  • SU 1315875 teaches an apparatus for the separation of free-flowing materials such as plant seeds.
  • the apparatus has an inclined vibro-table which is subjected to linear vibration in the plane of the table. Seeds are placed on the vibro-table surface with rougher, plain and less elastic seeds said to move up the vibro-table and mature seeds said to move down the vibro-table.
  • SU 1315875 teaches suppression of rolling motion.
  • US 5069346 teaches a process by which a mixture of two or more discrete particulate materials having different sliding coefficients of friction can be separated using a method which takes advantage of velocity differences generated by the application of a force to the mixture to create movement of the mixture over a surface.
  • One embodiment teaches a vibratory table apparatus which is subjected to a linear cyclical motion imparted to the deck of the vibratory table in the plane of the deck. Beneficiation is achieved through differences in frictional properties between ore and gangue minerals with the apparatus being arranged to maintain maximum frictional contact between the vibratory table and the particulate material throughout the separation process.
  • European Patent Specification No. EP-A-0 139 783 discloses a device for processing scrap, waste or the like, for example non-iron scrap, by dividing it into at least two components.
  • It comprises at least one sorting plate arranged at an incline with respect to the horizontal and an input device which is arranged above the sorting plate and from which the material for processing can be brought onto the sorting plate in free fall, the sorting plate being both horizontally and vertically movable by means of at least one drive unit.
  • the present invention provides an apparatus for dry physical separation of particulate material, the apparatus comprising:
  • the present invention provides a method for dry physical separation of particulate material, the method comprising the steps of:
  • the non-linear oscillatory motion of the separating surface "throws" the particulate material up the separating surface towards the upper edge whilst gravity provides a counter-current force in the direction of the lower edge.
  • Different particles within the particulate material behave differently when they make contact again with the separating surface. Separation is believed to occur as a consequence of coarser particles bouncing and rolling down the separating surface towards its lower edge and finer particles progressively moving up the separating surface by bouncing, sliding and being thrown until they pass over the upper edge of the separating surface.
  • High speed filming indicates that being thrown towards the upper edge of the separating surface whilst not in contact with the separating surface is the most significant manner by which fine particles move up the separating surface.
  • Separation is believed to be aided by the lower rolling coefficient of friction combined with the higher sliding coefficient of friction of finer particles.
  • particles may move slightly down the separating surface prior to subsequently moving up the separating surface and thus the upwards movement may consist of a series of incremental upwards movements.
  • moving up the separating surface it is to be noted that individual particles tend to approach one another to form loose aggregates of particles which are thrown up the separating surface more quickly than individual particles. This phenomenon can be visualised as being similar to individual droplets of rain on a window pane meeting and forming a stream which moves down the window pane more quickly than an individual droplet.
  • Separation according to the present invention is believed to be largely independent of particle shape and manipulation of a number of variables which are referred to below can modify the cut point at which size separation occurs. Size separations from 1mm to less than 100 ⁇ m have been achieved according to the present invention for particulate material having a free moisture content of less than 10% by weight. In the case of dry feed material, size separations with a cut size down to 30 ⁇ m have been achieved.
  • the non-linear oscillatory motion is preferably an elliptical or eccentric motion and the precise nature of the motion affects the degree to which particles are thrown up the separating surface which in turn affects the extent of particle sliding and/or bouncing, the cut size (particle size at which 50% of the feed material reports both to the coarse and the fine products), the separation efficiency and the speed of particle transport.
  • the inclined separating surface is preferably supported by a base which is preferably mounted on or supported by springs.
  • the preferred elliptical motion can be induced by way of a variable speed motor driving a standard out of balance flywheel with the base being weighted so as to modify the circular motion which would otherwise be induced.
  • the motion may be induced by imparting two or more non-parallel but linear motions whereby the resultant net motion is a non-linear oscillatory motion.
  • Such secondary motion can be induced by mounting the separating surface such that some movement is possible between the separating surface and its mounting base.
  • secondary motion can be induced by use of an additional variable speed motor which imparts a linear motion at an angle to the axis of the non-linear oscillatory motion.
  • an apparatus according to the present invention can be made by modification of conventional pieces of classification/beneficiation equipment.
  • the separating surface may be of any convenient shape but is preferably planar and rectangular.
  • the separating surface preferably takes the form of a deck which may be formed from a variety of materials with different materials being desirable in different circumstances. Separating surfaces having very low frictional coefficients are desirable for sharp and fine size separation; whereas, the size separation of particles which have smooth round surfaces is better facilitated on a separating surface which is rough and abrasive. Further, the separating surface can be selected to enhance bouncing and rolling behaviour of particles.
  • the separating surface is formed from an industrial wear resistant material such as a metallic or plastics material.
  • the separating surface may be formed from polyethylene, natural or synthetic rubber, coated polyurethane and chrome steel alloys.
  • the frequency and amplitude of the non-linear motion are preferably independently variable with optimum frequency and amplitude being dependent upon the type of particulate material and its moisture content. Increased frequency tends to decrease the particle size at which separation occurs for moist particulate materials. Increased amplitude tends to increase bouncing and rolling of coarser particles resulting in finer and sharper size separations for both moist and dry particulate materials.
  • the angle of inclination of the separating surface is preferably variable.
  • the angle of inclination may be determined prior to operation or may be modified during operation. The steeper the inclination of separating surface, the more difficult it is for particles to move up the separating surface with the result that increased inclination favours the upward movement of smaller particles having higher sliding and lower rolling coefficients of friction. Increasing the angle of inclination therefore tends to decrease the cut size of the separation and produce a finer product.
  • the angle of inclination is preferably in the range of 1-20° and will typically be in the range of 10-15°; however, it is to be understood that angles of inclination outside these ranges fall within the scope of the present invention.
  • a plurality of separating surfaces can be arranged to be used in series in accordance with the present invention.
  • particulate material may be introduced to a first separating surface with the coarse or fine material collected from the lower and upper edges respectively of the separating surface being introduced to another separating surface arranged to provide either improved separation at the same particle size or further separation at a different particle size.
  • Each of the plurality of separating surfaces may form a component of a separate apparatus according to the present invention.
  • the plurality of separating surfaces are mounted on a common base and thereby form components of a single piece of apparatus. It will therefore be appreciated that an apparatus according to the present invention can be used to separate a feed of particulate material into various fractions with the size ranges of the particles in the various fractions being variable.
  • the introduction means for introducing the particulate material onto the separating surface can take a variety of forms but is preferably a vibratory, belt or screw feeder which preferably introduces the particulate material as a uniform curtain across the width of the separating surface.
  • the present invention relates to a dry physical separation technique but can be used for separation of moist or damp particulate material.
  • the effective size of the separation tends to be increased, as compared with a dry sample of the same material, because particles tend to stick together to behave as larger particles.
  • the presence of moisture also tends to alter the coefficient of friction of a particle.
  • a moist sample of particulate material tends to be separated at a coarser size as compared with a dry sample of the same material.
  • increasing frequency tends to break up the larger particles and therefore decreases the size at which separation occurs.
  • the apparatus 10 was made by modification to a standard Denver-Dillon screen deck and comprises a base 12 which is mounted on springs 14 and which supports a separating surface 16 in the form of a planar rectangular deck.
  • the angle of inclination of the separating surface 16 is variable and the separating surface 16 is interchangeable with decks made of different materials.
  • Particulate material is introduced to the separating surface 16 by introduction means (not shown) in the form of a vibratory feeder arranged to progressively introduce the particulate material as a uniform curtain across the width of the separating surface 16.
  • Receptacles (not shown) are provided for collecting the coarse product and the fine product.
  • the standard screen deck was modified by replacing the screens with the separating surface 16 and modifying the standard vibratory motion with oscillation means for inducing non-linear oscillatory motion of the separating surface.
  • the non-linear oscillatory motion is imparted by a variable speed motor 18 driving a pair of standard out of balance flywheels 20 connected by a drive shaft 22 with the base 12 being weighted to modify the circular motion which would otherwise be induced.
  • the nature of the non-linear oscillatory motion capable of being imparted is diagrammatically represented in Figures 2(a) and 2(b); Figure 2(a) being a near circular motion and Figure 2(b) being a near linear motion.
  • Figure 4 is a plot of the size separation efficiency of a sample of iron ore introduced to the apparatus of Figure 3 at a feed rate of 560kg/hour per m 2 of separating surface.
  • a very sharp fine (approximately 50 ⁇ m) size separation was achieved and all free fines (less than 38 ⁇ m) were removed after 3 passes over the apparatus equipped with polyethylene decks at inclinations of 15°.
  • Each deck had a surface area of 0.09m 2 and the apparatus was operated at a frequency of 50Hz and an amplitude of 9mm.
  • Figure 5 is a plot of the particle size distributions of the feed and products for a sample of iron ore introduced to the apparatus of Figure 3 at a feed rate of 560kg/hour per m 2 of separating surface.
  • the apparatus was equipped with polyethylene decks at inclinations of 15°. Each deck had a surface area of 0.09m 2 and the apparatus was operated at a frequency of 50Hz and an amplitude of 9mm.
  • Figure 6 is a comparative plot of identical samples of iron ore processed by the apparatus of Figure 1 ((A) and (B)) and a prior art apparatus (C).
  • the apparatus used in the case of (C) was similar to the teaching of the prior art with the motion induced in the deck being a linear oscillatory motion in the plane of the deck as taught by SU 1315875 and US 5069346.
  • the inventive apparatus was equipped with a coated polyurethane deck and a polyethylene deck respectively and, in both cases, the inclination was 15°.
  • the prior art apparatus was equipped with a painted deck at an inclination of 22.2°. In all cases the deck had a surface area of 0.09m 2 and the apparatus was operated at a frequency of 50Hz.
  • Figure 7 is a plot of the effect of frequency on identical samples of moist iron ore introduced to the apparatus of Figure 1 in which the only variables were moisture content and frequency.
  • the deck was linatex red having a surface area of 0.09m 2 and an inclination of 11° and the apparatus was operated at an amplitude of 9mm. It is to be noted that improved results for moist feed material were achieved at higher frequency.
  • Figure 8 is a comparative plot of the effect of feed rate on identical samples of iron ore processed by the apparatus of Figure 1 ((G), (H) and (I)) and the prior art apparatus ((J) and (K)).
  • the apparatus was equipped with a linatex red deck having a surface area of 0.09m 2 and an inclination of 11°.
  • the apparatus was operated at a frequency of 50Hz.
  • the apparatus was operated at an amplitude of 9mm and for (J) and (K) was operated at an amplitude of 5mm.
  • the feed rates per m 2 of separating surface for (G), (H), (I), (J) and (K) were 870kg/hour, 1170kg/hour, 2250kg/hour, 500kg/hour and 780kg/hour respectively. It is to be noted that marginally superior results were achieved with the inventive apparatus as compared with the prior art apparatus even with in excess of a four fold increase in feed rate, ie. 2250kg/hour per m 2 of separating surface as compared with 500kg/hour per m 2 of separating surface.
  • Trial (G) was video recorded at normal speed and was also filmed with a high speed camera (800 frames per second). Slow motion replay of the normal speed recording showed that coarse material virtually immediately bounced and rolled down the separating surface towards, and ultimately over, the lower edge of the separating surface with a small percentage of coarser particles initially bouncing towards the upper edge following first striking the separating surface. After a bounce or two towards the upper edge, the small percentage of coarser particles bounced and rolled rapidly towards the lower edge. The fine material appeared as a pulsating bed which progressed up the separating surface towards, and ultimately over, the upper edge of the separating surface. The progression of fine particles was more rapid in areas where the fine particles agglomerated and tended to move as an agglomerated mass.
  • Figure 9 is a comparative plot of fine particle separation efficiency on identical samples of iron ore processed by the prior art apparatus (L) and the inventive apparatus of Figure 1 (M).
  • the deck had a surface area of 0.09m 2 and the apparatus was operated at a frequency of 50Hz.
  • the apparatus was operated at an amplitude of 5mm and for (M) the apparatus was operated at an amplitude of 9mm.
  • the present invention is capable of removing very fine particles (ie. below 100 ⁇ m and down to 20 ⁇ m); whereas, the prior art apparatus does not achieve a size separation below 100 ⁇ m.
  • Figure 10 is a plot of the particle size distributions of the feed and products for a sample of quarry dust introduced to the apparatus of Figure 3 at a feed rate of 570kg/hour per m 2 of separating surface for the first pass and at a feed rate of 200kg/hour per m 2 of separating surface for the second pass.
  • the apparatus was equipped with a linatex red deck at an inclination of 11° to the horizontal. Each deck had a surface area of 0.09m 2 and the apparatus was operated at a frequency of 50Hz and an amplitude of 9mm.
  • a very fine reject was produced from the feed (N) after the first pass (P) over the deck with a P 80 of less than 35 ⁇ m.
  • the coarse product (O) from the first pass was subsequently passed over the deck with the same conditions as the first pass which produced a similar fine product size distribution (Q) as the first pass (P).
  • the size separation achieved (less then 35 ⁇ m) is significantly finer than that required for the production of manufactured sand from quarry dust (less then 75 ⁇ m).
  • the apparatus variables can be easily optimised to perform the less difficult task of achieving the slightly coarser separation required for production of manufactured sand with improved separation efficiency and higher throughputs than are possible with conventional equipment.

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  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Vorrichtung (10) zur physikalischen Trockentrennung von partikelförmigem Material, wobei die Vorrichtung (10) Folgendes umfasst:
    eine geneigte Trennfläche (16) mit einem oberen und einem unteren Rand,
    Schwingungserzeugungsmittel zum Induzieren einer nichtlinearen Schwingungsbewegung der Trennfläche (16), und
    Zuführungsmittel zum Zuführen des partikelförmigen Materials auf die Trennfläche (16) zwischen dem oberen und dem unteren Rand,
       dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Trennfläche (16) auf einer Basis (12) montiert ist, die auf Federn (14) montiert oder gelagert ist.
  2. Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 1, bei der die nichtlineare Schwingungsbewegung eine elliptische oder exzentrische Bewegung ist.
  3. Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, bei der das Schwingungserzeugungsmittel einen Regelmotor (18) umfasst, der ein unwuchtiges Schwungrad antreibt.
  4. Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, bei der Schwingungserzeugungsmittel Mittel umfasst, um eine Mehrzahl von nichtparallelen linearen Bewegungen zu erzeugen.
  5. Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 3 oder Anspruch 4, bei der das Schwingungserzeugungsmittel ferner Mittel umfasst, um eine lineare Bewegung in einem Winkel zur Achse der nichtlinearen Schwingungsbewegung zu erzeugen.
  6. Vorrichtung (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, bei der die Trennfläche (16) für eine begrenzte Bewegung relativ zur Basis (12) angeordnet ist.
  7. Vorrichtung (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, bei der die Frequenz der nichtlinearen Schwingungsbewegung, die Amplitude der nichtlinearen Schwingungsbewegung und/oder der Neigungswinkel der Trennfläche (16) veränderlich sind.
  8. Vorrichtung (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, bei der die Trennfläche (16) in einem Winkel von 1 bis 20° geneigt ist.
  9. Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 8, bei der die Trennfläche (16) in einem Winkel von 10 bis 15° geneigt ist.
  10. Vorrichtung (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, bei der die Vorrichtung (10) eine Mehrzahl von Trennflächen (16) aufweist, die für den Betrieb in Reihe angeordnet sind.
  11. Verfahren zur physikalischen Trockentrennung von partikelförmigem Material, umfassend die folgenden Schritte:
    Induzieren einer nichtlinearen Schwingungsbewegung einer geneigten Trennfläche (16) mit einem oberen und einem unteren Rand, wobei die Trennfläche (16) auf einer Basis (12) montiert ist, die auf Federn (14) montiert oder gelagert ist, und
    Zuführen des partikelförmigen Materials auf die Trennfläche (16) zwischen dem oberen und dem unteren Rand,
       wobei sich ein erster Teil des partikelförmigen Materials nach oben in Richtung auf den oberen Rand und ein zweiter Teil des partikelförmigen Materials nach unten in Richtung auf den unteren Rand bewegt.
EP97933594A 1996-08-12 1997-08-11 Trockenphysikalische trennung von körnigen material Expired - Lifetime EP0921866B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPO156996 1996-08-12
AUPO1569A AUPO156996A0 (en) 1996-08-12 1996-08-12 Dry physical separation of particulate material
PCT/AU1997/000507 WO1998006513A1 (en) 1996-08-12 1997-08-11 Dry physical separation of particulate material

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0921866A1 EP0921866A1 (de) 1999-06-16
EP0921866A4 EP0921866A4 (de) 2000-01-19
EP0921866B1 true EP0921866B1 (de) 2003-10-15

Family

ID=3795883

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97933594A Expired - Lifetime EP0921866B1 (de) 1996-08-12 1997-08-11 Trockenphysikalische trennung von körnigen material

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0921866B1 (de)
AU (1) AUPO156996A0 (de)
DE (1) DE69725590T2 (de)
WO (1) WO1998006513A1 (de)
ZA (1) ZA977190B (de)

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2079059A (en) * 1934-04-12 1937-05-04 Edward J Winkleman Vibratory classifier
JPS5520620A (en) * 1978-07-28 1980-02-14 Satake Eng Co Ltd Automatic controller of oscillation cereals sorter
EP0139783A1 (de) * 1983-11-01 1985-05-08 Ventilatorenfabrik Oelde Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Aufbereitung von Schrott, Schutt od. dgl.
AT386767B (de) * 1986-10-24 1988-10-10 Voest Alpine Ag Ballistischer sichter
KR910008216B1 (ko) * 1989-03-13 1991-10-12 일신산업 주식회사 활석(滑石)의 선별장치(選別裝置)
DE4117029A1 (de) * 1991-05-24 1992-11-26 Steinert Gmbh Elektromagnetbau Sortiervorrichtung und verfahren

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1998006513A1 (en) 1998-02-19
EP0921866A1 (de) 1999-06-16
DE69725590D1 (de) 2003-11-20
ZA977190B (en) 1998-02-12
DE69725590T2 (de) 2004-08-05
EP0921866A4 (de) 2000-01-19
AUPO156996A0 (en) 1996-09-05

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