EP0922846A2 - Process for the reduction of the content of NOx in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Process for the reduction of the content of NOx in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0922846A2
EP0922846A2 EP98120906A EP98120906A EP0922846A2 EP 0922846 A2 EP0922846 A2 EP 0922846A2 EP 98120906 A EP98120906 A EP 98120906A EP 98120906 A EP98120906 A EP 98120906A EP 0922846 A2 EP0922846 A2 EP 0922846A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
internal combustion
value
exhaust gas
mean
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98120906A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0922846A3 (en
EP0922846B1 (en
Inventor
Ralf Dipl.-Ing. Steinert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MAN Truck and Bus SE
Original Assignee
MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG
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Publication date
Application filed by MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG filed Critical MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG
Publication of EP0922846A2 publication Critical patent/EP0922846A2/en
Publication of EP0922846A3 publication Critical patent/EP0922846A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0922846B1 publication Critical patent/EP0922846B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1473—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the regulation method
    • F02D41/1475—Regulating the air fuel ratio at a value other than stoichiometry
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1497—With detection of the mechanical response of the engine
    • F02D41/1498—With detection of the mechanical response of the engine measuring engine roughness
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/10—Parameters related to the engine output, e.g. engine torque or engine speed
    • F02D2200/1015—Engines misfires
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2250/00—Engine control related to specific problems or objectives
    • F02D2250/36—Control for minimising NOx emissions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/1446—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being exhaust temperatures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an internal combustion engine according to the generic term of claim 1.
  • the invention is based on the object for controlling the ⁇ -value of the internal combustion engine such that x -reduction to NO can be herwall up to the misfire limit.
  • the mixture can be leaned or enriched to the extent that the misfire limit is reached but not exceeded in any operating state of the internal combustion engine.
  • the NO x reduction is thus brought up to the physically possible limit.
  • the exhaust gas temperature is a function of the mass average temperature, so that this can be used as a substitute size.
  • the exhaust gas temperature is easy to detect with a temperature sensor and can be in the engine control unit can be used to control the ⁇ value.
  • Claim 3 Another advantageous method for determining the mean mass temperature can Claim 3 can be taken.
  • the exhaust gas temperature is converted from relevant engine parameters determined as a substitute quantity depending on the mean mass temperature and this is used as a control signal for the ⁇ value.
  • the cylinder pressure curve can be measured with a pressure measuring probe are calculated from this and the mass average temperature and for the control of Lambda can be used.
  • the method according to the invention for operating a mixture-compressing internal combustion engine in lean operation with ⁇ always greater than 1 is that one recognizes has that the critical limit for ⁇ in dynamic operation is not a fixed limit, but a sliding limit that depends on the average mass temperature in the combustion chamber.
  • the method according to the invention begins, which consists in that ⁇ as a function of the average mass temperature of the compressed fuel-air mixture treated in the combustion chamber. Because this mass mean temperature cannot be determined directly is, according to the invention, the procedure is such that this variable can be measured determined, for example, that the exhaust gas temperature with a temperature sensor determined and with an engine control unit the mass average temperature as one Function of the exhaust gas temperature is calculated and the calculation result of the control of the is based on the maximum possible ⁇ value or the exhaust gas temperature as a substitute variable used for the mean mass temperature for ⁇ adjustment.
  • Another possibility for smooth control of the lambda value arises by measuring the cylinder pressure curve using a pressure sensor. With help the mean temperature of the fire can be calculated and so that the lambda value can be adjusted.
  • the method according to the invention can also be used in dynamic driving go to the dropout limit with ⁇ , but without exceeding it.
  • ⁇ the maximum utilization of the theoretically possible spectrum for the value ⁇ is one Guaranteed minimization of pollutant levels, especially of NOx.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur NOx-Reduzierung an gemischverdichtenden Brennkraftmaschinen, welche im Magerbetrieb, also mit λ > 1 gefahren werden. Besonders Gasmotoren werden zur NOx-Reduzierung mit hohem Luftüberschuß gefahren. Erfindungsgemäß wird dieser Luftüberschuß im instationären Betrieb so geregelt, daß man mit dem λ- Wert bis an die Aussetzergrenze geht. Da diese Aussetzergrenze eine Funktion der Massenmitteltemperatur ist, wird diese für die Regelung des λ- Wertes verwendet. Bei hoher Massenmitteltemperatur wird λ erhöht und bei niedriger Massenmitteltemperatur wird λ gesenkt, so daß man sich mit λ immer an der höchst zulässigen Grenze bewegt. Die Massenmitteltemperatur kann erfindungsgemäß über die Abgastemperatur oder rechnerisch aus dem Zylinderdruckverlauf bestimmt werden. Durch die hohen λ- Werte wird der NOx-Gehalt der Abgase spürbar erniedrigt.The invention relates to a method for NOx reduction on mixture-compressing internal combustion engines which are operated in lean operation, that is to say with λ> 1. Gas engines in particular are operated with a large excess of air to reduce NOx. According to the invention, this excess air is regulated in non-steady-state operation in such a way that the λ value reaches the misfire limit. Since this misfire limit is a function of the mean mass temperature, it is used to control the λ value. At a high mean mass temperature, λ is increased and at a low mean mean temperature, λ is lowered, so that λ always moves at the highest permissible limit. The mass average temperature can be determined according to the invention via the exhaust gas temperature or arithmetically from the cylinder pressure curve. The high λ values noticeably lower the NOx content of the exhaust gases.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Brennkraftmaschine gemäß dem Gattungsbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to an internal combustion engine according to the generic term of claim 1.

Zur Reduzierung der NOx-Werte bei gemischverdichtenden Brennkraftmaschinen ist es bekannt, mit einem Brennstoff-Luftgemisch mit λ > 1 im Magerbetrieb zu fahren. Aufgrund der im stationären Betrieb hohen Massenmitteltemperaturen im Brennraum einer Brennkraftmaschine müssen im Hinblick auf eine niedrige NOx-Emission hohe Lambda-Werte eingestellt werden.To reduce the NO x values in mixture-compressing internal combustion engines, it is known to run with a fuel-air mixture with λ> 1 in lean operation. Due to the high mass mean temperatures in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine during steady-state operation, high lambda values must be set with a view to low NO x emissions.

Schwierigkeiten ergeben sich beim instationären Betrieb. z.B. Beschleunigungsvorgänge aus einer niedrigen Motordrehzahl, wenn die Massenimtteltemperatur im Brennraum gegenüber dem stationären Betrieb geringer ist und dadurch sich die Aussetzergrenze nach niedrigeren Lambda-Werten verschiebt.Difficulties arise in transient operation. e.g. Acceleration processes from a low engine speed if the bulk medium temperature in the combustion chamber compared to stationary operation is lower and therefore the misfire limit shifts to lower lambda values.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, den λ-Wert der Brennkraftmaschine derart zu steuern, daß zur NOx-Reduzierung bis an die Aussetzergrenze hergegangen werden kann.The invention is based on the object for controlling the λ-value of the internal combustion engine such that x -reduction to NO can be hergegangen up to the misfire limit.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the characterizing features of the patent claim 1 solved.

Dadurch, daß die Steuerung der λ-Werte durch die Massemitteltemperatur erfolgt, kann man in jedem Betriebszustand der Brennkraftmaschine das Gemisch soweit abmagern bzw. anfetten, , daß man an die Aussetzergrenze herankommt, diese aber nicht überschreitet. Die NOx-Reduzierung wird somit bis an die physikalisch mögliche Grenze herangeführt.Because the λ values are controlled by the mean temperature, the mixture can be leaned or enriched to the extent that the misfire limit is reached but not exceeded in any operating state of the internal combustion engine. The NO x reduction is thus brought up to the physically possible limit.

Eine vorteilhafte Möglichkeit zur Ermittlung der Massenmitteltemperatur kann Anspruch 2 entnommen werden. Die Abgastemperatur ist eine Funktion der Massenmitteltemperatur, so daß diese als Ersatzgröße herangezogen werden kann. Die Abgastemperatur ist leicht mit einem Temperatursensor erfaßbar und kann im Motorsteuergerät zur Steuerung des λ-Wertes verwendet werden.An advantageous possibility for determining the mean mass temperature can be claimed 2 can be removed. The exhaust gas temperature is a function of the mass average temperature, so that this can be used as a substitute size. The exhaust gas temperature is easy to detect with a temperature sensor and can be in the engine control unit can be used to control the λ value.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Methode zur Ermittlung der Massenmitteltemperatur kann Anspruch 3 entnommen werden. Aus relevanten Motorparametern wird die Abgastemperatur in Abhängigkeit der Massenmitteltemperatur als Ersatzgröße ermittelt und diese als Steuerungssignal für den λ-Wert herangezogen.Another advantageous method for determining the mean mass temperature can Claim 3 can be taken. The exhaust gas temperature is converted from relevant engine parameters determined as a substitute quantity depending on the mean mass temperature and this is used as a control signal for the λ value.

Eine andere Möglichkeit zur Ermittlung der Massenmitteltemperatur geht aus Anspruch 4 hervor. Mit einer Druckmeßsonde kann der Zylinderdruckverlauf gemessen werden und daraus die Massenmitteltemperatur errechnet und für die Steuerung von Lambda verwendet werden.Another possibility for determining the mean mass temperature is based on claim 4 out. The cylinder pressure curve can be measured with a pressure measuring probe are calculated from this and the mass average temperature and for the control of Lambda can be used.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Betrieb einer gemischverdichtenden Brennkraftmaschine im Magerbetrieb mit λ stets größer als 1 besteht darin, daß man erkannt hat, daß die kritische Grenze für λ im dynamischen Betrieb keine feste Grenze ist, sondern eine gleitende Grenze, die von der Massenmitteltemperatur im Brennraum abhängt.The method according to the invention for operating a mixture-compressing internal combustion engine in lean operation with λ always greater than 1 is that one recognizes has that the critical limit for λ in dynamic operation is not a fixed limit, but a sliding limit that depends on the average mass temperature in the combustion chamber.

Das Problem besteht nun darin, daß die Temperatursensoren nach dem derzeitigen Stand der Technik zu träge sind, um diese Massenmitteltemperatur unmittelbar zur gleitenden Steuerung des nach physikalischen Gesetzen maximal möglichen Wertes von λ heranzuziehen. Nach dem Stand der Technik ist man genötigt im dynamischen Fahrbetrieb λ zu senken, um Zündaussetzer zu vermeiden. Durch die Senkung von λ nimmt man allerdings steigende NOx Konzentrationen im Abgas in Kauf.The problem now is that the temperature sensors according to the current state of the art are too slow to use this mean mass temperature directly for the sliding control of the maximum possible value of λ according to physical laws. According to the prior art, it is necessary to reduce λ in dynamic driving to avoid misfiring. By lowering λ, however, increasing NO x concentrations in the exhaust gas are accepted.

Hier setzt nun das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ein, das darin besteht, daß man λ als eine Funktion der Massenmitteltemperatur des verdichteten Brennstoff-Luftgemisches im Brennraum behandelt. Da diese Massenmitteltemperatur nicht direkt zu ermitteln ist, wird erfindungsgemäß so verfahren, daß man diese Größe aus meßbaren Parametern ermittelt, beispielsweise, daß man die Abgastemperatur mit einem Temperatursensor ermittelt und mit einem Motorsteuergerät die Massenmitteltemperatur als eine Funktion der Abgastemperatur errechnet und das Rechenergebnis der Steuerung des maximal möglichen λ-Wertes zugrunde liegt oder die Abgastemperatur als Ersatzgröße für die Massenmitteltemperatur zur λ- Anpassung verwendet.This is where the method according to the invention begins, which consists in that λ as a function of the average mass temperature of the compressed fuel-air mixture treated in the combustion chamber. Because this mass mean temperature cannot be determined directly is, according to the invention, the procedure is such that this variable can be measured determined, for example, that the exhaust gas temperature with a temperature sensor determined and with an engine control unit the mass average temperature as one Function of the exhaust gas temperature is calculated and the calculation result of the control of the is based on the maximum possible λ value or the exhaust gas temperature as a substitute variable used for the mean mass temperature for λ adjustment.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit besteht darin, daß man die Abgastemperatur nicht direkt bestimmt, sondern diese aus Last, Drehzahl Kühlmitteltemperatur und Umgebungstemperatur im Motorsteuergerät errechnet und als Funktion dieses Rechenergebnisses wiederum auf die Massenmitteltemperatur im Brennraum schließt und damit den λ-Wert regelt.Another possibility is that the exhaust gas temperature is not directly determined, but this from load, speed, coolant temperature and ambient temperature calculated in the engine control unit and as a function of this calculation result again concludes the mass average temperature in the combustion chamber and thus the λ value regulates.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit der gleitenden Steuerung des Lambda-Wertes ergibt sich durch die Messung des Zylinderdruckverlaufes mittels eines Drucksensors. Mit Hilfe der Brennverlaufsanalyse kann die Massenmitteltemperatur errechnet werden und damit der Lambda-Wert angepaßt werden.Another possibility for smooth control of the lambda value arises by measuring the cylinder pressure curve using a pressure sensor. With help the mean temperature of the fire can be calculated and so that the lambda value can be adjusted.

Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren kann man auch im dynamischen Fahrbetrieb mit λ bis an die Aussetzergrenze gehen, ohne diese jedoch zu überschreiten. Durch die maximale Ausschöpfung des theoretisch möglichen Spektrums für den Wert λ ist eine Minimierung der Schadstoffanteile, insbesondere von NOx gewährleistet.The method according to the invention can also be used in dynamic driving go to the dropout limit with λ, but without exceeding it. Through the maximum utilization of the theoretically possible spectrum for the value λ is one Guaranteed minimization of pollutant levels, especially of NOx.

Claims (4)

Verfahren zur NOx-Reduzierung an gemischverdichtenden Brennkraftmaschinen, bei dem die Brennkraftmaschine stets mit einem Luftverhältnis von λ > 1 im Magerbetrieb gefahren wird und der λ-Wert des BrennstoffLuftgemisches von einem Motorsteuergerät geregelt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der λ-Wert in Abhängigkeit von einer Massenmitteltemperatur im Brennraum der Brennkraftmaschine gleitend geregelt wird, derart, daß bei kleiner Massenmittletemperatur λ erniedrigt, bzw. bei großer Massenmitteltemperatur λ erhöht wird, so daß die Brennkraftmaschine in jedem Betriebszustand in der Nähe der Aussetzergrenze betrieben werden kann.Process for NO x reduction in mixture-compressing internal combustion engines, in which the internal combustion engine is always operated with an air ratio of λ> 1 in lean operation and the λ value of the fuel-air mixture is regulated by an engine control unit, characterized in that the λ value is dependent on a mass average temperature in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine is slidably controlled in such a way that it lowers λ when the mass average temperature is low, or λ increases at high mass average temperature, so that the internal combustion engine can be operated in any operating condition in the vicinity of the misfire limit. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abgastemperatur mittels eines Temperatursensors ermittelt wird, und daß die Abgastemperatur als eine Funktion der Massenmitteltemperatur mittels des Motorsteuergerätes zur Steuerung des λ-Wertes benutzt wird.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the exhaust gas temperature is determined by means of a temperature sensor, and that the exhaust gas temperature as a function of the mean mass temperature of the engine control unit is used to control the λ value. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abgastemperatur zunächst aus Betriebsparametern der Brennkraftmaschine wie z.B. Last, Drehzahl, Kühlmitteltemperatur, Umgebungstemperatur im Motorsteuergerät errechnet wird und daß diese Werte als Funktion der Massenmitteltemperatur zur Steuerung des λ-Wertes verwendet werden.Process according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the exhaust gas temperature initially from operating parameters of the internal combustion engine such as e.g. Load, speed, coolant temperature, ambient temperature in the engine control unit is calculated and that these values as a function of the mean mass temperature can be used to control the λ value. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß aus dem gemessenen Zylinderdruckverlauf auf rechnerischem Weg die Massenmitteltemperatur zur Steuerung des λ-Wertes ermittelt wird.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that from the measured The cylinder pressure curve calculates the mean mass temperature Control of the λ value is determined.
EP98120906A 1997-12-12 1998-11-04 Process for the reduction of the content of NOx in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine Expired - Lifetime EP0922846B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19755299A DE19755299A1 (en) 1997-12-12 1997-12-12 Process for NO¶x¶ reduction in mixture-compressing internal combustion engines
DE19755299 1997-12-12

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0922846A2 true EP0922846A2 (en) 1999-06-16
EP0922846A3 EP0922846A3 (en) 2002-05-15
EP0922846B1 EP0922846B1 (en) 2004-05-26

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EP98120906A Expired - Lifetime EP0922846B1 (en) 1997-12-12 1998-11-04 Process for the reduction of the content of NOx in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine

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EP (1) EP0922846B1 (en)
AU (1) AU9705398A (en)
CA (1) CA2255462A1 (en)
DE (2) DE19755299A1 (en)

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DE10307367A1 (en) * 2003-02-21 2004-09-09 B + V Industrietechnik Gmbh Regulating gas-powered engines involves measuring combustion pressure in each cylinder, controlling fuel feed depending on pressure evaluation carried out immediately after pressure value measurement

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WO2010070199A1 (en) * 2008-12-16 2010-06-24 Wärtsilä Finland Oy Method and system for combustion engine pollution control

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0922846A3 (en) 2002-05-15
EP0922846B1 (en) 2004-05-26
DE19755299A1 (en) 1999-06-17
CA2255462A1 (en) 1999-06-12
AU9705398A (en) 1999-07-01
DE59811462D1 (en) 2004-07-01

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