Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
  • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
  • D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
  • D21H19/38—Coatings with pigments characterised by the pigments
  • D21H19/385—Oxides, hydroxides or carbonates
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
  • D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
  • D21H19/38—Coatings with pigments characterised by the pigments
  • D21H19/40—Coatings with pigments characterised by the pigments siliceous, e.g. clays
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
  • D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
  • D21H19/44—Coatings with pigments characterised by the other ingredients, e.g. the binder or dispersing agent
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
  • D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
  • D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
  • D21H23/50—Spraying or projecting
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
  • D21H27/10—Packing paper

Definitions

• This invention is concerned with packaging materials and in particular with a method for increasing the coefficient of friction of the surface of packaging materials made from cellulosic fibres, and especially the surface of paperboard products such as linerboards and of kraft paper for making paper sacks; it is also concerned with products produced thereby.
• Linerboard generally consists of two or more layers of cellulosic sheet material laminated together.
• a high quality linerboard may consist of a relatively thick base layer made from unbleached softwood kraft pulp to which is laminated a thinner layer called a "liner" which is generally made from a higher quality unbleached kraft pulp than that used to form the base layer.
• the two layers are separately manufactured on a conventional paper making machine, which may be, for example, of the Fourdrinier type.
• a dilute suspension of cellulosic fibres together with a mineral filler, if used, and chemical additives which may be used to improve the retention of the filler is caused to flow in the form of a broad curtain on to the upper surface of a travelling wire mesh belt, through which water is withdrawn by gravity and by suction, to leave a felt-like web of cellulosic fibrous material on the surface of the wire mesh belt, which web is dried by radiation and/or convection to yield a sheet material.
• the resultant laminated web is cut into sheets of appropriate size, and the sheets are creased and folded to make boxes or cartons for the product which is required to be packaged and transported.
• Linerboard boxes filled with goods are generally handled in large numbers in warehouses, stores and in various means for conveying goods.
• a very common practice is to stack a number of such boxes, from two or three upwards to ten or more, on a pallet, and to move the pallet, complete with its stack of boxes, from one place to another on a particular site by means of a fork-lift truck.
• problems are caused if the coefficient of friction between the surface of two adjacent boxes is too low. In such a case, one box could easily slide over another while the stack of boxes was being handled and could become detached from the rest of the stack with results which would be very detrimental to efficient handling.
• a similar problem may occur when kraft paper sacks are used to contain particulate solid products during transport and storage.
• paper sacks are composed of two or more layers of kraft paper, and if the outermost layer has a relatively low coefficient of friction, there will be a tendency for the filled sacks to slide over one another during handling and transport.
• Coating compositions which are at present being applied to cellulosic packaging materials such as paperboard and kraft paper to increase the coefficient of friction of its surface generally consist predominantly of either colloidal silica or alumina together with various organic additives.
• Such coatings meet the requirements of enhancing the coefficient of friction without impairing the visual appearance of the packaging material or adversely affecting the quality of printed text applied by the flexographic process.
• These coating compositions suffer from the disadvantages that they are relatively expensive, and, in the case of compositions containing colloidal silica, may be considered to be hazardous to health, especially when dry.
• US-A-2872094 (Leptien) describes a non-skid or anti-slipping composition for cellulosic paper container materials, including kraft bag stock and paperboard.
• the composition consists essentially of about 3 to 15% colloidal silica, about 3 to 15% finely divided extender material, which may be a finely divided clay, a non-ionic polyalkylene ether wetting agent and an emulsified dimethyl polysiloxane foam suppresser, the balance being water.
• US-A-3689431 (Payne) describes a silica sol-containing coating composition for imparting antislip properties to a cellulosic sheet material which is said to have no detrimental effects on the printing and handling characteristics of the materials.
• the composition initially comprises from 30 to 65% by weight of a mixture of from 2 to 20, preferably from 4 to 6, parts by weight of colloidal silica to 1 part by weight of a silica powder having an average particle diameter within the range of from 4 to 120nm.
• composition is diluted with water to from 0.5 to 1% by weight of silica, and applied as a coating at a rate of from 0.05 to 0.5 pound of silica per 1000 ft 2 of surface of the cellulosic sheet material (0.24g.m -2 - 2.4g.m -2 ).
• US-A-5569318 describes an anti-slip coating composition for the surface of a paper product, which coating composition is designed to overcome a problem which occurs when a conventional anti-slip composition containing colloidal silica is applied to the surface of a web of cellulosic sheet material by spraying. Under these conditions the sprayed coating composition will tend to settle, not only on the sheet material web, where it is required, but also on the surrounding work area, where it dries and flakes off eventually to form a fine dust, which is hazardous to health.
• the solution proposed to this problem is to use a coating composition comprising from 12 to 20% by weight of colloidal silica solids, from 5 to 16.5% by weight of glycerin and from 0.5 to 10% by weight of N,N-dimethyl acetoacetamide, the balance being water.
• JP-A-04-327297 describes an anti-slip composition for cardboard boxes. Boxes treated with the composition are said to retain their anti-slip properties even after repeated shipments.
• the composition comprises calcium sulphate whiskers which have an average diameter in the range of from 1 to 5 ⁇ m and an average length in the range of from 30 to 70 ⁇ m.
• the calcium sulphate whiskers are combined with colloidal silica, an alumina sol, water glass, a resin emulsion or a water soluble resin.
• a method for increasing the coefficient of static friction of a cellulosic sheet packaging material which method comprises the steps of:
• the coating may have, eg after drying of the coating, a coat weight per unit surface area coated in the range of from 0.5g.m -2 to 3.0g.m -2 .
• the adhesive may form at least 4% by weight, eg from 10% to 60% by weight, based on the dry weight of the particulate inorganic material.
• the cellulosic sheet material may be packaging material.
• it may comprise a kraft paper material of the type which is used, often in two or more layers or "plies", to form paper sacks, or it may be a board material formed by laminating together two or more cellulosic sheets to form a packaging material of the type known variously as paper board, cardboard or linerboard.
• the cellulosic sheet material generally has at least one surface which is capable of receiving a good quality print impression in a printing process, which may be, for example, of the flexographic type.
• the flexographic printing process is a process of the relief type. In other words it makes use of raised characters to form the print image.
• the printing plate is of a flexible material such as rubber, and a very fluid ink, comprising a pigment dissolved in a water or alcohol medium, is used with minimal print pressure.
• the invention unexpectedly and beneficially allows anti-slip (anti-skid) coatings to be applied to cellulosic sheet materials such as packaging materials effectively and more cheaply than in the prior art.
• the particulate mineral material preferably has a particle size distribution such that at least 20% by weight consists of particles having an equivalent spherical diameter smaller than 2 ⁇ m.
• particle size distribution is as measured by the well known technique of sedimentation in a fully dispersed condition in a dilute aqueous suspension using a SEDIGRAPHTM 5100 machine supplied by Micromeritics Corporation, USA.
• the particulate inorganic material comprises calcium carbonate, ie is either a ground natural calcium carbonate, such as ground chalk or marble, and/or a chemically precipitated calcium carbonate.
• the adhesive may comprise a hydrophilic substance of the carbohydrate type, for example a starch, a cellulose derivative, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose or hydroxyethyl cellulose, or a saccharide such as arabinogalactan.
• the adhesive may comprise a hydrophilic substance of the polymer latex type, for example a latex of a copolymer of two or three monomers selected from the group consisting of styrene, butadiene, acrylonitrile and acrylic acid, a polyvinyl acetate latex, a polyvinyl alcohol latex or an ethylene vinyl acetate latex.
• the adhesive may be a mixture of two or more of the foregoing.
• a lubricant in an amount of up to 80% by weight of the binder, eg glycerol forming up to 50% of the binder, may be included in an adhesive or binder composition.
• step (b) the aqueous coating composition prepared in step (a) is preferably diluted, if necessary, before spraying to a total solids content in the range of from about 10% to about 20% by weight.
• the water content of the sprayable composition employed in step (b) preferably is in the range 80% to 92% by weight.
• the sprayable composition may include one or more further additives to improve properties before, during or after spraying of the composition.
• a surfactant may be included to improve spraying of the composition and to prevent coalescence of the particles in the droplets.
• the surfactant may comprise a non-ionic surfactant.
• suitable non-ionic surfactants include one or more compounds selected from primary, secondary and tertiary alcohol ethoxylates, alkyl phenols, ethoxylated dialkyl phenols, block copolymers comprising alkylene oxides, alkylphenoxypolyethoxylalkanols and polyoxyethylated acetylenic glycols. Alcohol ethoxylates are preferred for use as the surfactant.
• the surfactant if non-ionic has a hydrophile/lipophile balance (HLB) in the range 5 to 14, eg in the range 8 to 11.
• HLB hydrophile/lipophile balance
• suitable commercially available non-ionic surfactants are the products sold respectively under the trade names TRITON X-100, DOBANOL 91-6 and NEODOL 91-6.
• the surfactant may form, based on the dry weight of the particulate inorganic material, up to 5% preferably from 0.1% to 2%, by weight.
• a dye or colouring material may be added to the composition to match the colour of the deposited composition to that of the cellulosic sheet material.
• the cellulosic sheet may comprise yellow or brown packaging or board material and the composition may include one or more additives giving a yellow or brown colouration.
• a suitable additive for brown sheet coating comprises a brown dye optionally together with a black pigment, eg carbon black.
• An example of a suitable brown dye is BASAZOLTM Brown 43L.
• the sprayable composition is preferably one in which substantial sedimentation of the solid components does not occur over a period of time, eg at least one hour.
• the coefficient of friction of the sheet material treated by the method of the invention is raised by an increment of at least 0.1 in some cases by from 0.2 or more, eg to a value of 0.50 or more, in some cases 0.58 or more.
• the means employed to spray the sprayable composition provides a spray of droplets having an average size not greater than lmm, in many cases not greater than 0.5mm.
• the sprayed droplets are thereby fine droplets of the coating composition which may suitably form a uniform coating on the surface of the cellulosic sheet material.
• compositions 1 to 4 were in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention and each contained 100 parts by weight of dry calcium carbonate pigment and 50 parts by weight of a starch binder.
• the calcium carbonate pigments were either produced by grinding a natural calcium carbonate or by chemical precipitation and had varying particle size distributions, which were characterised by the percentage by weight of particles which had an equivalent spherical diameter smaller than 2 ⁇ m and 1 ⁇ m , respectively. Details of the calcium carbonate pigments are given in Table 1 below.
• Composition 5 was a control composition representing a prior art formulation and consisting of 31.5% by weight of a colloidal silica having a mean particle diameter of 91nm, 13.5% by weight of an organic carbohydrate binding agent and 55% by weight of water.
• compositions 1 to 4 were diluted with water to about 10% by weight of dry solids and Composition 5 was diluted to about 7% of dry solids, a value which is given as being appropriate in many prior published patent specifications relating to the use of anti-slip coating compositions containing colloidal silica.
• Each diluted suspension was sprayed on to the surface of a sample of a linerboard of substance weight 42 lb. per 1000 ft 2 (205g.m -2 ) to give a coating of dry weight in the range of from about 0.5 to about 2.5g.m -2 .
• the coatings were allowed to dry and the samples of coated linerboard were then tested for static coefficient of friction and for brightness or percentage reflectance to light of wavelength 457nm.
• the static coefficient of friction was measured by means of a "TensometricTM Micro 350" tensometer by attaching a sample of coated linerboard to the highly polished surface of a weighted stainless steel block which is drawn across a second sample of the coated linerboard which is attached to a glass bed plate which in turn is securely located on the bed plate of the tensometer.
• the stainless steel block is drawn across the surface of the second coated linerboard sample by means of a flexible steel wire which passes around a substantially frictionless pulley and is connected at its further end to the cross head of the tensometer.
• the dimensions of the block are 60mm x 45mm x 6mm and the weight of the block and the wire together is 128 grams.
• the block is also loaded with a 2kg weight placed on top of the block.
• the cross head ascends at a constant rate of 100mm.min -1 and the loaded block is drawn across the surface of the linerboard sample at the same speed.
• a load cell mounted in the cross head gives a continuous read-out of the tension in the wire in Newtons.
• a second digital read-out displays the distance travelled by the block.
• the tension in the wire is measured continuously during the movement of the block and the data is automatically saved using a personal computer.
• the static coefficient of friction is a measure of the frictional force which must be overcome to initiate movement, and this is the coefficient of friction which is most often quoted in the paperboard industry.
• the kinetic coefficient of friction is derived by averaging over a set time period the forces required to pull the already moving block.
• the brightness was measured by the procedure laid down in International Standard No ISO 2470. This test gave an indication as to the visual appearance of the surface after the anti-slip coating had been applied, and revealed whether the appearance had been significantly changed by the application of the coating.
• composition 1 which contains a very finely ground natural calcium carbonate, provides an anti-skid effect which is as good as, if not slightly better than that provided by the prior art Composition 5.
• the anti-skid effect provided by the other composition in accordance with an embodiment of the invention is at least comparable with that provided by the prior art composition.
• Composition 3 which appeared to give a small, but significant, increase in the reflectance to light of wavelength 457nm, none of the compositions had an appreciable effect on the visual appearance of the coated linerboard.
• the ink was diluted before use with 10 parts by volume of water added to 100 parts by volume of ink.
• the printer was run with a load of 50 N on the engraved cylinder and 100 N on the impression roller and a printing speed on 0.5m.s -1 .
• a solid black area was printed on each sample and the optical density of the printed and unprinted areas were measured for each sample.
• compositions 1 to 3 were in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention and each contained 100 parts by weight of dry mineral pigment and 50 parts by weight of a binder composition consisting of 60% by weight of starch and 40% by weight of glycerol.
• the mineral pigments had the following properties:
• Composition 6 A mixture consisting of 50% by weight of a calcined clay having a particle size distribution such that 90% by weight consisted of particles having an equivalent spherical diameter smaller than 2 ⁇ m and 50% by weight of a hydrous kaolin clay having a particle size distribution such that 96% by weight consisted of particles having an equivalent spherical diameter smaller than 2 ⁇ m.
• Composition 7 A ground marble having a particle size distribution such that 88% by weight consisted of particles having an equivalent spherical diameter smaller than 2 ⁇ m.
• Composition 8 A ground marble having a particle size distribution such that 80% by weight consisted of particles having an equivalent spherical diameter smaller than 2 ⁇ m.
• Each aqueous coating composition was diluted with water to a solids content in the range of from 16.5 to 19.0% by weight and was sprayed on to a sample of a test linerboard to give coat weights in the range of from about 0.5 to about 4.5g.m -2 .
• Test linerboard is so called because the product was historically designed to meet a specific test value. It consists of a base layer of high quality waste paper pulp and a thin top layer comprising virgin unbleached kraft pulp.
• Composition 9 was a control composition similar to Composition 5 in Example 1 above and consisted of 31.5% by weight of a colloidal silica having a mean particle diameter of 91nm, 13.5% by weight of an organic carbohydrate binding agent and 55% by weight of water. This composition was diluted to about 7% of dry solids before spraying.
• compositions 7 and 8 give a good increase in the coefficient of friction of the surface of the linerboard, provided that the coat weight is in excess of about 1.5 to 2.0g.m -2 .
• the increase in reflectance to light of wavelength 457nm with these two compositions is only slight and insufficient to cause a noticeable change in the visual appearance of the coated linerboard.
• Composition 6, which contains a pigment which is a mixture of calcined and uncalcined kaolin clays also gives a useful increase in coefficient of friction, but in this case there is a greater increase in reflectance to light of wavelength 457nm from the coated surface, and this results in a detectable difference in the visual appearance of the coated linerboard.
• compositions 10 to 13 were in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention and each contained 100 parts by weight of a dry mineral pigment which was a ground natural marble having a particle size distribution such that 88% by weight consisted of particles having an equivalent spherical diameter smaller than 2 ⁇ m and 63% by weight consisted of particles having an equivalent spherical diameter smaller than 1 ⁇ m.
• a dry mineral pigment which was a ground natural marble having a particle size distribution such that 88% by weight consisted of particles having an equivalent spherical diameter smaller than 2 ⁇ m and 63% by weight consisted of particles having an equivalent spherical diameter smaller than 1 ⁇ m.
• Each composition used a different adhesive system details of which are as follows: Composition 10: 20 parts by weight of a soft rotogravure grade, alkali swellable acrylic latex, which is available from BASF under the trade name "ACRONAL S553V”.
• Composition 11 50 parts by weight of a hot water starch adhesive which is sold under the trade name "EMOX TSC”
• Composition 12 50 parts by weight of a sodium carboxymethyl cellulose adhesive.
• Composition 13 50 parts by weight of a polyacrylamide adhesive, which is available from the Calgon Corporation under the trade name "TRP-1044".
• Each aqueous coating composition was diluted with water to a solids content in the range of from 10 to 12% by weight and was sprayed on to a sample of a linerboard having a dry substance weight of 42 pounds per 1000 ft 2 (205g.m -2 ) to give coat weights in the range of from about 0.3 to about 2.0g.m -2 .
• Composition 14 was a control composition similar to Compositions 5 and 9 in Examples 1 and 2 above and consisted of 31.5% by weight of a colloidal silica having a mean particle diameter of 91nm, 13.5% by weight of an organic carbohydrate binding agent and 55% by weight of water. This composition was diluted to about 7% of dry solids before spraying.
• compositions containing a fine ground natural calcium carbonate as the particulate mineral and either a latex or starch adhesive will provide a good increase in the coefficient of friction of the coated linerboard surface, and the level of the coefficient of fiction will be well retained after the third slide, provided that the coat weight of these composition applied is at least about 1.5g.m -2 .
• These compositions have an insignificant effect on the reflectance to light of 457nm wavelength, and therefore on the visual appearance of the surface.
• compositions 15 and 16 were in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention and each contained 100 parts by weight of a dry mineral pigment and 20 parts by weight of a soft styrene/butadiene latex adhesive, which is often used in paper coating compositions for preparing coated paper for use in rotogravure printing, and is marketed by GenCorp under the trade name "GENFLO 5170".
• composition 15 a ground natural marble having a particle size distribution such that 88% by weight consisted of particles having an equivalent spherical diameter smaller than 2 ⁇ m and 63% by weight consisted of particles having an equivalent spherical diameter smaller than 1 ⁇ m
• Composition 16 a ground natural marble having a particle size distribution such that 61% by weight consisted of particles having an equivalent spherical diameter smaller than 2 ⁇ m and 40% by weight consisted of particles having an equivalent spherical diameter smaller than 1 ⁇ m.
• Each aqueous coating composition was diluted with water to a solids content of about 10% by weight and was sprayed on to a sample of a linerboard which was formed from virgin pulp alone and which had a dry substance weight of 33 pounds per 1000 ft 2 (161g.m -2 ) to give coat weights in the range of from about 0.2 to about 1.5g.m -2 .
• Composition 17 was a control composition similar to Compositions 5, 9 and 14 in Examples 1 to 3 above and consisted of 31.5% by weight of a colloidal silica having a mean particle diameter of 91nm, 13.5% by weight of an organic carbohydrate binding agent and 55% by weight of water. This composition was diluted to about 7% of dry solids before spraying.
• composition 15 a finer ground natural calcium carbonate mineral
• Composition 16 a less fine calcium carbonate mineral
• compositions 18 to 20 were in accordance with the present invention and each contained 100 parts by weight of the same fine ground natural calcium carbonate mineral as was described in connection with Composition 16 in Example 4 above and different quantities of the same latex adhesive as was described in Example 4.
• the amounts of the latex adhesive used in each of the compositions were:
• Each aqueous coating composition was diluted with water to a solids content of about 10% by weight and was sprayed on to a sample of the same linerboard as was described in Example 4 to give dry coatings having weights in the range of from 0.35 to 1.3g.m -2 .
• compositions 21 and 22 were in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention and each contained 100 parts by weight of the same fine ground natural calcium carbonate mineral as was described in connection with Composition 16 in Example 4 above and different quantities of an adhesive which was supplied by Larex Inc. and comprised an arabinogalactan sugar derived from wood gum.
• the amounts of the arabinogalactan adhesive used in each of the compositions were:
• Each aqueous coating composition was diluted with water to a solids content of about 10% by weight and was sprayed on to a sample of the same linerboard as was described in Example 4 to give dry coatings having weights in the range of from 0.6 to 1.6g.m -2 .
• An anti-slip coating compositions for liner board, Composition 23, in accordance with the an embodiment of present invention contained 80 parts by weight of the same fine ground natural calcium carbonate mineral as was described in connection with Composition 16 in Example 4 above, 20 parts by weight of the calcined clay which was described under Composition 6 in Example 2 above and 50 parts by weight of the arabinogalactan adhesive which was used in Example 6 above.
• This coating composition was diluted with water to a solids content of about 10% by weight and was sprayed on to a sample of the same linerboard as was described in Example 4 to give dry coatings having weights in the range of from 0.8 to 1.0g.m -2 .
• compositions 24 and 25 were each in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention and each contained 100 parts by weight of the same fine ground natural calcium carbonate as was described in connection with Composition 15 in Example 4 above.
• the formulations of the two compositions are given in Table 10 below: Ingredient Parts by weight Composition 24 Composition 25 Calcium carbonate 100 100 Latex adhesive 10 0 Arabinogalactan 2 4 Lignosulphonate (brown colourant) 3 3
• the latex adhesive was the same as that described in Example 4, ie that marketed by GenCorp under the trade name "GENFLO 5170".
• the arabinogalactan adhesive was the same as that described in Example 6.
• the lignosulphonate was of the cross linked type.
• Each coating composition was diluted with water to a solids content of about 10% by weight and was sprayed on to samples of the same linerboard as was described in Example 1 to give dry coatings having weights in the range of from 0.2 to 0.7 g.m -2 .
• compositions in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention were prepared which contained (i) a surfactant, or (ii) a combination of a surfactant and a dark coloured pigment.
• Compositions 26 and 27 each contained 100 parts by weight of the same fine ground natural calcium carbonate as was described in connection with Composition 15 in Example 4 above.
• compositions are given in Table 12 below: Ingredient Parts by weight Composition 26 Composition 27 Calcium carbonate 100 100 Arabinogalactan 4 4 Lignosulphonate 3 3 Surfactant 1 2.1 Brown dye 0 1.1 Carbon black 0 0.7
• the arabinogalactan adhesive was the same as that described in Example 6.
• the lignosulphonate was of the cross linked type and was first dissolved in warm water to form a 20% by weight aqueous solution before being added to the coating composition.
• the surfactant was a non-ionic alcohol ethoxylate of the general formula R(OCH 2 CH 2 ) 8 OH, where R is a hydrocarbon radical having from 9 to 11 carbon atoms, and having an HLB number of 13.7. It was used in the form in which it is made available in commerce.
• the carbon black which consisted of particles having an average diameter about 20nm, and which is marketed by Columbian Chemicals under the trade name "ACTION A5 PFE", was added to the coating composition in the form of a 20% by weight aqueous slurry.
• the brown dye was "BASAZOL Brown 43L” and was used in the form in which it is made available in commerce.
• Each coating composition was diluted with water to a solids content of about 10% by weight and was sprayed on to samples of the same linerboard as was described in Example 1 to give dry coatings having weights in the range of from 0.1 to 0.9 g.m -2 .
• a further sample of Composition 25 was prepared as described in Example 8, and this was also diluted with water to a solids content of about 10% by weight and sprayed on to samples of the liner board in the same way.

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• Paper (AREA)
• Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Wrappers (AREA)
• Paints Or Removers (AREA)

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Publications (2)

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ID=10823946

Family Applications (1)

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• 1997
  • 1997-12-19 GB GBGB9726921.1A patent/GB9726921D0/en not_active Ceased
• 1998
  • 1998-12-16 EP EP98310335A patent/EP0924342A3/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 1998-12-18 CA CA 2256818 patent/CA2256818A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 1998-12-21 JP JP10378194A patent/JPH11335588A/ja active Pending

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