EP0924468A2 - Bougie électrique à incandescence pour moteur à combustion interne - Google Patents
Bougie électrique à incandescence pour moteur à combustion interne Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0924468A2 EP0924468A2 EP98123342A EP98123342A EP0924468A2 EP 0924468 A2 EP0924468 A2 EP 0924468A2 EP 98123342 A EP98123342 A EP 98123342A EP 98123342 A EP98123342 A EP 98123342A EP 0924468 A2 EP0924468 A2 EP 0924468A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- glow plug
- getter material
- metal
- plug according
- oxygen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005247 gettering Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 25
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009973 Ti2O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002639 bone cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009503 electrostatic coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 iron-chromium-aluminum Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- GQUJEMVIKWQAEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(III) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]O[Ti]=O GQUJEMVIKWQAEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
- F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
Definitions
- the invention is based on an electrically heatable glow plug or a glow stick for internal combustion engines after the Preamble of claim 1, as for example from the EP 450 185 B1 emerges as known.
- glow plugs are used in the combustion chamber for preheating during a cold start or - as a glow stick in the intake duct - for the intake air preheating used.
- the glow plug or the Glow rod consist of a corrosion-free metallic sheath, one heating and one control coil and one electrical insulating, compressed powder filling.
- the heating and The control coil consists of a ferritic one in the heating area Steel to which a pure nickel wire is welded as a variable resistor is.
- the material of the heating coil is subject to a thermal and chemical influences that affect the life of the glow plug can. At least these influences are essential Parameters relating to the life of the glow plug. On the one hand, this can lead to intercrystalline corrosion come from crystal growth and tendency to coarse grain formation is promoted for ferritic heating conductors. On the other hand At high temperatures it can cause corrosion on the free Surface of the heating coil and thus to weaken the heating wire cross-section come. This process is due to presence oxygen in the vicinity of the heating wire, that on the particle surface of the powder filling from the air was adsorbed during the manufacture of the glow plug.
- the object of the invention is that of the generic type Glow plug regarding a longer service life of the heating coil improve.
- glow plugs are used in the combustion chamber for preheating during a cold start or - as a rod-shaped flame glow plug or Flame system in the supply air duct - used for air preheating.
- the embodiment of a glow plug shown in Figure 1 1 has a glow plug 5 which is held in a base 2 is.
- the glow plug in turn consists of a corrosion-free one metallic jacket 7, from a heating coil 8 with a welded control coil 9 and from an electric insulating, compressed powder filling 10 which ensures that the heating and control coil 8, 9 within the metal jacket 7 stationary and can be fixed.
- the metal jacket 7 usually consists of a nickel-rich iron alloy or from a nickel-based alloy such as Inconel 601 and is usually electrical as a ground pole, i.e. negative switched.
- the heating and control coil 8, 9 is electric at one end welded to the tip of the metal jacket 7. Its other end is embedded in an isolator 3 Connection screw 4, also called inner pole, connected electrically insulated and sealed (seal 6) from the base the glow plug or the glow rod led out and with the Positive pole of the power source is connected.
- the bolt the inner pole 4 with the upper open end of the metal jacket 7 sealed a soft insulating gasket 6 'that is reliable must seal.
- the heating and control coil 8, 9 consists in Heating area (heating coil 8) made of a ferritic steel, e.g.
- Such a heating coil is a coiled one Wire (control coil 9) made of pure nickel welded on has the function of a variable resistor.
- Magnesioma oxide is generally used as powder filling 10. To the atmospheric oxygen contained in the pores of the powder filling to minimize, the powder is compressed very strongly, by concentrating the filled metal jacket from the outside through a impacting tool compressed and therefore in diameter is reduced. The powder filling is in the range of The heating rod tip is particularly strongly compressed by the metal jacket there is conically compressed. Because of the high operating temperatures the heating coil and a sufficient supply of oxygen it happens in the compressed powder filling creeping corrosion of the heating coil. The residual oxygen is not only in the free, air-filled pore volume the powder filling included, but it is mostly on the very large pore surface of the magnesium oxide powder filling adsorbed.
- the getter material can be in the finer, in the densified form
- Powder filling 10 of distributed particles 11 may be included as is provided in the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2 is.
- the getter material particles 11 be electrically non-conductive, albeit a small proportion the mixed getter particles can also be metallic can; there must be no metallic bridges from the particles form. For this reason, they exist in the powder filling mixed getter material particles 11 at least predominantly made of silicon or metal oxides. And here are oxides such metals used in several oxidation states oxidize and have a higher affinity for oxygen than the spiral material.
- the getter material is in the initial state when using metal oxides in the first oxidation stage in front.
- Iron, boron, titanium, aluminum, Vanadium, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, iridium and / or tungsten used individually or in mixtures of different compositions become. Copper, tin and / or cerium may also be used be used.
- the getter material can be used as shown of Figures 3 to 5 also in the form of a coating on the Helix 8 or provided on the inner surface of the metal shell 7 be.
- the getter material coating applied consist of a metal, namely one Metal or a mixture or an alloy of such Metals exist which have a higher affinity for oxygen have as the spiral or the sheath material and which one furthermore not or only to a small extent with the spiral material or allow the jacket material to be alloyed.
- the gettering ability is particularly great. Completeness half of it should be mentioned, however, that a coating of the helix 8th or the inner surface of the metal jacket 7 with getter material also contain metal oxides of low oxidation level or entirely may consist of such metal oxides.
- the - metallic - getter material can in the case of a coating the coil 8 or the inner surface of the metal jacket 7 are applied galvanically, as shown in FIG. 4 with the Electroplating layer 13 shows.
- Other types of coating are also available possible.
- the coil or the metal jacket - by dipping or spraying - provided with an adhesive layer 12 and then metal particles 11 'are embedded in this adhesive layer ( Figure 3) become what is by immersion in loose powder or can be done by spraying with powder.
- the adhesive layer can be organic binders such as higher quality Trade alcohols, bone glue or wallpaper paste.
- With Objects to be coated getter material (coil 8, metal jacket 7) can also by dipping, splash coating or Spraying with an organic adhesive layer 14, are embedded in the getter particles 11 ′′ (cf.
- FIG. 5 Of the However, organic binders must be installed before installing the heating pin by thermal treatment of the coated parts eliminated at temperatures between 400 and 600 ° C become.
- Another coating method is one electrostatic coating, in which the electrically charged Getter particles on the objects to be coated, the electrically switched to counter potential, put down become.
- Other coating methods include plasma or pulse plasma coatings as well as PVD and CVD processes into consideration.
- Getter materials inside the glow stick will be the one that still exists Residual oxygen chemically bound from it. That goal can of course be achieved particularly perfectly, if from the start an inert atmosphere in the powder filling by supplying an inert gas, for example nitrogen, Carbon dioxide or a rare gas, e.g. Argon created and any residual oxygen is minimized from the outset.
- an inert gas for example nitrogen, Carbon dioxide or a rare gas, e.g. Argon created and any residual oxygen is minimized from the outset.
- This in the inert gas contained in the powder filling is expedient already in those required in the glow plug manufacturing process Storage for the filling powder added and the powder underneath Inert gas is stored so that the particles on their surface adsorb this gas and superficially as little oxygen as possible attach.
- the inert gas and the powder filling are absolutely dry, which e.g. by a temporary Heating the filled metal jacket under an inert gas atmosphere and can be achieved with dehumidification.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19756988 | 1997-12-20 | ||
| DE19756988A DE19756988C1 (de) | 1997-12-20 | 1997-12-20 | Elektrisch beheizbare Glühkerze oder Glühstab für Verbrennungsmotoren |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0924468A2 true EP0924468A2 (fr) | 1999-06-23 |
| EP0924468A3 EP0924468A3 (fr) | 1999-09-22 |
| EP0924468B1 EP0924468B1 (fr) | 2002-09-11 |
Family
ID=7852815
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98123342A Expired - Lifetime EP0924468B1 (fr) | 1997-12-20 | 1998-12-08 | Bougie électrique à incandescence pour moteur à combustion interne |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US6043459A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0924468B1 (fr) |
| DE (2) | DE19756988C1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2587156A4 (fr) * | 2010-06-22 | 2017-12-27 | NGK Spark Plug Company Limited | Bougie de préchauffage, procédé de production associé et dispositif de chauffage |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4057762B2 (ja) * | 2000-04-25 | 2008-03-05 | 株式会社ルネサステクノロジ | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
| EP1261037A1 (fr) * | 2001-05-25 | 2002-11-27 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. (a Delaware corporation) | Encapsulation d'un dispositif optoélectronique et méthode de fabrication |
| DE10154641A1 (de) * | 2001-11-07 | 2003-05-22 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Elektronisch beheizbare Glühkerze und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer elektrisch beheizbaren Glühkerze |
| DE50211415D1 (de) * | 2001-10-23 | 2008-01-31 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Elektrisch beheizbare glühkerze und verfahren zur herstellung einer elektrisch beheizbaren glühkerze |
| DE10157466A1 (de) | 2001-10-23 | 2003-04-30 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Elektrisch beheizbare Glühkerze und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer elektrisch beheizbaren Glühkerze |
| WO2003049084A1 (fr) * | 2001-12-03 | 2003-06-12 | Sae Magnetics (H.K.) Ltd. | Systeme et procede de traitement, par exemple d'isolation, de composants piezo-electriques, par exemple de micro-actionneurs piezo-electriques a utiliser dans des lecteurs de disques durs magnetiques |
| JP2004263951A (ja) * | 2003-03-03 | 2004-09-24 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | グロープラグ |
| DE10314218A1 (de) | 2003-03-28 | 2004-10-14 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg | Elektrisches Heizelement |
| US20050053884A1 (en) * | 2003-09-05 | 2005-03-10 | Channel Products, Inc. | Hot wire igniter |
| BRPI0709424B1 (pt) * | 2006-03-28 | 2018-07-03 | Stoneridge, Inc. | Sensor de temperaturas |
| DE102006062215A1 (de) | 2006-12-22 | 2008-06-26 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Glühstiftkerze |
| US20090184101A1 (en) * | 2007-12-17 | 2009-07-23 | John Hoffman | Sheathed glow plug |
| CN103180703B (zh) | 2010-09-07 | 2016-10-19 | 斯通瑞智公司 | 温度传感器和相应的发动机系统 |
| US10670276B2 (en) * | 2013-05-02 | 2020-06-02 | Original Pellet Grill Company Llc | Double-sealed high-temperature resistant DC ignitor for use with wood pellet burner assemblies |
| DE102014220235A1 (de) * | 2014-10-07 | 2016-04-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Heizkörper für eine elektrisch beheizbare Glühstiftkerze mit axial gepresstem Heizeinsatz, und zugehöriges Herstellungsverfahren |
| US11183314B2 (en) * | 2018-05-14 | 2021-11-23 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Methods and compositions for minimizing x-ray scattering artifacts |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0450185A2 (fr) | 1990-03-08 | 1991-10-09 | Mercedes-Benz Ag | Bougie à flamme pour un moteur à combustion à injection et compression d'air, en particulier pour moteur à injection directe et à surcompression |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1530228A (en) * | 1923-01-05 | 1925-03-17 | Dover Mfg Company | Composite pack for electrical heating elements |
| DE2835236C2 (de) * | 1978-08-11 | 1986-05-28 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Glühstiftkerze für Brennkraftmaschinen |
| JPS5576586A (en) * | 1978-12-01 | 1980-06-09 | Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co | Heater |
| US4437440A (en) * | 1979-06-20 | 1984-03-20 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Auxiliary combustion chamber preheating device |
| US4294867A (en) * | 1980-08-15 | 1981-10-13 | Ford Motor Company | Method for developing a pattern on a ceramic substrate |
| CH676525A5 (fr) * | 1988-07-28 | 1991-01-31 | Battelle Memorial Institute | |
| DE69425308D1 (de) * | 1993-10-04 | 2000-08-24 | Isuzu Ceramics Res Inst | Keramische Glühkerze |
-
1997
- 1997-12-20 DE DE19756988A patent/DE19756988C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-12-08 EP EP98123342A patent/EP0924468B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-08 DE DE59805497T patent/DE59805497D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-12-21 US US09/216,944 patent/US6043459A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-02-16 US US09/505,181 patent/US6121577A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0450185A2 (fr) | 1990-03-08 | 1991-10-09 | Mercedes-Benz Ag | Bougie à flamme pour un moteur à combustion à injection et compression d'air, en particulier pour moteur à injection directe et à surcompression |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2587156A4 (fr) * | 2010-06-22 | 2017-12-27 | NGK Spark Plug Company Limited | Bougie de préchauffage, procédé de production associé et dispositif de chauffage |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19756988C1 (de) | 1999-09-02 |
| DE59805497D1 (de) | 2002-10-17 |
| US6043459A (en) | 2000-03-28 |
| EP0924468A3 (fr) | 1999-09-22 |
| EP0924468B1 (fr) | 2002-09-11 |
| US6121577A (en) | 2000-09-19 |
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